Canarium compressum Daly, Raharim. & Federman, 2015

Daly, Douglas C., Raharimampionona, Jeannie & Federman, Sarah, 2015, A revision of Canarium L. (Burseraceae) in Madagascar, Adansonia 37 (2), pp. 277-345 : 298-300

Canarium compressum Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov.

( Figs 8 ; 9 )

Small to large trees, stipules 5-13 mm long, lateral leaflet base truncate to slightly cordate, abaxial surface with scattered thick, appressed white hairs to 0.2 mm long, the fruit broadly oblong-ellipsoid or broadly slightly ovoid, distinguished from C. egregium Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. and C. pilicarpum Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. by the petiole usually longer (6.3-8 vs 1.8-6.8 mm), leaflet acumen long (10-30 vs 2-6(10) mm in the two others), the secondary veins subperpendicular to the midvein and often straight (vs spreading to arcuate), and inflorescence axes markedly compressed.

TYPUS. — Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina, Masoala Peninsula , coastal trail 1-2 km S of Ambanizana, 0-5 m elev., 15°38-39’S, 49°58’E, 2.I.1991, G. E. Schatz & G. Modeste 3117 (holo-, NY!; iso-, MO!, P[P00501658], TAN [not seen]) .

PARATYPI. — Madagascar. Antsiranana, Diana, Réserve Naturelle Intégrale de Tsaratanana , 500 m, 13°51’50”S, 48°50’53”E, 28.III.2000, P. Antilahimena et al. 434 ( MO) ; Diana, Nosy Be, Réserve Naturelle Intégrale Lokobe , 2 m, 13°24’26”S, 49°19’22”E, 08.II.2006, D. C. Daly, J.Raharimampionona R. Ranaivojaona & J. Hervais 13093 ( NY, TEF) , 5-100 m, 13°24’51”S, 48°18’20”E, 07.II.2006, D. C. Daly, J. Raharimampionona, R. Ranaivojaona, & J. Hervais 13090 ( NY, TEF) ; Diana, Ambilobe, Anaborano , Galoko Mountains , 300-400 m, 13°35’19”S, 48°42’33”E, 10.II.2006, D. C. Daly, J. Raharimampionona & R. Ranaivojaona 13097 ( NY, TEF) . Fianarantsoa, Ihorombe, Ivohibe, N limit of Réserve Spéciale d’Ivohibe , 900 m, 22°28’12”S, 46°57’36”E, 6.X.1997, C. Rakotovao, P.J.Rakotomalaza & N. Messmer 827 (G, MO, P, TAN) . Toamasina, Analanjirofo, Masoala Peninsula , S of Ambanizana, 0-100 m, 15°28’S, 49°58’E, 25.XII.1989, G. E. Schatz SGE 2919 ( MO, NY) ; near Baie d’Antogil , W of Anandrovola, 100-150 m, 11.IX.1957, Service Forestier 18238 ( MO, TEF [not seen]) ; Masoala Peninsula, Ambanizana, along Androka River , 0 m, 15°39’30”S, 49°57’30”E, VI.1993, M. L. Zjhra & J. Hutcheon 433 ( NY, P[P00501657]) .

DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Canarium compressum , sp. nov. is known from Ambanja in the Sambirano region to Maroantsetra and Ambanizana, found in forested stream-beds, forest on steep slopes with rock outcrops, and sublittoral forest in rocky soils, between 0-500 (900) m elevation.Known to flower Jan. and to fruit much of the year. E TYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the compressed inflorescence axes, particularly evident in fruit.

DESCRIPTION

Trees, reproductive size 8-28 m tall, to 60 cm diam, sometimes with low plank buttresses.Trunk angular.Outer bark pale gray (pinkish: Zjhra & Hutcheon 433), thick, with sparse lenticels, shed in thin, very large, very irregular plates pulling away acropetally from trunk. Resin clear. Leaves 19-40 (51) cm long, 4-6-jugate; petiole 6.3-8.3 cm (to 11 cm in Daly et al. 13090), petiole and rachis with sparse to scattered erect whitish hairs to 0.1 mm long and scattered snail-shaped glands, surface also with scattered elongate lenticels; stipules 6-14 mm from petiole insertion, 5-13 mm long, orbicular, usually with constricted base, surface with dense, flexuous, appressed, golden to ferrugineous hairs to 0.15 mm long, the scar (2) 3-6 mm long; basal petiolules 6-8 mm long, other laterals 4-10 mm long, terminal one 20-42 mm long, petiolules not canaliculate, lateral pulvinuli inconspicuous; basal leaflets 4.2-9 × 3.4-4.5 cm, broadly ovate, rarely orbicular, other laterals 7.5-18.5 × 4-7.5 cm, (oblong-) ovate, the terminal one 7-17.5 × 3.8-8.2 cm, (oblong-)ovate, leaflet apex gradually and broadly long-acuminate, the acumen 12-27 mm long, the base usually subsymmetrical, cordate to truncate; margin usually flat, leaflets chartaceous, drying dark brown, abaxial surface sometimes slightly glossy, adaxial surface usually glossy; secondary vein framework weakly brochidodromous, often some festooning, secondaries in 12-18 pairs, straight to spreading, spacing decreasing toward base and slightly toward apex, angle almost perpendicular, increasing toward the base; intercostal tertiaries opposite-alternate percurrent, some opposite-percurrent; quaternaries regular-polygonal; on abaxial side all veins narrowly prominent, the surface with scattered thick, appressed white hairs to 0.2 mm long; on adaxial side all veins narrowly prominent except midvein sunk in a groove, the surface glabrous or at base some short hairs as on abaxial side, also sometimes white pustules.Inflorescences 16.5-36 cm long, axes with flexuous to appressed ferrugineous hairs to 0.2 mm long and snail-shaped glands but mostly glabrescent on infructescence, also some elongate raised lenticels; on staminate inflorescences the secondary axes to 21 cm long, bracts c. 2 mm long, broadly ovate or broadly subulate; pedicel 1-1.5 mm long, cylindrical.Staminate flowers 3.4-4.4 mm long; calyx 1.3-2.2 × 2.7-3 mm overall, taller than the ovariodisk, greenish-beige, the lobes 0.5-0.9mm long, depressed-ovate with apex abruptly sharp-acuminate, slightly spreading; petals 3.4-3.8 × 3-3.4 mm, exposed part longer than calyx, broadly obovate, light yellowbeige, membranaceous; stamens 2.4-2.7 mm long, the anthers 1.25-1.4 mm long, lanceolate in dorsiventral and lateral views; ovariodisk 0.9-1.1 × 0.7-1.15 mm, slightly obovate, apex jagged. On pistillate inflorescences the secondary axes to 10 cm long, bracteoles 2.5-4.2 mm long, ovate, pedicel 1-2.2 × 1.5-1.8 mm. Pistillate flowers 6-8 mm long; calyx 3.8-4 × 5 mm overall, deeply cupular to slightly urceolate, taller than staminodes, reaching base of stigmas, the lobes 0.3-0.8 mm long, perdepressed-deltate, fleshy, adaxial surface with dense white appressed hairs to 0.1 mm long; petals c. 5.9 mm long, exposed part shorter than calyx, ovate, fleshy, slightly spread- ing; staminodes inserted on rim of a short hypanthium, the antesepalous staminodes 2.5 mm long with anthers 1.25 mm long, the antepetalous ones 2.1 mm long with anthers 1.1 mm long, the anthers oblong-lanceolate in dorsiventral view and lanceolate in lateral view; pistil 4.5 × 1.7 mm overall, the style 1 mm long and thick, the stigma 1 mm high, 3-lobed, pistil surface with dense ascending ferrugineous hairs to 0.15 mm long. Fruiting pedicel 3-7 × 3-4 mm, cylindrical, with sparse raised lenticels, fruiting calyx 5-6 mm long overall, patent to spreading, the lobes usually distinct, <2 mm long. Fruits 3.4- 3.8 × 2.5-2.6 cm, broadly oblong-ellipsoid or broadly slightly ovoid, the apex rounded to obtuse, the base rounded; surface with dense to sparse, relatively large round lenticels, usually raised, whitish, also with scattered descending to appressedretrorse white hairs to 0.25 mm long.

NOTES

Canarium compressum , sp. nov., C. egregium , sp. nov. and C.pilicarpum , sp. nov. all belong to a group of 10 species that all have relatively large, broad leaflets with truncate to slightly cordate base. On all three the leaflet abaxial pubescence is sparse to scattered or the surface glabrous, stipules not inserted at the petiole base and usually 5-13 mm long, and the secondary veins spreading to arcuate (vs subperpendicular). Canarium compressum , sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other two by the petiole usually longer (6.3-8 vs 1.8-6.8 mm), leaflet acumen long (10-30 vs 2-6(10) mm), secondary veins subperpendicular to the midvein (vs spreading to arcuate), and inflorescence axes markedly compressed.

Figures

FIG. 8. — Distributions of Canarium compressum Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov., C. pilicarpum Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov., and C. pulchrebracteatum Guillaumin.

FIG. 9. — Canarium compressum Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov.: A, flowering branchlet, with detail of leaflet (A’); B, shoot apex with stipule; C, petiole base with stipule; D, detail of inflorescence with bracts,bracteoles and bud; E, pistillate flower; F, pistillate flower with part of calyx and one petal removed; G, pistillate flower in longisection (left); pistil (center); longisection with pistil removed (right); H, portion of infructescence; A, D-G, Schatz 3117 (NY) and field photos by D. Daly of Daly et al. 13093. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, C, 5 mm; D-G, 3 mm; A’, not to scale.