Phrynocepha, Baly, 1861

Gilbert, Arthur J., 2011, A review and clarification of the alticine genera Hemiphrynus Horn 1889 and Phrynocepha Baly 1861 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini), Insecta Mundi 2011 (200), pp. 1-57 : 27

Key to the described species of Phrynocepha from Central and North America

1. Size large, 7.2 to 11 mm; procoxae conical; basal margin of pronotum strongly sinuate; “jowl” not obvious; aedeagus as in Fig. 62 , 69 ....................................................... P. pulchella Baly

— Size smaller, 3.5 to 7.5 mm; procoxae globose; basal margin of pronotum weakly sinuate to straight; “jowl” obvious............................................................................................................... 2

2(1). Mesosternum orange; “jowl” carinate ( Fig. 9 ).. ............................................................................ 3

— Mesosternum dark brown or black; “jowl” without carina ( Fig. 7 ) ............................................. 7

3(2). Male with pro- and mesotibiae, from ventral perspective, abruptly expanded in the apical half ( Fig. 55 ); female with pro- and mesotibiae expanded more than metatibiae ............................ ................................................................................................................. P. laevicollis Jacoby

— Male with pro- and mesotibiae gradually enlarged, not abruptly expanded; female with pro- and mesotibiae not expanded more than metatibiae ....................................................................... 4

4(3). Size smaller, 3.9 to 4.4 mm; prosternal intercoxal process grooved, without solid hatchet-shaped knob posterior to procoxae; male unknown .............................. P. australis Gilbert sp. nov.

— Size larger, 4.8 to 7.5 mm; male with prosternal intercoxal process produced into distinct hatchet-shaped knob posterior to procoxae ............................................................................... 5

5(4). Pronotum roughly sculptured, with numerous coalescing punctures ( Fig. 47 ); aedeagus as in Fig. 56 , 64 , 75 ............................................................................................. P. capitata Jacoby

— Pronotum smooth, reticulate not roughly sculptured, with punctures distinct or indistinct but not coalescing .............................................................................................................................. 6

6(5). Pronotum dull, not obviously punctate ( Fig. 52 ); occurs at higher elevations (900 meters) in the state of Chiapas, Mexico; aedeagus as in Fig. 60 , 71 ... P. pseudocapitata Gilbert sp. nov.

— Pronotum shining, obviously punctate ( Fig. 49 ); occurs primarily at low elevations in the Mexican states of Colima, Jalisco and Nayarit; aedeagus as in Fig. 58 , 66 , 76 ....................................... ...................................................................................................... P. kendrae Gilbert sp. nov.

7(2). Size very small, 3.5 mm to 4.0 mm .............................................. P. natalieae Gilbert sp. nov.

— Size larger, 4.6 to 7.0 mm .............................................................................................................. 8

8(7). Pronotum impunctate ( Fig. 54 ); aedeagus as in Fig. 63 , 70 ; occurs in the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Durango ; aedeagus as in Fig. 63 , 70 ...................... P. punctulata Pallister

— Pronotum with scattered coarse punctures or uniformly, moderately punctate........................ 9

9(8). Pronotum with scattered coarse punctures ( Fig. 51 ); prefrontal clypeal ridge of male shallowly emarginate ( Fig. 44 ); occurs in the Mexican state of Morelos ; aedeagus as in Fig. 59 , 67 , 77 ..................................................................................................... P. marciae Gilbert sp. nov.

— Pronotum uniformly punctate ( Fig. 48 , 53 ); male with prefrontal clypeal ridge deeply emarginate ( Fig. 43, 45 ) ............................................................................................................................... 10

10(9). Genal ratio about 1.4x; aedeagus as in Fig. 61 , 68 , 72-73 ............ P. pueblae Gilbert sp. nov.

— Genal ratio about 1.7x; aedeagus as in Fig. 57 , 65 , 74 .................................... P. deyrollei Baly

Figures

Figure 55. Protibia of Phrynocepha laevicollis.

Figures 60-63. Aedeagi, lateral view. 60) Phrynocepha pseudocapitata. 61) P. pueblae. 62) P. pulchella. 63) P. punctulata.

Figures 64-71. Tips of aedeagi, ventral view. 64) Phrynocepha capitata. 65) P. deyrollei. 66) P. kendrae. 67) P. marciae. 68) P. pueblae. 69) P. pulchella. 70) P. punctulata. 71) P. pseudocapitata.

Figures 5-10. Male heads (fgs = frontogenal suture, jl = jowl, lc = lateral carina). 5) Hemiphrynus intermedius, lateral view. 6) H. intermedius, frontal view. 7) Phrynocepha deyrollei, lateral view. 8) P. deyrollei, frontal view. 9) P. pseudocapitata, lateral view. 10) P. pseudocapitata, frontal view.

Figures 47-50. Pronota of Phrynocepha. 47) P. capitata. 48) P. deyrollei. 49) P. kendrae. 50) P. laevicollis.

Figures 56-59. Aedeagi, lateral view. 56) Phrynocepha capitata. 57) P. deyrollei. 58) P. kendrae. 59) P. marciae.

Figures 72-77. Tips of selected aedeagi, lateral view. 72) P. pueblae. 73) P. pueblae. 74) P. deyrollei. 75) P. capitata. 76) P. kendrae. 77) P. marciae.

Figures 51-54. Pronota of Phrynocepha. 51) P. marciae. 52) P. pseudocapitata. 53) P. pueblae. 54) P. punctulata.

Figures 43-46. Frontal view of faces of Phrynocepha. 43) P. deyrollei. 44) P. marciae. 45) P. pueblae. 46) P. punctulata.