Pseudonannolene ophiiulus Schubart, 1944

Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1), pp. 1-312 : 65-67

Pseudonannolene ophiiulus Schubart, 1944

Figs 101–102 , 166C , 171B , 178F , 185 ; Supp. file 4: Fig. 210D

Pseudonannolene ophiiulus Schubart, 1944: 410 , figs 72–74.

Pseudonannolene ophiiulus – Schubart 1945a: 295; 1952: 418. — Jeekel 2004: 90. — Iniesta & Ferreira 2013b: 366. — Gallo & Bichuette 2020: 36.

Pseudoannolene ophiulus [sic!] – Fontanetti 1990: 698.

Diagnosis

Males of P. ophiiulus resemble those of P. strinatii Mauriès, 1974 and P. tocaiensis by having an internal branch shovel-shaped with horizontal plate ( Fig. 102D ), but differing by a large prefemoral process ( Fig. 102B ); solenomere rounded, with seminal apophysis thickened and visible apically ( Fig. 102D ).

Etymology

Name ‘ophiiulus’ is derived from the Greek words ‘ óphis ’ = ‘snake’, plus the suffix ‘ - ulus’. Although unspecified in the original description, the species name evidently refers to the popular Brazilian reference that millipedes resemble snakes (suborder Serpentes ).

Material examined

Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ [gonopods, gnathochilarium, first and second leg-pair on microscope slides]; São Paulo, Pirassununga, Cachoeira ; [-22.002342, -47.429793]; 630 m a.s.l.; 17 Feb. 1942; J. Gaspar leg.; MZSP.

Other material (total: 23 ♂♂, 23 ♀♀, 43 immatures)

BRAZIL – São Paulo • 1 ♀; Amparo ; [-22.708627, -46.772544]; 703 m a.s.l.; Apr. 1943; F. Lane leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP • 2 ♂♂; Analândia ; [-22.131017, -47.663024]; 657 m a.s.l.; 7 Mar. 1944; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 1 ♂ immature; Fazenda Landgraf ; 7 Mar. 1944; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Nova Odessa ; [-22.785705, -47.294204]; 657 m a.s.l.; Apr. 1951; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 ♀ immature; Pirassununga, Emas ; [-22.001668, -47.427853]; 631 m a.s.l.; 10 Mar. 1948; O. Schubart leg.; inside hole of Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758 (ca 180 cm); MZSP • 2 ♀♀ immatures; same locality data as for preceding; 12 Mar. 1948; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ immatures, 2 ♀♀ immatures; same locality data as for preceding; 7 Jul. 1945; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 2 ♀♀; same locality data as for preceding; 13 Jan. 1955; Guimarães leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀, 1 ♀ immature; same locality data as for preceding; 22 May 1940; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; same locality data as for preceding; 3 Apr. 1940; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂ immature; Estação Experimental de Pirassununga ; 30 Apr. 1940; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; same locality data as for preceding; 21 Aug. 1945; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀, 2 ♀♀ immatures; same locality data as for preceding; 24 May 1940; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 31 Jan. 1940; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀ immature; Baguassú ; 10 Jan. 1939; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Fazenda Pedra Branca ; 30 Mar. 1944; J. Gaspar leg.; MZSP • 14 ♀♀ immatures; Cachoeira ; 17 Feb. 1942; J. Gaspar leg.; MZSP • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 1061 • 1 ♀; Cachoeira de Emas ; [-22.001668, -47.427853]; 631 m a.s.l.; 20 Jan. 1953; J.P. de Lima leg.; MZSP • 2 ♂♂ immatures, 8 ♀♀ immatures; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP • 1 ♂; Porto Ferreira, Fazenda Santa Maria do Sul ; [-21.842440, -47.471357]; 567 m a.s.l.; 1 Aug. 1940; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂♂ immature; same locality data as for preceding; Aug. 1940; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 2 ♀♀ immatures; Rio Claro ; [-22.415956, -47.565350]; 614 m a.s.l.; 16 Nov. 1941; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀ immature; same locality data as for preceding; 8 Jan. 1942; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP 1062 • 1 ♀, 1 ♀ immature; Fazenda São José ; 29 Sep. 1941; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Bairro São Benedito ; [-22.41916, -47.565652]; 677 m a.s.l.; 17 Nov. 1984; E. Giannoti leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; São Carlos ; [-22.010944, -47.890554]; 870 m a.s.l.; 20 Mar. 1944; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP .

Descriptive notes

MEASUREMENTS. 59–63 body rings (2–3 apodous + telson). Males: body length 35–45 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.4–2.5 mm. Females: body length 35–45 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.3– 3.1 mm.

COLOR. Body color faded, but apparently prozonites brownish, metazonites with a posterior brown band; head, antennae, and legs lighter; collum brown brownish.

HEAD. Antennae short ( Fig. 101A ), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 1<2<3>4=5=6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin swollen. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 25 ommatidia in 5 rows.

BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes broadly rounded, with ca 7 striae, slightly curved ectad ( Fig. 101A ). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae ( Fig. 171B ).

FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) elongated (as long as the sum of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base slightly arched and expanded, densely setose ( Fig. 102A ); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along in its entire extension ( Fig. 102B ); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region.

SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and subrectangular; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally ( Fig. 102C ); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose.

GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) subtriangular, basally expanded and progressively less wide, with the base slightly arched; antero-posteriorly strongly flattened, longitudinal thickened ridge with rows of papillae mesally ( Fig. 102D–F ). Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder absent. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx ( Fig. 102D ); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) short; ectal process (ep) short, rounded, separating from amp by shallow notch; sa located at mesal portion, thickened apically. Internal branch (ib) shovel-shaped, with horizontal plate; setae restricted to the apical region of ib exceeding seminal region of sl ( Fig. 102D–F ).

VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous ( Figs 178F , 210D); internal valve subtriangular, with its sides having the same length; operculum slightly expanded apically; external valve large in oral view, subtriangular.

Distribution

Known from the central region of São Paulo State, Brazil ( Fig. 185 ); occurring in the Cerrado biome (tropical savanna ecoregion) and in second-growth forests in the region.

Figures

Fig. 101. Pseudonannolene ophiiulus Schubart, 1944, ♂ (MZSP 1061), in lateral view. A. Anterior region. B. Posterior region. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 102. Pseudonannolene ophiiulus Schubart, 1944, ♂ (MZSP 1061). A. First leg-pair. B. Detail of prefemur. C. Second leg-pair. D. Detail of telopodites, in anal view. E. Gonopods, in anal view. F. Gonopods, in oral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A, C, E–F = 0.5 mm; B, D = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 166. Stereoscopic images of midbody legs of species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895. A. P. mesai Fontanetti, 2000. B. P. microzoporus Mauriès, 1987. C. P. ophiiulus. D. P. parvula Silvestri, 1902. E. P. patagonica Brölemann, 1902. F. P. paulista Brölemann, 1902. G. P. robsoni Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014. H. P. rolamossa Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013. I. P. rugosetta Silvestri, 1897. J. P. silvestris Schubart, 1944. K. P. spelaea Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013. L. P. strinatii Mauriès, 1974. M. P. tocaiensis Fontanetti, 1996. N. P. tricolor Brölemann, 1902. O, P. typica Silvestri, 1895. P. P. urbica Schubart, 1945. Q. P. xavieri Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014. R. P. insularis sp. nov. Images not to scale.

Fig. 171. Stereoscopic images of gnathochilarium and anterior sternum of species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895. A. P. occidentalis Schubart, 1958. B. P. ophiiulus Schubart, 1944. C. P. parvula Silvestri, 1902. D. P. paulista Brölemann, 1902. E. P. robsoni Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014. Images not to scale.

Fig. 178. Stereoscopic images of left vulva of species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895, in oral view. A. P. magna Udulutsch & Pietrobon, 2003. B. P. maritima Schubart, 1949. C. P. mesai Fontanetti, 2000. D. P. microzoporus Mauriès, 1987. E. P. occidentalis Schubart, 1958. F. P. ophiiulus Schubart, 1944. G. P. parvula Silvestri, 1902. H. P. pusilla Silvestri, 1895. I. P. paulista Brölemann, 1902. J. P. robsoni Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014. K. P. rolamossa Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013. L. P. sebastianus Brölemann, 1902. M. P. segmentata Silvestri, 1895. N. P. silvestris Schubart, 1944. O. P. spelaea Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013. Images not to scale.

Fig. 185. Distribution map of the species Pseudonannolene meridionalis Silvestri, 1902, P. mesai Fontanetti, 2000, P. microzoporus Mauriès, 1987, P. occidentalis Schubart, 1958, and P. ophiiulus Schubart, 1944.