Bradyporus (Callimenus) macrogaster macrogaster ( Lefebvre, 1831 )

Ünal, Mustafa, 2011, Taxonomic review of the subfamily Bradyporinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Bradyporini; Ephippigerini) of Turkey, with description of new species and the relationship of the taxa, Zootaxa 2899, pp. 1-42 : 11-14

Bradyporus (Callimenus) macrogaster macrogaster ( Lefebvre, 1831)

( Figs. 14–26 , 122–125, 156–157)

Ephippiger macrogaster: Lefebvre, 1831: 5 . Typus: male (neotypus) in AİBÜEM, here designated. Type locality: Turkey, İzmir, Buca.

Callimenus Oniscus var. brachynotus Fieber. Fieber, 1853: 206, partim.

Callimenus oniscus var. intermedia n.: Werner, 1901: 286.

Callimenus Macrogaster : Jacobs. & Bianchi, 1903: 421, sensu Kirby, 1906:176.

Callimenus Obesus, Fisch. Waldh., 1830 : Kirby, 1906: 175, partim.

Callimenus longicollis Schulth. (1881) : Shugurov, 1907b: 271, 273, partim.

Derallimus armadillo Thunberg, 1815 : Caudell, 1912: 21, partim.

Derallimus obesus Fischer von Waldheim, 1830: Caudell, 1912: 21, partim.

Bradyporus macrogaster (Lefebvre) : Uvarov, 1934: 28, 71, 74.

Bradyporus dilatatus (Stål) : Ramme, 1951: 382, partim.

Bradyporus macrogaster (Lef.) : Ramme, 1951: 382.

Bradyporus macrogaster ( Lefebvre), 1831 : Karabaġ, 1958: 83.

Callimenus macrogaster macrogaster (Lef.), 1831 : Harz, 1969: 618.

Bradyporus (Callimenus) macrogaster macrogaster Lefebvre, 1831 : Karaman, 1961: 114.

Bradyporus macrogaster macrogaster Lefebvre, 1831 : Otte, 1997: 8.

Callimenus macrogaster ( Lefebvre, 1831) : Önder et al., 1999: 245.

Callimenus macrogaster macrogaster Lef. : Turkoglu & Koca, 2002: 1.

Previous records. Lefebvre, 1831: Asie mineure, Smyrne (Ïzmir), S. of Boudja (Buca), June, 1829, 1 female; Fieber, 1853: for brachynotus : Türkei, Kleinasien, male, female (leg. Fieber), for longicollis : no location (see Remarks); Werner, 1901: Pergamon (Bergama, Ïzmir), 1 male in the Brunner coll.; Burnabat (Bornova, Ïzmir), 4.5.1901, 1 female (leg. F. Werner); Kirby, 1906: Turkey, Smyrna; Caudell, 1912: as D. armadillo , Turkey, as D. obesus , Asia Minor; Uvarov, 1934: Demirchi, S. of Simav (Manisa), 3– 4.8.1931, several males, 1 female (leg. B.P. Uvarov); Ramme, 1951: as B. dilatatus, Sewdiköi (Seydiköy, Ïzmir) (leg. La Baume), as B. macrogaster, Karačabey (Karacabey, Bursa) (leg. Grohmann); Karabaġ, 1958: Karacabey Harası (Bursa), 21.v, 4, 5, 20, 27.vi. 1946, (without number of specimens) (leg. T. Karabaġ) (see material examined); Önder et al., 1999: Ïzmir, Bergama, 2.7.1991, 1 specimen (det. T. Karabaġ); Ïzmir, Bornova, 1.7.1974, 1 specimen (det. K. Harz), 15.7.1992, 1 specimen (det. T. Karabaġ); Turkoglu & Koca, 2002: Manisa, Spil Mountain, June 1999, 5 males, 6 females.

Material examined. Ïzmir, Buca, 18.6.2003, 1 male (neotypus), 1 female (leg. S. Koca); Ïzmir, Çeşme, Alaçatı yol kavşaġı, June 2008, 1 female (leg. B. Keskin); Kütahya, Altıntaş-Gediz yolu, Murat Daġı kavşaġı, 55 km W. of Altıntaş, 19.7.2003, 1 male; Kütahya, Domaniç, 10 km S. of Domaniç, Karaköy, 16.7.2003, 1 male; Kütahya, Simav, Akdaġ yolu, Savcılar Köyü, 39°11’868’’N, 28°52’267’’ E, 910 m, 4.7.2010, 1 female; Burdur, Yeşilova, Denizli il sınırı, 950 m, 6.6.2002, 1 male; Denizli, Acıpayam-Yeşilova yolu, 950 m, 6.6.2002, 2 males; Manisa, Spil Daġı, 38°33’306’’N, 27°26’470’’ E, 1270 m, 5.7.2010, 1 male; Spil Daġı, 38°33’511’’N, 27°23’972’’ E, 1250 m, 5.7.2010, 7 males, 1 female; Bursa, 5 km W of Bursa, 29.7.1995, 3 males, 1 female (all leg. M. Ünal) (AÏBÜEM); Bursa, Hara (Karacabey Harası), 29.6.1946, 1 male, 2 females (leg. T. Karabaġ) ( AÜZM); Ïzmir, Bornova, 17.7.1991, 1 male, 1 female (leg. E. Tazegül), Bornova, 15.7.1992, 1 male, 1 female (leg. E. Tazegül); Asiatic Turkey, 1 male (leg. N. Şevket) (det. by Ramme as Callimenus dilatatus ) ( ABKM).

Distribution. Turkey, Rhodos, Greece (Thracia) ( Harz, 1969); Anatolia ( Ramme, 1951); the southern Balkans and Asia Minor ( Heller, 1988); Greece: Thrace ( Kaltenbach, 1965; Willemse, 1984, Willemse & Willemse, 2008; Kati & Willemse, 2001). Known in Turkey from Ïzmir, Manisa, Bursa provinces ( Werner, 1901; Uvarov, 1934; Ramme, 1951; Karabaġ, 1958); it is recorded from Kütahya, Burdur, Denizli provinces for the first time in the present work ( Fig. 156 ).

Description. Male (neotype): Head large, wider than anterior width of pronotum and 1.3 times higher than wide. Eye small almost as large as antennal foramen. Lateral carinae of pronotum ( Figs. 14, 15 , 122, 123) very distinct, sharp and raised; prozona strongly depressed; metazona raised, with 5 tubercular folds, 2 of which very distinct and long, outer 2 much smaller, and median one slightly distinct; anterior margin of pronotum concave, posterior margin with 5 small incision, median one more distinct; prozona 1.3 times narrower than metazona in dorsal view, 1.2 times higher than metazona in lateral view; pronotum 1.9 times longer than its width, lateral carinae slightly converged in front of metazona later diverged ( Figs. 14, 15 , 122, 123). Tegmina fully concealed under pronotum. Fore and mid femora unarmed, hind femur in some specimens with 2 small ventral spines apically. Hind femur and tibia distinctly compressed. Prosternum with 2 very long spines; lobes of meso and metasternites large and slightly pointed posteriorly. Subgenital plate ( Fig. 16 ) very large, only 1.1 times longer than wide; posterior margin slightly concave, but in some specimens almost straight between the end of lateral carinae, without styli. Cercus ( Fig. 17, 18 ) large, its apex blunt with some indistinct denticles, in other males apex more pointed such as the previous published figures; inner tooth very large, blunt with 2 indistinct denticles, but in some other males inner tooth distinctly bidentate; ventral view ( Fig. 18 ) much longer; basal lobe high. Titillator ( Figs. 19, 20 ) with very long apical and very short basal arms; apical arms diverged, apex curved outwards, pointed with a downcurved apical tooth; basal arms slightly upcurved; bridge between left and right arms short; in lateral view ( Fig. 20 ) apical arm curved towards the posterior.

Female: Head as in male, but eye slightly larger. Pronotum ( Figs. 21, 22 , 124, 125) with very sharp and raised lateral carinae which distinctly converged in metazona; prozona longer than metazona and clearly depressed; metazona raised, with 2 distinct and 2 much smaller tubercular folds; anterior margin of pronotum slightly concave, posterior margin concave with 3 small incision placed end of tubercular folds; in lateral view almost triangular, prozona very high, metazona low; 1.6 times longer than its height; anterior edge of prozona and metazona slightly raised ( Figs. 21, 22 , 124, 125). Only tip of tegmina visible in some specimens. Subgenital plate ( Fig. 23 ) almost as long as wide, strongly narrowed to apex; posterior margin with 2 large spines, slightly bisinuate between them; basal part with a distinct spine on both sides; basal pits large and long. Cercus ( Fig. 24 ) long, conical, 1.7 times longer than wide, pointed with a sharp tooth which slightly outcurved; with a small and high basal lobe. Ovipositor ( Figs. 25 , 124, 125) short, 1.5 times shorter than hind femur; ventral valve with a row apical teeth; upper and lower valves distinctly diverged at apex; basal projecting of lower valve ( Fig. 26 ) triangular, pointed at apex.

Color: Coloration strongly variable. Green and black predominant colors. Dorsal surface of head fully black in most specimens; face milky brown with 2 short stripes between antennal scapes; gena with many black spots; ventral part of clypeus (sometimes whole) and ventral part of labrum black; fronto-clypeal sulcus black. Prozona brownish with many black spots and small stripes which mostly fused each other both in dorsal and lateral view, in some specimens prozona fully black; lateral carinae with a long black stripe along its length; metazona mostly green, sometimes brownish, with a thin longitudinal black stripe on each tubercular fold. Femora milky brown with distinct black spots; inner side of hind femur orange with blackened apical part; tibia milky brown, with black or reddish brown spines; tarsi milky brown, ventral part darkened. Dorsal surface of abdomen black, with 2 green longitudinal bands along its length in typical form from Ïzmir which type locality, but not very rarely dorsal surface of abdomen fully blackened; posterior margin of each abdominal tergite with a row of light spots in most specimens; lower part of lateral surface of abdomen milky, greenish or dirty brown. Subgenital plate of both sexes milky brown. Ovipositor milky brown, its dorsal edge and margins of apical part blackened. Sternites brown or light brown.

Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 48–60.9, female 50.2–57.4; pronotum: male 15.3–21.1, female 14–18.3; hind femur: male 18.9–23.5, female 21–24.2; ovipositor: 13.7–15.1.

Diagnosis. This species is easily separated from the others studied here by the shape of titillator with very long apical and very short basal arms, the shape of male cercus, the female subgenital plate with 2 apical and 2 lateral spines. This species has similar general appearance, coloration and somewhat shape of pronotum with B. latipes . But their male cerci, titillators, female subgenital plates are very different. Moreover they are in the different species groups. The general appearance also similar to Bradyporus karabagi sp. n. But in fact it is not a close species. Its closest relatives are found in the Balkan Peninsula. Including its valid subspecies and synonyms there are 6 described taxa as close relatives of B. macrogaster (see the checklist above). To recognize this subspecies among those taxa see Karaman (1961), Kis (1962) and Harz (1969).

Remarks. The type is lost ( Harz, 1969). Therefore a male neotype is designated from its known type locality Ïzmir: Buca.

The record given as B. dilatatus from Ïzmir ( Ramme, 1951) probably belongs to this species.

Fieber (1853: 205) described “ Callimenus Oniscus var. longicollis Fieber.“, but he did not state any locality or coutry. Brunner (1882: 253) describing C. pancici , stated that Fieber’s specimens are from Turkey. He gave ( Brunner, 1882: 253) C. longicollis Fieber as a synonym of his new species C. pancici . Therefore the subsequent authors such as Kirby (1906), Caudell (1912), Uvarov (1934) gave this taxon (sometimes as a synonym) in Turkey. The type locality of C. pancici Brunner, 1882 is “ Serbien, Nisch” which is not in the present Turkey. According to Karaman (1961) “ type locality of B. longicollis known as only Turkey. But Turkey covers Anatolia and also a largest part of Balkan Peninsula that time and it is not possible to determine where actually B. longicollis collected”. But, Karaman (1961: 114) synonymized B. longicollis with the nominotypical subspecies B. macrogaster , and gave B. pancici as a valid subspecies of B. macrogaster . In this case Karaman considered that the type locality of B. longicollis is in the present Turkey.

According to Shugurov (1907b: 271) C. longicollis was described by Schulthess-Rechberg in 1881 after specimens collected from Nish, in Servia ( Serbia) in the article “Eine Excursion nach serbien”. That is, the type locality of Brunner’s species C. pancici and the type locality of Schulthess-Rechberg’s species C. longicollis (nec Fieber, 1853) are the same place. Unfortunately I have not the paper of Schulthess-Rechberg (1881) to check this information. As it is seen in the previous papers C. longicollis Fieber, 1853 is synonym with C. pancici Brunner, 1882 ( Brunner, 1882; Kirby, 1906; Caudell, 1912) or synonym with C. macrogaster Lefebvre, 1831 ( Karaman, 1961) . If it is synonym with C. pancici it must be valid name of the subspecies of C. macrogaster as a senior synonym. But if it is synonym with C. macrogaster ( Lefebvre, 1831) it would be a junior synonym. In the latter case C. pancici would be valid name although the presence of an older name C. longicollis Schulthess-Rechberg, 1881 . Because of the homonymy of C. longicollis Fieber, 1853 and C. longicollis Schulth., 1881 , the latter longicollis is a junior homonym and invalid. Therefore, its synonym C. pancici must be valid name as a subspecies of C. macrogaster . If the type specimen of C. longicollis Fieber was collected from Balkans it would be synonym with C. pancici , but if it was collected from Anatolia it would be a synonym of C. macrogaster .

Fieber (1853: 205) describing C. longicollis also described another taxon C. brachynotus in the same page which is a synonym of B. macrogaster macrogaster now. If the specimens of C. longicollis were collected from present Turkey (Anatolian part) Fieber probably would not had described it separately from C. brachynotus which was collected from the Anatolian part of Turkey (present Turkey). Fieber must had seen some distinct differences between C. brachynotus and C. longicollis . Therefore I think the specimens of C. longicollis and C. brachynotus were not collected from the same region (Anatolian Turkey). The probability collecting of the specimens of Fieber’s longicollis from Balkan Peninsula (former Turkey) is too higher. That is the Balkan Peninsula is probably its type locality. Moreover Brunner (1882) was considered C. pancici and C. longicollis are synonyms after his study on the collection of Fieber. In this case I agree with Brunner (1882) that I also think pancici Brunner and longicollis Fieber are synonyms, but the name longicollis Fieber has priority (see the checklist above).

The size and external appearance are variable in the populations studied here. The specimens from Denizli and Burdur have smaller size and pronotum, but the titillators are not different from the typical form.

Figures

FIGURE 156. Distribution of Bradyporinae species in Turkey.

FIGURES 14 – 26. Bradyporus (Callimenus) macrogaster macrogaster: 14, male pronotum; 15, ditto lateral view; 16, male subgenital plate; 17, male cercus dorsal view; 18, ditto ventral view; 19, titillator anterior view; 20, ditto lateral view; 21, female pronotum; 22, ditto lateral view; 23, female subgenital plate; 24, female cercus; 25, ovipositor; 26, basal projecting of ventral valve of ovipositor. Scales of pronotum, subgenital plate and ovipositor 5 mm, others 1 mm.