Zischkaia chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, 2019

Nakahara, Shinichi, Zacca, Thamara, Dias, Fernando M. S., Dolibaina, Diego R., Xiao, Lei, Espeland, Marianne, Casagrande, Mirna M., Mielke, Olaf H. H., Lamas, Gerardo, Huertas, Blanca, Kleckner, Kaylin & Willmott, Keith R., 2019, Revision of the poorly known Neotropical butterfly genus Zischkaia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), with descriptions of nine new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 551, pp. 1-67 : 24-28

Zischkaia chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca , sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EBDD3929-4E74-48BE-B0F9-2FE17A9E0567

Figs 1 , 2 E–H, 4 C, 6 A–B, 12 E–F, 14

Zischkaia amalda – Lamas et al. 1991: 10 [misidentification]. — Lamas 1994: 165 [misidentification]. — Robbins et al. 1996: 232 [misidentification]. — Mielke et al. 2010: 291 [misidentification].

Diagnosis

Zischkaia chullachaki sp. nov. is similar to Z. baku sp. nov., but is distinguishable based on posterior projection of tegumen being curved in lateral view (posterior projection of tegumen is rather straight in Z. baku sp. nov.); posterior projection of tegumen narrow in dorsal view (posterior projection of tegumen rather broad in dorsal view in Z. baku sp. nov.); winglet of aedeagus reduced, almost absent (winglet of aedeagus prominent, clearly visible in Z. baku sp. nov.); sclerotized tube reduced, almost

invisible in lateral view in Z. chullachaki sp. nov. (sclerotized tube about half the length of ductus bursae in Z. baku sp. nov.).

Etymology

The specific epithet is derived from a mythological creature, Chullachaki, a ‘forest guardian’ known from the Peruvian and Brazilian jungle, in reference to this species known from the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon. This specific epithet is regarded as a Latinized masuculine noun in apposition.

Type material examined

Holotype

BRAZIL • ♂; “// 8-10-IX-2004, Reserva Humaitá, Porto Acre , Acre, 200 m, O. Mielke & Casagrande leg. //DZ 37.009 //BC-DZ Willmott 230 //”; DZUP.

Paratypes (46 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀)

BRAZIL – Acre • 1 ♂; 50 km NW of Bujari; [9°32′53″ S, 68°18′9″ W]; 200 m; O.H.H Mielke and M.M. Casagrande leg.; 10–12 Sep. 2004; DZ-36758 ; DZUP • 1 ♂; 6.4 km E Santa Rosa do Purus; [9°28′39″ S, 70°26′58″ W]; 3–4 Aug. 2008; O.H.H. Mielke and E. Carneiro leg.; DZ-37043 ; DZUP • 1 ♂; Assis Brasil, Estação Ecológica do Alto Acre ; [11°3′ S, 70°16′ W]; 300 m; 26 Aug. 2005; K.S. Brown leg.; ZUEC • 4 ♂♂; Porto Acre, Reserva Humaitá ; [9°45′18″ S, 67°36′50″ W]; 200 m; 8–10 Sep. 2004; O.H.H. Mielke and M.M. Casagrande leg.; DZ-21235 , DZ-21620 , DZ-36578 , DZ-36848 ; DZUP .

PERU – Madre de Dios • 2 ♂♂; 0–2 km W of Puerto Maldonado; [12°36′12″ S, 69°12′32″ W]; 14 Aug. 1981; L.D. Miller; FLMNH-MGCL-1036033 , FLMNH-MGCL-1036034 ; FLMNH • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 16 Aug. 1981; FLMNH-MGCL-1036035; FLMNH • 1 ♂; Boca Río La Torre ; [12°50′ S, 69°17′ W]; 300 m; 24 Oct. 1983; G. Lamas leg.; MUSM-LEP-105641 ; MUSM • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding but 24 Sep. 1981; MUSM-LEP-105651; MUSM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 26 Sep. 1981; MUSM-LEP-105642 ; MUSM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 27 Sep. 1981; MUSM-LEP-105640 ; MUSM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 30 Nov. 1979; MUSM-LEP-105643 ; MUSM • 1 ♂; Cerro Pantiacolla , E slope, 5–6 km ENE of Shintuya; [12°39′53″ S, 71°13′8″ W]; 15 Aug. 1980; J.F. Douglass leg.; FLMNH-MGCL-1036036; FLMNH • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 19 Aug. 1980; FLMNH-MGCL-1036037 ; FLMNH • 1 ♂; Los Amigos Biological Station ; [12°34′2″ S, 70°5′56″ W]; 250 m; 23 Oct. 2005; C. Peña; MUSM-LEP-105649 ; MUSM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 3 Oct. 2005; MUSM-LEP-105650 ; MUSM • 1 ♂; Parque Manu, Pakitza ; [11°55′48″ S, 71°15′18″ W]; 340 m; 10 Oct. 1991; R.K. Robbins leg.; MUSM-LEP-105648; MUSM • 1 ♀; Parque Manu, Pakitza ; [11°55′48″ S, 71°15′18″ W]; 340-400 m; 1 Oct. 1991; M. Casagrande leg.; DZ-37003 ; DZUP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 11 Oct. 1991; DZ-36733 ; DZUP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 13 Oct. 1991; DZ-21228 ; DZUP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 28 Sep. 1991; DZ-37023 ; DZUP • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding but 30 Sep. 1991; DZ-36508 ; DZUP • 1 ♂; (same collection data as for preceding but 30 Sep. 1991; Häuser leg.; DZ-36783 ; DZUP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 14 Oct. 1991; G. Lamas leg.; DZ-37033 ; DZUP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 27 Sep. 1991; DZ-36983 ; DZUP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 28 Sep. 1991; DZ-36993 ; DZUP • 2 ♂♂ same collection data as for preceding but 10 Oct. 1991, Mielke leg.; DZ-36608 , DZ-36793 ; DZUP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 26 Sep. 1991; DZ-36763 ; DZUP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 27 Sep. 1991; DZ-21627 ; DZUP • 4 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding but 4 Oct. 1991; DZ-36019 , DZ-36753 , DZ-36803 , DZ-37013 ; DZUP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 26 Sep. 1991; R.K. Robbins leg.; DZ-36743 ; DZUP • 1 ♂; Parque Manu, Pakitza; [11°55′48″ S, 71°15′18″ W]; 400 m; 23 Sep. 1989; D.J. Harvey leg.; USNM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 2 Oct. 1990; G. Lamas leg.; USNM • 1 ♂ same collection data as for preceding but 2 Oct. 1990; G. Lamas leg.; MUSM-LEP-105646 ; MUSM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 8 Oct. 1990; MUSM-LEP-105647 ; MUSM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 8–14 Sep. 1989; MUSM-LEP-105644 ; MUSM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 14 Sep. 1989; M.G. Pogue leg.; MUSM-LEP-105645 ; MUSM • 1 ♂; Albergue Pantiacolla , 12°39′ S, 71°14′ W, 400 m, 1 Nov. 2018; D. Bolt leg.; MUSM . – Puno • 2 ♂♂; Río Tambopata; [12°36′ S, 69°11′ W]; 270 m; 15 Jul. 1979; FLMNH-MGCL-1036038 to FLMNH-MGCL-1036039 ; FLMNH • 1 ♂; Río Tambopata, Z.R. Tambopata-Candamo ; [13°22′ S, 69°34′ W]; 270 m; 1 Jan.; FLMNH-MGCL-1036045 ; FLMNH • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 26 Aug. 1995; Cambridge University leg.; BMNH(E)-1718103 ; NHMUK • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding but 3 Sep. 1995; BMNH(E)-1718102 ; NHMUK.

Description

Male

FOREWING LENGTH. 23–25 mm (n = 28).

HEAD. Eyes naked, with grayish scales at base; frons brownish; post-genal area with lightly colored long hair-like scales and grayish scales; labial palpi first segment with whitish scales and light brown long hair-like scales ventrally; second segment length almost twice as great as eye depth and with brown and white scales laterally, dorsally mostly with brownish and whitish hair-like scales, ventrally with brownish long hair-like scales and white hair-like scales, about 3–4 times as long as segment width; third segment almost half of second segment in length and covered with brownish scales, ventrally with brownish hair-like scales, with slight patch of creamy-white scales laterally; antennae approximately two-fifth of forewing length, with ca 39–47 segments (n = 2), distal 13–15 segments composing club, club not prominent.

THORAX. Dorsally, laterally and ventrally scattered with grayish scales, and long multi-colored hair-like scales.

LEGS. Foreleg brownish, foretarsus longer than tibia and femur, tibia shorter than femur in length; midleg and hindleg with femur creamy white ventrally, tibia and tarsus grayish dorsally, whitish to ocher ventrally, tarsus and tibia spined ventrally, and a pair of tibial spurs at distal end of tibia.

ABDOMEN. Eighth tergite as stripe at base of eighth abdominal segment, in addition to presence of distal broader patch; eighth sternite divided into two patches.

WING VENATION. Basal half of forewing Subcosta swollen; base of Cubitus swollen; forewing recurrent vein absent; origin of M 2 towards M 1 than M 3; hindwing humeral developed.

WING SHAPE. Forewing subtriangular and appear elongated, apex angular, costal margin convex, outer margin slightly convex (almost straight), inner margin straight, but rounded towards thorax near base; hindwing slightly elongate, rounded, costal margin almost straight, angled towards thorax near base, outer margin slightly undulating, inner margin slightly concave near tornus, anal lobe convex, slightly round.

DORSAL FOREWING. Ground color grayish brown; prominent black androconial scales present in middle of DFW, from base to submedian region occupying the space between Radius and inner margin; trace of submarginal and marginal line visible.

DORSAL HINDWING. Ground color similar to forewing, black androconial scales present in discal cell and adjacent area, from M 1 to 2A; trace of submarginal and marginal line visible.

VENTRAL FOREWING. Ground color grayish chestnut brown; submedian line invisible; dark brown narrow median line extends from near costa to Cu 2 -2A, terminates within this cell, in slightly outward diagonal direction; concolorous undulating submarginal line extending from apex towards tornus, terminates around 2A; concolorous marginal line, narrower than submarginal line, extending from apex towards tornus, terminates around 2A; fringe dark brown.

VENTRAL HINDWING. Ground color similar to forewing; regular dark-brown submedian line almost straight, extending from costal to inner margin, curves inwards in 2A-3A; median line almost parallel to submedian line, concolorous, similar in width, passing origin of M 3, curved inwards after passing origin of M 3, and posterior end bent inwards in 2A-3A; undulating submarginal line extending from apex towards tornus, anterior end occasionally fused with submedian line near costa, posterior end slightly broadening and occasionally fused to submedian line in 2A-3A; marginal line, concolorous, slightly undulating along outer margin, narrower than submarginal line; submarginal ocelli from Rs to 2A, rounded, pupil as scattered silverish scales placed distally, black central spot ringed with orangish ring then with thin dark brownish indistinct ring; light purplish lilac coloration visible between submedian line and submarginal line when seen under lighting; fringe dark brownish.

GENITALIA ( Fig. 4C ). Tegumen rounded in lateral view, elongated posterior projection of tegumen developed, curved upwards in lateral view, apparently shorter than uncus, tapering posteriorly and hooked at terminal point, posterior end of ventral margin appearing as small projection; combination of ventral arms of tegumen and dorsal arms of saccus sinuous, broadens towards saccus; appendices angulares present, but somewhat reduced; saccus straight, similar to uncus in length; uncus long and narrow, sparsely with hair-like setae, curved in lateral view, rounded at terminal point forming small ‘bulb’; either side of base of uncus with hair-like setae; brachia similar to uncus in length and width, curved in lateral view, tapering posteriorly and crossing over each other near terminal point; fultura inferior (i.e., juxta) present; valva subtriangular in lateral view, apical process subtriangular, dorsal margin convexed, ventral margin concave, scarcely covered by hairy-like setae, costa developed and triangular, dorsal margin slightly sinuous; phallobase about two-fifth of phallus, rather straight; ductus ejaculatorius coming out higher than anterior end of coecum; aedeagus straight with manica covering about half, winglet present, distal opening located ventrally where vesica is visible.

Female

FW length 23 mm (n = 2).

Similar to male except as follows: foreleg whitish, foretarsus first and second subsegments fused; forewing appears slightly more rounded and broad, ground color of both wing surfaces paler; dorsal androconia absent.

FEMALE ABDOMEN AND GENITALIA ( Fig. 6 A–B): inter-segmental membrane between seventh and eighth tergite not pleated, but folded posteriorly of ostium bursae with its sclerotized region forming a ‘scooplike’ structure below lamella antevaginalis; lamella antevaginalis fused to lateral sclerotized plate of eighth abdominal segment; lateral plate of eighth abdominal segment expanding laterally with small spiracle at superior third; ductus bursae membranous with a half-ring strongly sclerotized at the median region; corpus bursae three times longer than ductus bursae, with paired signa ventrally occupying ⅔ its length.

Variation

The VHW ocellus in Rs-M 1 is variable in terms of size and presence.

Distribution ( Fig. 14 )

This species is known from the western Amazon basin (Junín, Puno and Madre de Dios, Peru, and Acre, Brazil).

Remarks

See relevant section of Z. arenisca sp. nov. regarding discussion on taxonomic status of Z. chullachaki sp. nov.

Figures

Fig. 1. Likelihood tree with the best log-likelihood score (-LnL = -2536.1613) given our data based on DNA ‘barcodes’, depicting Zischkaia as a well-supported clade. Support values are represented by SHaLRT/UF Bootstrap. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; NT = Neotype.

Fig. 2. Zischkaia “pacarus clade”, wing plate. A–B. Z. amalda (Weymer, 1911), lectotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. C–D. Z. arctoa Nakahara, sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (in RFC, collected in 1975), dorsal and ventral views. E–F. Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. G–H. Z. chullachaki sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 508), dorsal and ventral views. I–J. Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. K–L. Z. baku sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 404), dorsal and ventral views. M–N. Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. O–P. Z. arenisca sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (FLMNH-MGCL 297320), dorsal and ventral views. Q–R. Z. argyrosflecha Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. S–T. Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), neotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. U–V. Z. pacarus, ♀ (DZ 36. 909), dorsal and ventral views. W–X. Z. abanico Nakahara & Petit, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Fig. 4. Zischkaia “pacarus clade”, male genitalia. A. Z. amalda (Weymer, 1911), lectotype, ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (winglet on aedeagus shown inside rectangle) (Genitalic vial: SN-17- 21). B. Z. arctoa Nakahara, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: SN-17-9). C. Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 21. 235). D. Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 573). E. Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: SN-17-16). F. Z. argyrosflecha Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas, sp. nov. ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (two winglets on aedeagus shown inside rectangle) (Genitalic vial: M-9142 ♂, Lee D. Miller). G. Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 578). H. Z. abanico Nakahara & Petit, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: 575/19.07.2017, J. Lorenc-Brudecka, MZUJ).

Fig. 6. Zischkaia “pacarus clade”, female genitalia. A–B. Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial DZ 36. 508). C–D. Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 571). E–F. Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: SN-17-174). G–H. Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 731).

Fig. 12. Wing scales of Zischkaia Forster, 1964. A–C. Images of forewing androconial scales of Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), showing the presence of plumose androconial scales. D. Typical wing scales of Z. pacarus. E–F. Images of forewing androconial scales of Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., showing the presence of plumose androconial scales.

Fig. 14. Distribution maps for taxa of Zischkaia Forster, 1964.