Hemiphrynus intermedius ( Jacoby 1884 )

Gilbert, Arthur J., 2011, A review and clarification of the alticine genera Hemiphrynus Horn 1889 and Phrynocepha Baly 1861 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini), Insecta Mundi 2011 (200), pp. 1-57 : 15-18

Hemiphrynus intermedius ( Jacoby 1884)

( Fig. 2 , 5-6 , 11 , 16 , 22, 28, 35, 81-82)

Phrynocepha intermedia Jacoby 1884: 293 . Hemiphrynus intermedius: Horn 1889: 213 . Jacoby 1891: 265. Leng 1920: 300. Heikertinger and Csiki

1939: 214. Blackwelder 1946: 699. Riley et al. 2001: 7. Riley et al. 2002: 662. Riley et al. 2003: 123.

Furth 2006: 230. Phrynocepha intermedius: Wilcox 1975: 107 . Furth and Savini 1996: 64.

Type Specimens. Lectotype (here designated and labeled). Male [ MCZC] labeled: “N. Sonora / Mexico./ Morrison.” [printed on white], “1 st Jacoby/ Coll.” [printed on white], “ intermedia Jac. / cotype” [handwritten on blue], “Type/ 18748” [printed and handwritten on red]; “ LECTOTYPE / Hemiphrynus / intermedius Jac. / by E. G. Mignot, 1969” [printed and handwritten on red].

Paralectotypes [two specimens on the same pin], (here designated and labeled). Male/Female [ BMNH] labeled: “TYPE/ H.T.” [printed circular white with red border], “N. Sonora,/ Mexico./ Morrison.” [printed on white], “N. Sonora,/ Mexico./ Morrison.” [printed on white], “B. C. A., Col. VI, 1./ Suppl./ Hemiphrynus / intermedius ,/ Jac.” [printed on white], “ Phrynocepha / intermedia / Jac.” [handwritten on blue], “ Hemiphrynus / intermedius Jac. / BM(NH)” [printed on white].

The specimen in the collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard bears a lectotype label. This designation was given to this specimen by Mignot (1970) in a thesis that was never published. This specimen bears a handwritten cotype label, a first Jacoby collection label and the same collection data as the two specimens on the same pin from the British Museum of Natural History labeled “TYPE/H.T.” Because the specimen from the MCZC bears an original handwritten cotype label and the first Jacoby collection label, it is designated the lectotype.

Redescription. Male [MCZC type 18748]. Body length 4.76 mm; width at elytral humeri 1.94 mm; form elongate. Elytra blue-black; head, pronotum, mesosternum, antennae, legs yellow-orange. Head not elongate, without ventral “jowl-like” area; genal length 0.57x length of eye; vertex shining, coarsely, densely punctate; postclypeus with eight long setae, with anterior margin broadly curved; anteclypeus truncate; frontal carina raised between antennal fossae into broad, obtuse ridge extending from near top of antennal fossae to well below antennal fossae, abruptly ending before flattened anterior margin of postclypeus; antennal fossae separated by twice width of antennal fossa (fossal width measured from inside edges); labrum orange, rectangular, with corners rounded, shining, impunctate with 5 long setae; without labral notch; frontal tubercles distinct, elevated, separated by coronal suture; area in front of antennal fossa without sunken appearance, without lateral carina; interocular distance 1.47x wider than width of both eyes combined; antennae relatively slender, 0.72x length of body; antennomeres orange; antennomere 2 shortest; antennomere 3 shorter than 1, 4-11; antennomere 5 longer than 4; antennomeres (except 11) gradually shorter towards apex. Pronotum transverse, shining, reticulate, coarsely, shallowly punctate, widest at center; lateral margins uniformly arcuate; a vague depression along 2/3 of basal margin, basal margin vaguely sinuate, gradually curving forward to side margins; anterolateral projections rectangular, with corners rounded; posterolateral angles distinct. Scutellum elongate, brown, shining, acutely triangular, impunctate. Elytra reticulate, impunctate; humeri distinct, without trace of humeral costa. Prosternal intercoxal process level with prosternum, not elevated ventrally to level of procoxae, very narrowly, inconspicuously separating procoxae, expanded behind procoxae. Procoxae conical, appearing contiguous. Procoxal cavities open. Mesosternum, orange, shining, impunctate. Legs including tarsi, orange; pro- and mesofemora not enlarged; tarsomere 1 of protarsi expanded, but not wider than tarsomere 3, shorter than 2-4 combined; tarsomere 1 of mesotarsi expanded, but not wider than tarsomere 3, shorter than 2-4 combined; tarsomere 1 of metatarsi about equal in length to 2-4 combined, longer than tarsomere 1 of pro- or mesotarsi; all tibiae with strong central longitudinal carina along entire length. Abdomen dark brown, shiny, impunctate; fifth abdominal ventrite orange apically, broadly, shallowly emarginate, with small central projection. Aedeagus (from non-type specimen) sharply bent nearly 90 degrees ventrally before mid-point ( Fig. 28 ); basal piece about 29% total length of aedeagus; ventral end uniformly narrowed to acute tip ( Fig. 35 ).

Female. Similar to male except size slightly larger (see “Variation”); tarsomere 1 of pro- and mesotarsi not enlarged; fifth abdominal ventrite shallowly, broadly emarginate.

Variation. Male: length 3.76 – 4.41 mm; width at humeri 1.53 – 1.76 mm. Female: length 3.94 – 5.12 mm; width 1.65 – 2.12 mm. Mesosternum varying from entirely orange to entirely dark brown. The stout or slender appearance of the antennae, as represented by the fourth antennomere (length to width ratio), varies. In the specimens selected, the male fourth antennomere is relatively slender, approximately 3.0x longer than wide, while the female fourth antennomere is even more slender, approximately 3.7x longer than wide.

Remarks. Although the first tarsomeres of the male pro- and mesothoracic legs are expanded, this species and H. sulcatipennis are the only species in the genus that do not have the first tarsomere expanded, such that it is wider than the third tarsomere. Both male and female specimens have a broad flat frontal carina extending between the antennal fossae ( Fig. 16 ). This is a character shared only with H. smithi (new species below) ( Fig. 17 ) and H. corrugatus ( Fig. 14 ). However, the less expanded first tarsomere, male genitalia and distribution will readily separate H. intermedius from these two species. See the remarks for the other species for additional differences.

Distribution. Known from the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Durango, and Sonora and the southwestern U. S. A. from Arizona to western Texas. Selander and Vaurie (1962) and Mignot (1970), both indicate that specimens collected by Morrison in Sonora may actually have been collected in what is present day extreme southern Arizona. If this is correct, then there are no collection records for present day Sonora, Mexico. However, considering that this species ranges at higher elevations throughout Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas and in Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico, it is extremely probable that this species also occurs at higher elevations in similar plant communities in Sonora. With this in mind, Sonora is included in the known distribution. All specimens were collected between 4,600 and 9,000 feet elevation. Furth (2006) records this species from the state of Chiapas. The location of the Chiapas specimen is unknown. Hemiphrynus intermedius is the most commonly collected species in the genus and the lack of collection data between Durango, the southern most collection localities for this species, and the Chiapas record is so great, the Chiapas record is considered dubious and therefore not included on the distribution map.

Host. A series of 48 specimens was collected from Quercus gambelii Nutt. (Fagaceae) and 25 specimens were collected from Q. undulata Torr. near Ruidoso, New Mexico. An additional fourteen specimens collected near Prescott, Arizona on Quercus sp.(Fagaceae) , a single specimen collected from silver oak [silverleaf oak ( Quercus hypoleucoides A. Camus )?] in the Chiricahua Mountains by W. F. Barr and a single specimen collected from Quercus by C. W. O’Brien would validate Quercus as the adult host for this beetle. Single specimens collected from Fallugia paradoxa Endl. (Rosaceae) , Cowania [= Purshia ] ( Rosaceae ), flowers of desert willow [ Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet ] ( Bignoniaceae ), and at UV light are most likely inadvertent associations.

Specimens Examined. In addition to the lectotype and the two paralectotypes, other specimens examined included 135 males and 163 females and 18 with sex undetermined. MEXICO. CHIHUA- HUA: Santa Clara , 2 July 1947, D. Rockefeller Exp. Cazier (17) [ AMNH] ; same data as previous except D. Rockefeller Exp. Gertsch (8) [ AMNH] ; DURANGO: Palos Colorados , 8000ft., 5 August 1947, D. Rockefeller Exp. Cazier (1) [ AMNH] ; Canelas [6,950ft.] (7) [ ZMHB] ; Ventanas Höge (1) [ ZMHB], (3) [ BMNH] ; Ventanas Höge , F. Monros Collection 1959 (1) [ USNM] ; SONORA: N. Sonora, Morrison (2) [ BMNH] ; USA. ARIZONA: Apache County ; 1 mi. S. Greer , 14 June 1968, S. M. Hogue, R. L. Penrose Collectors (1) [ WFBM] ; Greer , 8 July 1933, Owen Bryant (18) [ CASC] ; Cochise County ; Cochise , 2 July 1964, Berrios (2) [ USNM] ; Chiricahua Mts. , elev. 6,000 ft., 29 June 1968 (1) [ FSCA] ; Chiric Mts, 2 June [label is 2-6, no year], Coll Hubbard and Schwarz (2) [ FSCA] ; 5 mi. W. Portal , 17 June 1960, W. F. Barr Collector (4) [ WFBM], (1) [ AJGC] ; Onion Saddle, Chiricahua Mts. , 30 June 1958, W. F. Barr Collector (1) [ WFBM], (1) [ AJGC] ; Chiricahua Mts., Onion Saddle , 4 June 1989, on silver oak, W. F. Barr (1) [ WFBM] ; Huachuca Mtns., Coronado Canyon , 8 July 1984, A. J. Gilbert, R. A. Clark, J. C. Ball Collectors (1) [ AJGC] ; Huachuca Mts., Copper Cn , 1882M [6,210ft.], 10 June 1978, at light, S. McCleve (2) [ TAMU] ; Huachuca Mts. , Copper Cn., 14 June 1977, at light, S. McCleve (2) [ TAMU] ; Chiricahua Mts., Pridham Canyon , 5 June 1978, 1758M [5,801ft.], Scott McCleve (1) [ TAMU] ; same data as previous except at lite, S. McCleve (1) [ TAMU] ; Huachuca Mts, Copper Cyn , 1882M [6,210ft.], 18 June 1978, at lite, S. McCleve (1) [ TAMU] ; SW Res. Sta., 5 mi. W. of Portal, Chiricahua Mts. , 14 June 1968, 5,400ft., C. D. MacNeill (6) [ CASC] ; Carr Cyn., Huachuca Mts. , 7 July 1930, J. O. Martin (2) [ CASC] ; Chiricahua Mts. , 9 July 1908, Van Dyke Collection (1) [ CASC] ; Chiricahua Mts , 9 July 1919, Rucker Canyon, 5,500 ft, A. Weimore Collector (1) [ USNM] ; Huach Mts (2) [ USNM] ; Chiric Mts, 2 June [2 – 6], Collection F. Knab (3) [ USNM] ; Chiric Mts, 9 June [9 – 6] (4) [ USNM] ; Chiric Mts, 6 June [6 – 6], Coll Hubbard and Schwarz (2) [ USNM] ; same data as previous, except 1446 (1) [ USNM] ; Chiric Mts, 2 June [2 – 6] (11) [ USNM] ; same data as previous, except Coll Hubbard and Schwarz (5) [ USNM] ; same data as previous, except 3 June [3 – 6] (2) [ USNM] ; Douglas , 4 July 1936 [7/4/36], W. W. Jones (1) [ USNM] ; Coconino County ; Flagstaff , 1 July 1891? [pin obscures the year] (1) [ AMNH] ; Gila County ; Pinal Mts. , Wickham (1) [ KSBS] ; Sierra Ancha Mts. , July, D. K. Duncan, Coll. (1) [ CASC] ; Graham County ; Galiuro Mts., Ash Creek , 20 June 1979, 1530m [5,049ft.], Scott McCleve (1) [ TAMU] ; Pima County ; S. Catalina Mts, Bear Wallow , 13 June 1947, A. T. McClay Collector (2) [ USNM] ; Sabino Canyon, Nr. Tucson, on desert, Lot No. 385, 30 June 1959, R. H. Arnett, Jr. (1) [ FSCA] ; Pena Blanca , 5 June 1963, 3,940ft., Collected by J. D. Marshall (2) [ AJGC] ; Santa Rita Mtns., Madera Canyon , 8 July 1984, A. J. Gilbert, R. A. Clark, J. C. Ball Collectors (1) [ AJGC] ; S. Catalina Mts., Bear Wallow , 13 June 1947, A. T. Mc- Clay collector (1) [ CASC] ; Sta. Catalina Mts. , 15 June 1940, Bryant, Lot 23 (2) [ CASC] ; Santa Cruz County ; Sta. Rita Mts., Josephine Saddle Trail above Madera Canyon , 25 June 1985, R. L. Westcott (1) [ WFBM] ; Santa Rita Mts. , 5 to 8,000ft., June, F. H. Snow (4) [ KSBS] ; Yavapai County ; 7 mi. S. Prescott , 20 June 1985, 6,000ft., on Quercus, Collector W. F. Barr (11) [ WFBM], (3) [ AJGC] ; 7.5 mi S Prescott , 5,800ft., 20 June 1985, R. L. Westcott (2) [ WFBM] ; 10 miles SW of Prescott , 17 June 1973, W. F. Chamberlain (2) [ TAMU] ; 5 mi. above Jerome , alt. hwy. 94, 15 June 1947, on Cowania, B. E. White (1) [ CASC] ; Unknown County ; C. U. Lot 31, Van Dyke Collection, 10420 (1) [ CASC] ; Morrison, Coll Hubbard and Schwarz (5) [ USNM] ; Morrison (6) [ USNM] ; Coll. Chittenden (1) [USNM]; Morrison ? (2) [ USNM] ; Morrison, Sharp Coll. 1905-313 (1) [ BMNH] ; NEW MEXICO: Colfax County ; 5 mi. e Eagle’s Nest , 8 August 1969, J. C. Schaffner (1) [ TAMU] ; Bernalillo County ; North of Albez, Sandia Natl. For, 31 May 1969 (9) [BYUC] [This locality could not be located on a map. Sandia National forest does not exist. There is a Cibola National Forest, with the Sandia Mountains and numerous other sites with the name Sandia in the portion of the forest in Bernalillo County. This area is the most probable locality. No location for Albez could be found.]; Grant County ; Cherry Creek Camp, Pinus Altos , 1 June 1962, W. F. Chamberlain (4) [ TAMU] ; Sapillo Crk. , 28 mi N Silver City, 20 June 1973, 6,000ft., Scott McCleve (2) [ TAMU] ; Hidalgo County ; Animas Mts. , Indian Cr., 6 June 1980, 1828m [6,032ft.], Scott McCleve (1) [ TAMU] ; Lincoln County ; 3 mi. S Alto , 20 June 1968, S. M. Hogue, R. L. Penrose collectors (4) [ WFBM], (3) [ AJGC] ; Ruidoso , 31 July 1983, Fallugia paradoxa, W. F. Barr Collector (1) [ WFBM] ; 3.2 mi. W. Hwy 48, 7,613 ft., Ruidoso , 9 July 2010, N. 33.39038/ W 105.73537, A. J. Gilbert / N. J. Smith, collected from Quercus undulata Torr. , wavyleaf oak (25) [ AJGC] ; same data as previous except collected from Quercus gambelii Nutt., Gambel oak (48) [ AJGC] ; Oak Grove CG, 8,275 ft., 5.1 mi. W. Hwy 48, 10 July 2010, Ruidoso, N33.39279 / W105.74936, A. J. Gilbert / N. J. Smith (1) [ AJGC] ; Otero County ; Timberon , 15 May 1972, on Quercus, C. W. O’Brien (1) [ FSCA] ; 1 mi. W. Mayhill , 12 June 1972, C. W. O’Brien (4) [ FSCA] ; James Cyn. Cpgd , 12 July 1984, sweeping grass, W. F. Barr Collector (1) [ WFBM] ; Mayhill , 28 June 1969, W. F. Chamberlain (5) [ TAMU] ; James Canyon Cmpgd., Lincoln Nat’l Forest , 17 June 1992, Baumann and Liu (2) [ BYUC] ; 2.5 mi. S Hwy 70 on Hwy 244, Nr. Mescalero , 7,254 ft., 11 July 2010, N 33.18387 / W 105.70938, N. J. Smith / A. J. Gilbert (2) [ AJGC] ; 3.5 mi. S Hwy 70 on Hwy 244, Nr. Mescalero , 7,953 ft., 11 July 2010, N 33.14842 / W 105.67747, N. J. Smith / A. J. Gilbert (1) [ AJGC] ; 4 mi. W Hwy 48, 8,089 ft., Ruidoso , 10 July 2010, N 33.39483 / W 105.73930, A. J. Gilbert / N. J. Smith (2) [ AJGC] ; 4.1 mi. S. Hwy 70 on Hwy 244, Nr. Mescalero , 7,977 ft., 11 July 2010, N33.14734 / W105.67537, N. J. Smith / A. J. Gilbert (2) [ AJGC] ; 9 mi. S Hwy 70 on Hwy 244, Nr. Mescalero , 7,532 ft., 11 July 2010, N 33.01823 / W 105.62286, N. J. Smith / A. J. Gilbert (7) [ AJGC] ; San Miguel County ; Las Vegas HS, 3 August [3 – 8], Barber and Schwarz Coll (1) [ USNM] ; Santa Fe County ; 92 Aug. , A. Fenyes Collection (1) [ CASC] ; Socorro County ; Upper Water Cyn., Magdalena Mts. , 10 June 1984, 9,000ft., W. F. Barr Collector (1) [ WFBM] ; TEXAS: Dawson County ; 15 mi. E La Mesa [ Lamesa ?], 5 June 1970, Wharton (1) [ TAMU] ; Jeff Davis County ; Davis Mts. , 24 June 1956, D. J. and J. N. Knull Collrs. (3) [ BYUC] ; Davis Mts. Resort, ( Marqua residence), 5,800ft., 26 June 1994, UV light, E. G. Riley (2) [ TAMU] ; Davis Mts., Madera cyn., 25 June 1994, UV, E. G. Riley (1) [ TAMU] ; Mt. Locke , 6,790ft., 24 June 1994, on flowers of desert willow, E. G. Riley (1) [ TAMU] ; Sawtooth Mt. Pk. ( Rockpile ), 29 May 1973, Gaumer and Clark (1) [ TAMU] ; H. O. Canyon, Davis Mts. , 5 July 1968, 6,200ft., J. E. Hafernik (1) [ TAMU] ; UNKNOWN LOCALITY: 4270 (1) [ FSCA] ; Sharp Coll. 1905-313 (2) [ BMNH] .

Figures

Figures 1-4. Habitus of adult Hemiphrynus. 1) Hemiphrynus elongatus, male. 2) H. intermedius, male. 3) H. sulcatipennis, male. 4) H. sydneyae, female.

Figures 5-10. Male heads (fgs = frontogenal suture, jl = jowl, lc = lateral carina). 5) Hemiphrynus intermedius, lateral view. 6) H. intermedius, frontal view. 7) Phrynocepha deyrollei, lateral view. 8) P. deyrollei, frontal view. 9) P. pseudocapitata, lateral view. 10) P. pseudocapitata, frontal view.

Figures 11-12. Male third and fourth antennomeres. 11) H. intermedius. 12) P. deyrollei.

Figures 13-18. Frontal view of faces of Hemiphrynus. 13) H. barri. 14) H. corrugatus. 15) H. elongatus. 16) H. intermedius. 17) H. smithi. 18) H. sydneyae.

Figures 25-28. Aedeagi, lateral view. 25) Hemiphrynus barri. 26) H. corrugatus. 27) H. elongatus. 28) H. intermedius.

Figures 32-38. Tips of aedeagi, ventral view. 32) H. barri. 33) H. corrugatus. 34) H. elongatus. 35) H. intermedius. 36) H. sulcatipennis. 37) H. smithi. 38) H. sydneyae.