Kefalia grafika, Hemp & Heller, 2019

Hemp, Claudia & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Orthoptera (Tettigoniidae and Acridoidea) from Miombo woodlands of Central Tanzania with the description of new taxa, Zootaxa 4671 (2), pp. 151-194 : 175-177

Kefalia grafika n. sp. Hemp C.

( Figs. 25 C , 26 B , 247C, 28 A, B, 29, 31–34)

Holotype. Male. Tanzania, Wotta Forest Reserve, Mpwapwa District , Dodoma Region, montane forest, 1840 m, March 2017 . Paratypes. 2 males, 4 females, same data as holotype. Depository: Collection C. Hemp .

Description. Male. General habitus and colour pattern. Contrasting pattern of black and green tegmina, and a body with broad yellow fascia bordered above and below by black fasciae. Venter of abdomen reddish ( Fig. 29 A ). Head and antennae. Fastigium of vertex as for genus, compressed, narrower than first antennal segment, sulcate above. Eyes oval, prominent. Antennae very long and thin, about three times the length of body; of dark colour. Pro- notum and wings. Lateral lobes of pronotum strongly inflated. Stridulatory file as in Fig. 25 C ; numerous densely set teeth situated on bulge; teeth gradually decreasing in size, at outer side abruptly curved up-wards. Legs and abdo- men. Fore and mid femora with few very small spinules. Spinules, especially at apex of mid tibiae, hooked. Hind tibia tri-angular in diameter, dorsal double row of spines with normal shape, ventral row near apex with hooked spines. Tenth abdominal tergite with incurved posterior margin. Cerci till about midway round in diameter, then laterally flattened and incurved, ending in acute and sclerotized tip that is slightly twisted ( Fig. 26 B ). Subgenital plate with median broad v-shaped indentation, lateral lobes formed with uneven margin ( Fig. 27 C ).

Female. Of predominantly green colour when alive ( Fig. 29 B ). Elytra along margins and tips deep black. Ovipositor as in Fig. 28 B and Fig. 29 B . Subgenital small, tri-angular ( Fig. 28 A ); Posterior margin of 10 th abdominal tergite depressed; cerci round and thick at base then narrowing along length ( Fig. 28 B ).

Measurements, males (mm) (N=3). Total length of body 12.0–13.2; Median length of pronotum 2.7–2.9; Length of hind femur 15.1–15.5; Length of elytra 14.5–17.0.

Measurements, females (mm) (N=4). Total length of body 10.6–14.5; Median length of pronotum 3.0–3.3; Length of hind femur 14.5–16.7; Length of elytra 2.2–3.2; Length of ovipositor 6.2–6.3.

Song. The typical male calling song is quite similar to that of K. omorpha (see above). It consisted of long sequences (37±12 s: range 22–64; n=19) of short syllables which increased more or less continuously in amplitude ( Fig. X4 ). In syllable repetition rate, slight differences within a sequence were observed, but the variation was not so regular as in K. omorpha . The sequence started with periods of 41.4±4.2 ms (SRR 24.2 Hz), became faster in the middle part (37.5±4.1 ms; SRR 26.7 Hz) and slowed down at the end (38.7±4.0 ms; SRR 25.8 Hz; all T=22–24ºC). The last element of a sequence was invariably separated from the previous by a large interval and had the same structure as in K. omorpha ( Fig. 32 ). Typically after the end of the sequence two or three isolated sound elements could be observed similar in structure to syllables within the sequence ( Fig. 31 ). The spectrum of the song is broadbanded with peaks at about 10 and 40 kHz ( Fig. 34 ). Probably due to a higher quality of the recordings, some spectral differences between different song parts were found. In the impulse group of the last element, the high frequent peak was much weaker than in the main part of the song, and in the isolated impulses the low frequent peak was clearly reduced ( Fig. 33 ).

Habitat. Montane forest, on foliage of bushes and trees.

Distribution. Central Tanzania, Dodoma Region.

Conservation status. Analogous to Peronura wottae n. sp. Kefalia grafika n. sp. is only known from Wotta Forest Reserve at present and thus must be regarded as Critically Endangered.

Etymology: From Greek:—γραφικóς, grafikós, colourful, because of its pattern of green, black and yellow.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Male (A) and female (B) Horatosphaga laticerca n. sp.

FIGURE 25. Stridulatory files of Kefalia species. A. K. laeta n. sp. B. K. omorfa n. sp. C. K. grafika n. sp.

FIGURE 26. Male apices of Kefalia species. A. K. laeta n. sp. B. K. grafika n. sp. C, D. K. omorfa n. sp.

FIGURE 27. Subgenital plates of male Kefalia species A. K. laeta n. sp. B. K. omorfa n. sp. C. K. grafika n. sp.

FIGURE 28. Subgenital plates and semilateral to dorsal view on last abdominal tergites of female Kefalia species A, B. K. grafika n. sp. C, D. K. laeta n. sp. E, F. K. omorfa n. sp.

FIGURE 29. Kefalia grafika n. sp. from Wotta Forest Reserve on the Mpwapwa plateau, male (A) and female (B).

FIGURE 31. Oscillograms of calling songs of Eulioptera and Kefalia species, overview. 40-s-sections.

FIGURE 32. Oscillograms of calling songs of Eulioptera and Kefalia species, overview. Details of pronounced song ending, 1-s-sections.

FIGURE 33. Sonograms of calling songs of Eulioptera excavata n. sp. and Kefalia grafika n. sp. In E. excavata n. sp., about 70 ms after the second syllable of the syllable pair often an single impulse could be observed (arrow), which was lower in fre- quency than the syllables and may represent a female response. In K. grafika n. sp., the long group of impulses did not show the high frequency components of the main part of the song, whereas in the final isolated impulses the low components were much weaker (see also Fig. 34).

FIGURE 34. Power spectra of the calling song of Eulioptera and Kefalia species. In species with restricted frequency range black lines mark its end. In K. grafika n. sp., the spectrum of the long group of impulses is indicated in blue and that of the final isolated impulses in green.