Estheria magna ( Baranov, 1935 )

Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can & Li, He-Nan, 2019, Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species, Zootaxa 4603 (1), pp. 1-38 : 18-21

Estheria magna ( Baranov, 1935)

( Figs 10 , 22 , 34 , 46 , 62 , 71 , 82 , 88 , 101 , 116 )

Myiostoma magna Baranov, 1935: 557 . Type locality: Japan, Hokkaidō, Sapporo. Holotype ♀ (USNM) examined. References: Kolomiets (1973: 85; key); Kolomiets (1974: 138; notes); Crosskey (1976: 180; Oriental catalog); Richter & Farinets (1984: 161; first instar larva); Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 364; Palearctic catalog); Zhang et al. (2013: 139; checklist).

Diagnosis. Prementum 4–5 times as long as wide; palpi dark brown in male and dark except for reddish-brown apex in female; 3 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; scutellum reddish-yellow in apical half; lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin; male legs black except for reddish-yellow median portion of tibiae and apices of femora; female legs reddish-yellow except for base of tibiae dark; abdominal tergite 3 with a pair of large dark brown markings in male, absent in female.

Redescription. Body length: 9.7–13.3 mm.

Male. Head with gray pruinosity, frontal vitta dark brown, lunule brown, gena reddish-brown, with thin pruinosity; first flagellomere black, base of pedicel and scape reddish-brown, arista brown; palpi dark brown, prementum gleaming black. Frons about 1/15 of head width, widened anteriorly; frontal vitta linear at narrowest point; fronto-orbital plate with black hairs, parafacialia bare, 3–4 times as wide as 1 st flagellomere ; facial carina developed and flattened in lateral view; gena about 0.44 of eye height; lower margin of face not protruding forward. Inner vertical seta slender, hair-like; outer vertical seta hair-like, about as long as postocular setae; 10–12 inclinate frontal setae; orbital seta absent; ocellar setae stronger than frontal setae; vibrissa inserted above lower margin of face; upper occiput without black hairs below postocular setae. Antenna shorter than palpus and falling short of lower margin of face by more than antennal length; 1 st flagellomere about 1.5 times as long as pedicel; arista, including plumosity, more than twice as wide as first flagellomere; prementum 4–5 times as long as wide.

Thorax black, covered with gray pruinosity; dorsum with 4 longitudinal black vittae extending back to anterior half of postsutural scutum, narrower inner vitta about 1/4 width ofpruinose portion between inner and outer vittae; scutellum reddish-yellow except for dark base; pleura covered with gray pruinosity; anterior and posterior spiracles brown. Prosternum bare, about 3 times as long as wide; proepisternum bare; postpronotal lobe with 5 setae, 3 of which arranged nearly in a triangle; 2 presutural and 2–3 postsutural acrostichal setae; 3 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 2 postsutural intra-alar setae; 3–4 supra-alar setae; 3 katepisternal setae. Wing brownish, hyaline, veins brown; tegula and basicosta dark brown; halters yellow; lower calypter yellowish, with long fringe on outer margin. Costal spine absent; second costal sector bare ventrally; relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately 1.2:2.6:1; vein M at bend nearly right-angled, with an appendage shorter than crossvein r-m; vein M from crossvein dM-Cu to bend about as long as distance between bend and wing margin; cell r 4+5 open. Legs black except for reddish-yellow median portion of tibiae and apices of femora, pulvilli yellowish; fore tibia with a row of short anterodorsal setae on basal 2/3 and 2 median posterior setae; fore claws and pulvilli slightly longer than 5th tarsomere; mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal, 2–4 posterodorsal and 1 ventral setae; hind tibia with 2–3 anteroventral, 4–5 anterodorsal and 4–5 posterodorsal setae on basal 3/5, 2 apical dorsal and 1 apical anteroventral setae.

Abdomen ovate, reddish-brown except for dark median vitta, densely covered with grayish-white pruinosity, with dense and long black hairs on tergites and a pair of large brown spots on tergite 3; tergite 4 with or without a pair of small brown spots. Syntergite 1+2 medially excavated to posterior margin, with 2 lateral marginal setae, without median marginal setae; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 1–2 lateral marginal setae and usually 2 median discal setae; tergite 4 with a row of marginal setae and 2 discal setae, tergite 5 with rows of marginal and discal setae. Sternite 1 hairy. Male terminalia ( Figs. 10 , 22 , 34 , 46 ). Sternite 5 wide, posterior lobe short and blunt, rounded apically, V-shaped median cleft wide and deep. Apical half of cerci narrow and pointed, short in caudal view, and bent backward in apical 1/3; surstylus wide and slightly blunt at apex; pregonite short, bent apically; postgonite about as long as basiphallus; distiphallus long, plate-like, with some spinules on ventral surface, sclerotized basal part longer than membranous apical part; ejaculatory apodeme large.

Female. As male, except as follows: palpus dark except for reddish-brown apex. Frons more than 1/3 of head width; frontal vitta about as wide as fronto-orbital plate at middle; parafacial about 4 times as wide as 1 st flagellomere and gena 0.6–0.7 of eye height; 7–8 inclinate frontal setae, 2 proclinate orbital setae, 1 lateroclinate prevertical seta; arista, including plumosity, 3–4 times as wide as 1 st flagellomere . Veins of wing yellow; second costal sector bare or hairy ventrally; legs reddish-yellow except for base of tibiae dark; fore claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere; lowest anterodorsal seta of fore tibia distinct, strong. Abdomen black, ovate, densely covered with gray pruinosity, without brown spots.

Type material examined. Holotype ♀: Japan, Hokkaido, Sapporo , 7.?.1923, S. Takano leg. ( NMNH).

Other material examined. China, Gansu: 1 ♂, Lanzhou, Yuzhong, Mt. Xinglong , 2100–2300 m, 19.VII.2009, Y.-Y. Zhou leg. ( SYNU) . Guangdong: 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Lechang, Jiufeng , 28.X.1983, Z.-K. Liang leg. ( SYNU) . Guangxi: 1 ♂, Defu, Napo , 1300 m, 16.VIII.1998, T.-L. He leg. ( SYNU) . Guizhou: 1 ♀, Tongren, Fanjing Mountains , 1288 m, 10.IX.1998, Y.-S. Cui & H.-W. Chen leg. ( SYNU) . Henan: 1 ♀, Lushi , 28.VI.2008, M.-L. Sheng leg. ( SYNU) ; 4 ♂♂, Jiyuan, Huangjianshu Forest Center, 800–960 m, N35.03° E112.01°, 25–29.V.2016, H.- N. Li & H.-C. Liang leg. ( SYNU) . Inner Mongolia: 1 ♂, Xi Ujimqin Qi , 1.VIII.1971, Y.-S. Shi leg. ( IZCAS) . Jilin: 4 ♂♂, Jian , 12.VIII.1983, X.-L. Jing leg. ( IZCAS) ; 1 ♀, Antu, Changbai Mountains , 1.VIII.1981, W.-Q. Xue leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♀, same as previous except date, 22.VIII.1985, J.-M. Yang leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, same as previous except 20.VIII.2010, C. Fu & Y.-Y. Zhou leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀, same as previous except 1–19.VIII.2011, B.-Z. Ren leg. ( NEU) ; 1 ♀, S Changbai Mountains , 900–1750 m, 11.VIII.2004, C.-T. Zhang leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Wangqing county, Daxinggou , 2.IX.2005, M.-L. Sheng leg. ( SYNU) . Liaoning: 18 ♂♂, 112 ♀♀, Kuandian, Baishilazi Nature Reserve , 400–700 m, 18–20.VIII.2007, C.-T. Zhang, Z.-P. Ge, Zh.-Y. Yao, J. Hao, Y. Zhi & Y.-Q. Ni leg. ( SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, Fengcheng, Mt. Fenghuang , 100–240 m, 22.VIII.2007, C.-T. Zhang leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Benxi, Mt. Guanmen , 300–600 m, 14.VIII.2011, C.-T. Zhang leg. ( SYNU) ; 3 ♂♂, Qingyuan, Huangdaigou , 500–700 m, N 41.83° E124.92°, 5.VIII.2016, C-T. Zhang, H.-C. Liang & Q. Sun leg. ( SYNU) ; 11 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Xinbin, Gang Mountains , 600–1300 m, 2–4.VIII.2016 and 17–18.VIII.2016, C.-T. Zhang & H.-C. Liang leg. ( SYNU) . Ningxia: 1 ♂, Liupan Mountains , 1.IX.2006, J.-Y. Liu leg. ( SYNU) . Qinghai: 1 ♂, Xunhua, Mengda, Tianchi , 2100–2400 m, 28.VII.2009, Y.-Y. Zhou leg. ( SYNU) . Shaanxi: 2 ♂♂, Foping, Qinling Mountains, Donghetai , 1300–1440 m, 10–11.VIII.1973, X.-Z. Zhang leg. ( IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Ningshaan, Jiwozhi , 1800 m, 16.VIII.1973, [collector unknown], ( IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Changan, Nanwangtai , 19.VIII.1973, X.-Z. Zhang leg. ( IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Qinling Mountains, Mt. Tiantai , 3–4.IX.1999, M.-F. Wang leg. ( SYNU) . Sichuan: 1 ♂, Lixian , 1800 m, 4.VI.1963, X.-Z. Zhang leg. ( IZCAS) ; 3 ♂♂, JiuzhaiGou, Xueshangou , 3400 m, 31.VII.1993, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Jiuzhaigou, Tazhan , 2200 m, 1.VIII.1993, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Nanping, Erdaogou vil., 1690 m, 2.VIII.1993, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Tianquan Xian, Dayuxi , 1200 m, 31.VIII.1993, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Luding, Erlang Mountains , 1900–2930 m, 3.VII.2006, J.-Y. Liu leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Daocheng, Kasi , 2750–3000 m, 12.VII.2006, C.-T. Zhang leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Luding, Moxi, Nanmenguan village–suburb, 1920–2161 m, 9.VIII.2017, H.-C. Liang leg. ( SYNU) ; 6 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, Danba county, Maoniugu , 2888 m, N30.61° E101.69°, 11.VIII.2017, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li & H.-C. Liang leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Xiaojin county, Siguniang Mountains, Shuangqiao Gou , 2850–3700 m, 16.VIII.2017, H.-C. Liang leg. ( SYNU) . Taiwan: 1 ♂, Lo Fou Shan , 3520 feet, 1906, F. Muir leg. ( BPBM) ; 2 ♂♂, Alishan , 2400 m, 3–9.VII.1972, T.C. Maa leg. ( BPBM) ; 3 ♀♀, Alishan, Chiai Hsien , 2–3.X.1965, K. Kaneko leg. ( BPBM) ; 1 ♀, Chiai Hsien, Mt. Yuishan, Tatachiaanpu , 7.VII.1985, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 3 ♂♂, Ali-shan, Chun-shan, Chiai Hsien , 9.VII.1985, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 11 ♂♂, Ali-shan, 2400 m, Chia Hsien , 9–10.VIII.1985, S. Shinonaga leg. ( BLKU) ; 3 ♀♀, Huanshan, Chichiawanchi, Taichung Hsien , 6.XI.1985, K. Kanmiya leg. ( BLKU) . Xizang (= Tibet): 1 ♂, Zhangmu , 2200 m, 23.VI.1975, X.-Z. Zhang leg. ( IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Milin, Paizhen , 3800 m, 28.VII.1983, X.-Z. Zhang leg. ( IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Nielamu, Zhangmu, Youyiqiao , 1680–2230 m, 15.VIII.1984, X.-Z. Zhang leg. ( IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Yadong, Xiayadong, Asang village , 2835 m, 24.vi.2016, H.-B. Liang leg. ( IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Yadong , 9.VI.1977, J.-Y. Wu leg. ( SEMCAS) ; 1 ♀, Linzhi , 3000 m, 5.VIII.2003, M.-F. Wang leg. ( SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Linzi, Lulang , 3300–3400 m, 7.VIII.2013, 11.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li & P. Hou leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Médog , 1300–3000 m, 10.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang leg. ( SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Milin, Xuekagou , 2850–2900 m, 17.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang & X.-Y. Li leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Gongbujiangda , 3200–3500 m, 17.VIII.2013, Q. Wang leg. ( SYNU) . Yunnan: 1 ♂, Xishuangbanna, Mengsong , 26.IV.1958, X. Meng leg. ( IZCAS) ; 9 ♂♂, Xiaozhongdian , 2300–3200 m, 2–5.VIII.1984, S.-Y. Wang & R. Wang leg. ( IZCAS) ; 2 ♂♂, Lijiang, Ludian , 3200 m, 14–15.VIII.1984, C.-F. Li leg. ( IZCAS) ; 14 ♂♂, Wexi, Lidiping , 3100–3300 m, 14–15.VIII.1984, C. Li, S.-Y. Wang, R.-Q. Wang & J.-G. Fan leg. ( IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Dal, Cang Mountains , 2600 m, 30.VI.1987, X.-Z. Zhang leg. ( IZCAS) ; 1 ♀, Jingdong, Mts. Wuliang , 24.VIII.1990, S. Lin leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Dali , 2000 m, 1–5.IX.1993, R. Kano leg. ( BLKU) ; 6 ♂♂, Lijiang, Haishuihe , 2700 m, 28.VIII.1996, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Nujiang, Laowo , 2000–2400 m, 4–5.IX.1996, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Gaoligong Mountains, Hongqingshu , 2700 m, 6.V.2001, Y. Dong leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Gaoligong Mountains, Lushui, Pianma , 2400 m, 23.VI.2010, C. Fu leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Deqen, Meili Snow Mountains , 3200 m, 6.VII.2006, M.-F. Wang leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Lijiang, Yulong Snow Mountains , 3000 m, 23.VII.2008, S.-C. Bai leg. ( SYNU) ; 4 ♂♂, Deqen, Baima Snow Mountains , 4250 m, 28.VII.2008, S.-C. Bai, X.- D. Fei & S. Wang leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Xinping, Mt. Dahongshan , 900–1300 m, 28.VII.2010, Q. Wang leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Deqen, Yunling , 2600–2900 m, 27–31.V.2012, Q. Wang leg. ( SYNU) . Japan, Honshu: 1 ♀, Akita, Mt. Mitsugamori , S. Fukushi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Aomori, Oshima , 16.IX.1968 ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Nagadai, Mt. Iwaki , 1.VIII.1969, S. Fukushi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Nishimeya Riv. Anmon , 25.VIII.1971, S. Fukushi leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♀♀, Mt. Iwaki, Dake pasture, 30.VIII.1971, S. Fukushi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Yamanashi, Ashiyashi vil., 3.VIII.1973, S. Fukushi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Amomori, Owani, Mt. Ajgara , 25.VIII.1981, S. Fukushi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Nikko Nat. Park, Odashirogahara , 25.VIII.1982, T. Matsumura leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Tochigi, Nikko, Yumoto , 6.VIII.1982, T. Tanaka leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Akita, Lake Towada, Yasumiya , 14.IX.1983, S. Fukushi leg. ( BLKU) ; 3 ♂♂, Iwate, Waga-renpo , 9.IX.1988, T. Chiba leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Yamanashi, Nikkawa rindo, 1300 m, 20.VIII.1989, S. Shinonaga leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Gifu, Amou touge, 14.VIII.1995, T. Tachi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Aomori, Kansuizawa , 5.IX.1995, M. Sueyoshi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Kanagawa, Yamakita-cho, Nishitanzawa , 13.IX.1995, M. Sueyoshi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Aomori, Hirosaki city, Itinowatari Dass , 4.VIII.1996, M. Sueyoshi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Nagano, Hara vil., Ochiaibashi , 31.VIII.1996, M. Sueyoshi leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Yamanashi, Ashiyasu vil., Hirogawara , 19–20.VIII.1997, T. Tachi leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Niigata, Itoigavac Rengeapa , 16.VIII.1997 and 27.VII.1998, T. Tachi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Nagano, Yakokawa vil., 900 m, 24.VII.1998, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 6 ♂♂, Nagano, Yamonouchi Okushiga , 1300 m, 28.VII.1998, H. Shima & T. Tachi leg. ( BLKU) ; 22 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Nagano, Minamimaki vil., Mt. Yatsugadake , 1500 m, 30–31.VII.1998, H. Shima & T. Tachi leg. ( BLKU) . Kyushu: 1 ♂, Gokano-sho , Kumamoto, 23.VII.1966, K. Kanmiy leg. ( BLKU) ; 3 ♀♀, Mt. Yuwandake, Amami-Oshima , Kagoshima, 12.XI.1971, S. Shinonaga leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Yatsuno, Setouchi, Amami-Oshima , 15.X.1972, H. Suzuki leg. ( BLKU) ; Hokkaido: 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Teshio , 6.VIII.1980, H. Torikura leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Shiretoko Pen., Okepepu rindo, 12.VIII.1996, T. Tachi leg. ( BLKU) . Malaysia: 1 ♂, Pahang, Mt. Berinchang , 2110 m, n. forest, 15.III.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) . Nepal: 3 ♂♂, Bogara , 1700–2200 m, 21.IX.1971, A. Nakanishi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Pholchoki , 2762 m, 18–21.IX.1987, M. Limbu leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Bagmati, Mt. Pulchoki , 2760 m, 30.IX.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 4 ♂♂, Gandaki, Kaski, Dhampus to Pothana , 1760–2030 m, 7.X.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Gandaki Kaski, Ghandruk-Kyumrung , 1970– 1840 m, 10.X.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Gandaki, Kaski, Chomrong-Ghandruk , 2050– 1970 m, 14.X.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Solukhumbu, Jiri-Ban-dar , 1950–2150 m, 25.VII.1992, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Solukhumbu, Surke Chumoa , 2220–2715 m, 31.VII.1992, H. Shima & S. Shinonaga leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Solukhumbu, Chumoa-Lukia , 2715–2800 m, 3.VIII.1992, S. Shinonaga leg. ( BLKU) ; 12 ♂♂, Solukhumbu Dist., Chumoa to Namche Bazar , 2715–3400 m, 1.VIII.1992, H. Kurahashi & H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Solu Khunbu Namche Bazar 3400–3800 m, 2.VIII.1992, S. Shinonaga leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Chumoa to Lukula , 1715–2804 m, 3.VIII.1992, S. Shinonaga & H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Bamati, Mt. Pulchoki , 1540–2760 m, 6–7.VIII.1992, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Narayani Kathmandu to Hetauda, Tistung , 2030 m, 8.VIII.1992, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Makwanpur, Simbhanjyan , 2488 m, 8.VIII.1992, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Narayani, Kathmandu to Hetauda, Tistung , 2030 m, 8.VIII.1992, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Phulchouki , 2500 m, 1.XI.1992, H. Iwasa leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Kamishihoro T. Mitsumita , 17.IX.1993, A. Kuromoto leg. ( BLKU) . Pakistan: 1 ♂, Kalam , 1800 m, village, 9.VIII.1987, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, NWF Prov., Kawai-Dasu , 1200 m, 22.VII.1987, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 6 ♂♂, NW Front Prov., Nathiagali , 2200–2400 m, 5–30.VII.1988, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) . Philippines: 1 ♂, Mt. Province, Mayoyao , Ifugao, 1200–1500 m, 19–21.VII.1966, H. Torrevillas leg. ( BPBM) . Thailand: 1 ♀, N. Thailand, Doi Pui , 1865 m, 17.VI.1965, S. Asahina leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, C. Chiang Mai, Doi Pui , 1685 m, 16.IX.1975 and 1.VII.1988, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Babusar, 30 km S. Chilas , 3000 m, 5.VIII.1987, S. Shinonaga leg. ( BLKU) . Vietnam: 1 ♀, Dalat , 1650 m, 11.IX.1960, J.L. Cressitt leg. ( BPBM) ; 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Lai Chau Prov., Mt. Phang Si Pang, N. Ridge , 1750 m, 3–8.X.1995, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) .

Hosts. Coleoptera , Scarabaeidae : Mimela testaceipes (Motchulsky) or Anomala sp. ( Shima 2006: 31).

Distribution. China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan), India, Japan (Hokkaidō, Honshū, Shikoku, Kyūshū), Malaysia *, Nepal, Pakistan *, Thailand, Vietnam *.

Remarks. This species is one of six species with parafacialia bare, inner vertical setae hair-like, developed facial carina, lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin, abdomen dark brown, the others being E. flavipennis , E. litoralis , E. prostata sp. nov., E. tibetensis sp. nov. and E. wangi sp. nov. Within this group of species, E. magna , E. flavipennis , E. litoralis (Rondani) and E. wangi sp. nov. are the only four with 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae and scutellum reddish-yellow at apex, but E. magna differs from the other three species in having a larger body, prementum short, and abdominal tergite 3 with a pair of large brown markings in male.

Figures

FIGURES 1–12. Male terminalia of Estheria spp. in caudal view. 1. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Geka-Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 2. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Gezan, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 3. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Geka- Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 4. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Napahai wetland, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 5. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 6. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 7. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 8. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 9. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 10. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Mt. Fenghuang, Fengcheng, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 11. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 12. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Kanas Lake, Burqin, Xinjiang, China (SEMCAS). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 13–24. Male terminalia of Estheria spp. in lateral view. 13. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Geka-Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 14. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Gezan, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 15. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Geka- Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 16. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Napahai wetland, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 17. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 18. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 19. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 20. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 21. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 22. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Mt. Fenghuang, Fengcheng, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 23. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 24. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Kanas Lake, Burqin, Xinjiang, China (SEMCAS). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 25–36. Estheria spp., phallic complexes in lateral view. 25. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Geka-Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 26. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Gezan, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 27. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Geka- Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 28. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Napahai wetland, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 29. E. acuta (Portschinsky), speciumen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 30. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 31. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 32. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 33. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 34. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Mt. Fenghuang, Fengcheng, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 35. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 36. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Kanas Lake, Burqin, Xinjiang, China (SEMCAS). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 37–52. Male terminalia of Estheria spp. 37–48, 52. Sternite 5 in ventral view. 49–50. Epandrial complex in caudal (49) and lateral (50) views. 51. Phallic complex in lateral view. 37. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Geka-Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 38. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Gezan, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 39. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Geka- Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 40. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Napahai wetland, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 41. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU); 42. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 43. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 44. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 45. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 46. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Mt. Fenghuang, Fengcheng, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 47. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 48. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Kanas Lake, Burqin, Xinjiang, China (SEMCAS). 49–52. E. picta (Meigen), specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 53–64. Estheria spp., male heads in anterior view. 53. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Solukhumbu District, Nepal (BLKU). 54. E. prostata sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 55. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 56. E. wangi sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 57. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 58. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 59. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 60. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 61. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 62. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 63. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 64. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Briançon, Nevache, France (SMNS).

FIGURES 65–73. Estheria spp., female heads in anterior view. 65. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Duoxiongla Mountain, Paizhen, Milin to Médog, Tibet, China (SYNU). 66. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Xuekagou, Milin, Tibet, China (SYNU). 67. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 68. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Xuekagou, Milin, Tibet, China (SYNU). 69. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 70. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Huanren, Laotudingzi Mountains, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 71. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 72. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Alashanzuo Qi, Helan Mountain, Halawu, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 73. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Briançon, Nevache, France (SMNS). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 65–66, 69–72); 1.0 mm (Figs 67–68, 73).

FIGURES 74–82. Estheria spp., heads in lateral view. 74, 78. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratypes, male (74)from Solukhumbu Dist., Nepal and female (78) from Duoxiongla Mountain, Paizhen, Milin to Médog, Tibet, China (SYNU). 75, 79. E. prostata sp. nov., holotype ♂ (75) and female paratype (79) from Xuekagou, Milin, Tibet, China (SYNU). 76, 80. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratypes, male (76) and female (80) from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 77, 81. E. wangi sp. nov., holotype ♂ (77) from Napahai, Shangri-La, Yunnan and female paratype (81) from Xuekagou, Milin, Tibet, China (SYNU). 82. E. magna (Baranov), female from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU).

FIGURES 83–91. Estheria spp., male heads in lateral view. 83. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 84. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 85. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 86. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 87. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 88. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 89. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Alashanzuo Qi, Helan Mountain, Halawu, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 90. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Briançon, Nevache, France (SMNS). 91. E. picta (Meigen), specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Figs 87–89); 1 mm (Figs 90–91).

FIGURES 92–106. Estheria spp., male habitus in dorsal (92–104) and lateral (106) view; head in anterior view (105). 92. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Solukhumbu District, Nepal (BLKU). 93. E. prostata sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 94. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 95. E. wangi sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 96. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 97. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden- Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 98. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 99. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 100. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 101. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 102. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Alashanzuo Qi, Helan Mountain, Halawu, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 103. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Briançon, Nevache, France (SMNS). 104–106. E. picta (Meigen), specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS).

FIGURES 107–118. Estheria spp., male habitus in lateral view. 107. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Solukhumbu District, Nepal (BLKU). 108. E. prostata sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 109. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 110. E. wangi sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 111. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 112. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 113. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 114. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 115. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 116. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 117. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Alashanzuo Qi, Helan Mountain, Halawu, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 118. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Briançon, Nevache, France (SMNS).