Periglischrus iheringi Oudemans, 1902

Gomes-AlmeidaK, Brenda Karolina, DiórioK, Gabriel Félix, CostaK, Samuel Geremias dos Santos & PepatoK, Almir Rogério, 2024, DNA barcoding, visual-guide resource, new localities and host associations of genus Periglischrus Oudemans, 1902 (Acari: Mesostigmata, Spinturnicidae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil, Acarologia 1902 (2), pp. 425-462 : 444-449

Periglischrus iheringi Oudemans ( Figures 11–13 )

Periglischrus iheringi Oudemans, 1902: 38 .

Periglischrus jheringi (sic) Oudemans, 1903:135.

Periglischrus meridensis Hirst, 1927: 335 .

Spinturnix ewingia Wharton, 1938: 139 .

Spinturnix artibiensis Radford, 1951: 97 .

Specimens examined — Male (UFMG AC 221127) on Carollia perspicillata (1 ex.): Brazil, Minas Gerais, Arcos, Vale Sto Antônio cave, -20.3673, - 45.5756 ° E, 26 jan. 2021, collected by A. Tahara et al. (COX1 sequence [voucher code]: OP964413[UFMG AC 221127]); deutonymph female (UFMG AC 220098) on Artibeus lituratus (PNSC0092): Brazil, Minas Gerais, Santana do Riacho, Bocaina cave, PN da Serra do Cipó, - 19.3419° S, -43.6032°

E, 19 Sep. 2021, collected by B. Gomes-Almeida et al. (COX1 sequence[voucher code]: OP964421[UFMG AC 220098]); female (UFMG AC 221115), male (UFMG AC 221114)

on Chiroderma doriae (1 ex.) and male (UFMG AC 221113) on Artibeus planirostris (1

ex.): Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pains, Mastodonte cave, -20.4270, - 45.6322 ° E, 03 Mar. 2020, collected by A. Tahara et al. (COX1 sequence [voucher code]: OP964414[UFMG AC 221115], OP964420[UFMG AC 221113] and OP964432[UFMG AC 221114]); 2♀ (UFMG AC 221011-

12), 4♂ (UFMG AC 220221, 220224, 220226, 221013), 2 deutonymph ♂ (UFMG AC 220227,

220230) and 2 protonymphs (UFMG AC 221014–15) on Artibeus lituratus (3 ex.): Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Pardo de Minas, Chácara cave (unregistered), PE Serra Nova e Talhado, - 15.6758° S, - 42.7295° E, 20 Dec. 2021, collected by B. Gomes-Almeida et al. (COX1 sequence [voucher code]: OP964404[UFMG AC 220221], OP964416[UFMG AC 220230], OP964417[UFMG AC 220227], OP964418[UFMG AC 220226], OP964419[UFMG AC

220224], OP964427[UFMG AC 221015], OP964428[UFMG AC 221014], OP964429[UFMG

AC 221013], OP964430[UFMG AC 221012], OP964431[UFMG AC 221011]); 1 ♀ (UFMG

AC 220157) and 1 protonymph (UFMG AC 220828) on Platyrrhinus lineatus (1 ex.): Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Pardo de Minas, Mosquito cave (unregistered), PE Serra Nova e Talhado, - 15.6545° S, - 42.7335° E, 16 Dec. 2021, collected by B. Gomes-Almeida et al. (COX1 sequence [voucher code]: OP964411[UFMG AC 220157], OP964415[UFMG AC 220157]); 1♀ (UFMG AC 220092), 4♂ (UFMG AC 220090, 220093, 220095, 221021), 2 deutonymph ♀

(UFMG AC 221020, 221022), deutonymph ♂ (UFMG AC 221018), 3 protonymphs (UFMG

AC 220091, 220094, 221017) on Artibeus planirostris (4 ex.): Brazil, Minas Gerais, Santana do Riacho, Bocaina cave, PN da Serra do Cipó, - 19.3419° S, -43.6032, 19 Sep. 2021, collected by B. Gomes-Almeida et al. (COX1 sequence [voucher code]: OP964405,

[UFMG AC 220095], OP964406[UFMG AC 220094], OP964407[UFMG AC 220093], OP964408[UFMG AC 220092], OP964409[UFMG AC 220091], OP964410[UFMG AC

220090], OP964422[UFMG AC 221022], OP964423[UFMG AC 221021], OP964424[UFMG

AC 221020], OP964425[UFMG AC 221018], OP964426[UFMG AC 221017]); 1 protonymph

(UFMG AC 220085) on Platyrrhinus lineatus (1 ex.): Brazil, Minas Gerais, Santana do Riacho, Bocaina V cave, APA Morro da Pedreira, - 19.3346° S, - 43.6032° E, 17 Sep. 2021, collected by B. Gomes-Almeida et al. (COX1 sequence [voucher code]: OP964412[UFMG AC 220085]). Barcode sequences — OP964404–08, OP964412–19, OP964421, OP964423–29 (Table

1).

Distribution — Bolivia, Brazil (detailed below), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Surinam, Trinidad, Venezuela and

seta on femur–tarsus I (slender), indicated in red arrow; I – Proximal antero ad)(– posterodorsal pd () setae on tibia II; J – Proximal ad and pd setae on femur II; K – Distal pv setae on femur–tarsus II (slender), indicated in red arrow; L – Proximal ad and pd setae on femur IV; M and N

– Posterolateral (pl) setae on femur–tibia IV with details, indicated in red arrow. Scale bars: A, C, D = 100 µm, B, E–N = 50 µm.

–

Virgin Islands ( Gettinger 2018 ; Beron 2020).

Hosts and records from Brazil — Anoura caudifer (É. Geoffroy, 1818) : Rio Grande do Sul ( Silva et al. 2009); Anoura sp. : Rio Grande do Sul ( Silva et al. 2009) ; Artibeus fimbriatus : Rio de Janeiro ( Lourenço et al. 2016, 2020); Rio Grande do Sul ( Silva et al.

2009); Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) : Ceará, Mato Grosso ( Almeida et al. 2016b), Distrito

Federal ( Gettinger and Gribel 1989), Mato Grosso do Sul ( Silva and Graciolli 2013 ; Silva et al.

2017), Minas Gerais ( Azevedo et al. 2002 ; present study), Paraná and São Paulo ( Confalonieri

1976), Pernambuco ( Dantas-Torres et al. 2009), Rio de Janeiro ( Confalonieri 1976 ; Almeida et al. 2010, 2011 ; Almeida et al. 2015 ; Lourenço et al. 2016), Rio Grande do Sul ( Silva et al. 2009), Santa Catarina ( Rudnick 1960), Sergipe ( Bezerra and Bocchiglieri 2018), Brazil

( Webb and Loomis 1977); Artibeus obscurus : Rio de Janeiro ( Almeida et al. 2011 ; Lourenço et al. 2016); Artibeus planirostris : Ceará ( Almeida et al. 2016b ; Confalonieri 1976); Distrito

Federal ( Gettinger and Gribel 1989); Mato Grosso ( Almeida et al. 2016b); Mato Grosso do

Sul ( Silva and Graciolli 2013 ; Silva et al. 2017); Minas Gerais (present study), Pernambuco

( Dantas-Torres et al. 2009); Rio de Janeiro ( Almeida et al. 2011 ; Confalonieri 1976 ; Lourenço et al. 2016) and Sergipe ( Bezerra and Bocchiglieri 2018); Carollia perspicillata : Ceará

( Almeida et al. 2016b ; Confalonieri 1976), Minas Gerais (present study), Rio de Janeiro

( Almeida et al. 2011 ; Lourenço et al. 2020); Chiroderma doriae : Rio de janeiro ( Lourenço et al. 2016), Mato Grosso do Sul ( Silva et al. 2017), Minas Gerais (present study); Chiroderma vizottoi : Ceará ( Almeida et al. 2016b); Chrotopterus auritus : São Paulo ( Confalonieri 1976);

Dermanura cinerea (Gervais, 1856) : Distrito Federal ( Gettinger and Gribel 1989), Sergipe

( Bezerra and Bocchiglieri 2018); Desmodus rotundus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) : Rio de janeiro

( Lourenço et al. 2016), São Paulo ( Confalonieri 1976); Eptesicus brasiliensis (Desmarest,

1819): Pará ( Confalonieri 1976); Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766) : Rio de Janeiro

( Lourenço et al. 2020), Rio Grande do Sul ( Silva et al. 2009); Lophostoma brasiliense :

Sergipe ( Bezerra and Bocchiglieri 2018); Lophostoma silviculum : Mato Grosso do Sul ( Silva et al. 2017); Micronycteris microtis (Miller, 1898) : Rio de Janeiro ( Lourenço et al. 2020);

Myotis nigricans : Rio de Janeiro ( Almeida et al. 2010); Noctilio albiventris : Mato Grosso do

Sul ( Silva and Graciolli 2013 ; Silva et al. 2017); Peropteryx macrotis : Ceará ( Confalonieri

1976); Phyllostomus discolor : Mato Grosso do Sul ( Silva and Graciolli 2013 ; Silva et al.

2017), Sergipe ( Bezerra and Bocchiglieri, 2018); Platyrrhinus incarum (Thomas, 1912) : Mato

Grosso ( Almeida et al. 2016b); Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) : Ceará ( Almeida et al. 2016b), Distrito Federal ( Gettinger and Gribel 1989), Mato Grosso ( Almeida et al. 2016b),

Mato Grosso do Sul ( Silva and Graciolli 2013 ; Silva et al. 2017), Minas Gerais (present study),

Pernambuco ( Dantas-Torres et al. 2009), Rio de Janeiro ( Confalonieri 1976 ; Lourenço et al.

2016), São Paulo ( Oudemans 1902); Platyrrhinus recifinus (Thomas, 1901) : Rio de Janeiro

( Lourenço et al. 2016, 2020); Platyrrhinus sp. : Rio de Janeiro ( Confalonieri 1976); Pygoderma bilabiatum : Rio de Janeiro ( Lourenço et al. 2016); Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) : Mato

Grosso do Sul ( Silva and Graciolli 2013 ; Silva et al. 2017), Minas Gerais ( Azevedo et al. 2002),

Pernambuco ( Dantas-Torres et al. 2009), Rio de Janeiro ( Almeida et al. 2011 ; Confalonieri

1976; Lourenço et al. 2016); Sturnira tildae : Espírito Santo ( Confalonieri 1976); Tonatia silvicola (d’Orbigny, 1836) : Mato Grosso do Sul ( Silva and Graciolli 2013); Vampyressa pusilla (Wagner, 1843) : Rio de janeiro ( Lourenço et al. 2016, 2020), Vampyrodes caraccioli

(Thomas, 1889): Pará ( Confalonieri 1976).

Differential diagnosis — Females: first pair of dorsal proteronotal setae minute and on the anterolateral margin of the dorsal plate, while the other proteronotal setae large and off the plate ( Figure 11C ); sternal plate pear shaped ( Figure 11E–F ); proximal anterodorsal seta of femur II minute and proximal posterodorsal seta of femur II medium sized (Figure

11J); posteroventral (pv) seta of femur-tibia IV straight and bladelike ( Figure 11M–N ). Male:

intercoxa IV area with eight pairs of setae, first pair of setae posterior to sternal plate short to minute; sternogenital setae long, first pair extending to or beyond level of second pair of setae

( Figure 12C ); proximal antero- and posterodorsal setae of femur IV long, subequal in length

( Figure 12L ) ( Herrin and Tipton 1975). Nymphs: similar to males with regard to above features,

except by ontogenetic differences ( Deunff et al. 2011) ( Figure 13A–N ). Deutonymph female has 13 pairs setae on intercoxal IV area, including adanal pair, and five pairs of hysteronotal setae (one pair poststigmal setae and four pairs opisthosomal setae) and plus one unpaired seta on caudal dorsum. Deutonymph male has eight pairs setae on intercoxal IV area, including adanal pair, two pairs hysteronotal setae (one pair poststigmal setae and one pair opisthosomal setae) and plus one unpaired seta on caudal dorsum (similar to adult male). Protonymph has pairs of hysteronotal setae and caudal dorsum similar to deutonymph male.

Remarks — This is the first record of P. iheringi on bats Ar. planirostris , Ca. perspicillata ,

Ch. doriae and Pl. lineatus from Minas Gerais. The species is oligoxenous, associated with numerous phyllostomid bats, especially with Sternodermatini bats ( Herrin and Tipton 1975),

and closely related to P. ojastii Machado-Allison, 1964 . They share pronounced shoulders on the anterolateral outline of the dorsal plate and similarly shaped sternal and sternogenital plates, and posteroventral setae of femur-tibia IV are straight and bladelike in females ( Herrin and Tipton 1975 ; Morales-Malacara 2001). They may be distinguished by the presence of a small central pair of foveae in P. iheringi associated with a longitudinal medial keel, the end of which is joined with the anterocentral unpaired fovea, such that it looks like an arrow

(vs. absent in P. ojastii ), Pnl are very small (vs. Pnl -Pn5). In both sexes distance between the first and second pairs is distinctly greater than that between the second and third P (. vs ojastii .

the distance between the first and second pairs of podosomal setae is distinctly less than the distance between the second and third pairs). Morphological characters of examined specimens match original description and re-descriptions ( Rudnick 1960 ; Herrin and Tipton 1975 ; Furman

1966).

In our bGMYC species delimitation analyses ( Figure 2 ), 25 haplotypes (5, 38 to 61) out of 29 sequences from individuals morphologically assigned to P. iheringi were recovered split into three well supported species (pp>95%). The first putative species hereinafter referred to as P. iheringi A includes haplotypes 5, 46 to 61 and the second, as P. iheringi B, includes haplotypes 44 to 45 and third, as P. iheringi C includes haplotypes 38 to 45.

On other hand, the posterior probability of including all mites identified morphologically as P. iheringi in a single species is less than 50%, suggesting P. iheringi as a species complex.

Interesting, when we turn to hosts: P. iheringi A was found on Artibeus planirostris Artibeus lituratus and Carollia perspicillata ; P. iheringi B was found on Artibeus planirostris and Art.

lituratus ; and P. iheringi C was found on Art. lituratus , Platyrrhinus lineatus and Chiroderma doriae . Hence, all clades of P. iheringi were found on Artibeus lituratus .

Figures

Figure 2 Mitochondrial COI haplotype ultrametric tree inferred in BEAST using strict clock and species delimitation probabilities obtained in bGMYC.

Figure 11 Periglischrus iheringi, female. A – General view; B – Mediodistal lobe of palpal tibia indicated in red arrow; C – Dorsal plate with proteronotal setae (Pn1–Pn5) and poststigmal seta (Pst) indicated; D – Dorsal opisthosoma with hysteronotal setae (Op3–Op6) indicated in red arrow; E and F – Sternal plate with sternal setae (St1–St4); G – Proximal anterodorsal (ad) seta on femur–tibia I; H – Distal posteroventral (pv)

Figure 12 Periglischrus iheringi, male. A – General view; B – Dorsal view with proteronotal setae (Pn1–Pn5) and poststigmal seta (Pst) indicated; C – Ventral view with sternogenital setaeSt(1–St4) and genital seta (Sg) indicated; D – Ventral setae on legs I and II with details; E Details ventral setae on leg I; F – Details ventral setae on leg II; G – Coxa I with pv anddvsetae, indicated in red arrow; H – Femur–tibia I with proximal adsetae, indicated; I – Coxa II with posterolateral setapl () indicated; J – Femur II, proximaladandpdsetae, indicated; K – Proximal adandpdon tarsus III, indicated; L – Femur IV, proximaladandpdsetae, indicated; M – Genu IV, proximaladandpdsetae, indicated; N – Proximal adandpdon tarsus IV, indicated. Scale bars: A = 200 µm, B–D = 100 µm, E–N = 50 µm.

Figure 13 Periglischrus iheringi, protonymph. A – General view; B – Dorsal view; C – Ventral view; D – Ventral setae on legs I and II with details; E – Details ventral setae on leg I; F – Details ventral setae on leg II; G – Coxa I withpv anddvsetae, indicated; H – Femur–tibia I with proximal adsetae, indicated; I – Coxa II with posterolateral setapl () indicated; J – Femur II, proximaladandpdsetae, indicated; K – Proximal adandpdon tarsus III, indicated; L – Femur IV, proximaladandpdsetae, indicated; M – Genu IV, proximaladandpdsetae, indicated; N – Proximal adandpdon tarsus IV, indicated. Scale bars: A = 200 µm, B–D = 100 µm, E–N = 50 µm.