Estheria hirtinerva Zhang & Shima, 2019

Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can & Li, He-Nan, 2019, Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species, Zootaxa 4603 (1), pp. 1-38 : 5-7

Estheria hirtinerva Zhang & Shima , sp. nov.

( Figs 1 , 13 , 25 , 37 , 53 , 65 , 74, 78 , 92 , 107 )

Diagnosis. Frons about 1/15 of head width, prementum 5–6 times as long as wide; scutum with 2–3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; second costal sector setulose ventrally; lower calypter with short fringe on outer margin; syntergite 1+2 only excavated at base; tergites 3 and 4 with 2 pairs (male) and 1 pair (female) of median discal setae.

Description. Body length: 6.2–9.1 mm.

Male. Head with grayish-white pruinosity, frontal vitta brown black, lunule reddish-brown; antennae and palpus dark brown, prementum gleaming black. Eyes nearly bare, with fine micro hairs. Frons about 1/15 of head width, widened anteriorly; frontal vitta linear in middle-upper portion; fronto-orbital plate with fine black hairs; parafacialia bare, about twice as wide as first flagellomere; facial carina undeveloped, with an indistinct nipple-like protrusion on lower face; lower margin of face slightly protruding; gena 0.45–0.55 of eye height. Inner vertical seta slender, hair-like, shorter than ocellar setae, about 0.3–0.4 of eye height; ocellar setae as long as frontal setae, about 1/2 of eye height and as long as upper frontal seta; outer vertical seta hair-like; 8–11 inclinate frontal setae; facial ridge with 4–6 hair-like setae on lower 1/4. Vibrissa inserted above level of lower margin of face; a row of subvibrissae below vibrissa; upper occiput with 1–3 rows of black setulae below postocular setae. Antenna falling short of lower margin of face by about antennal length; first flagellomere 1.5–2.0 times as long as pedicel; arista, including plumosity, more than 2–2.5 times width of first flagellomere; palpus about as long as antenna, prementum 5–6 times as long as wide or 2/3–3/4 of eye height.

Thorax. Black, covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity; dorsum with 4 longitudinal black vittae; scutellum dark brown, with yellowish-gray pruinosity; pleura with gray pruinosity; anterior and posterior spiracles dark brown. Longitudinal black vittae extending to anterior half of postsutural scutum; narrower inner vitta about 1/3 of pruinose portion between inner and outer vittae; prosternum bare, about twice as long as wide; proepisternum bare; postpronotal lobe with 3–4 setae, the 3 strongest ones arranged in a triangle; scutum with 1–2 presutural and 1–2 postsutural acrostichal setae, 2–3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae, 2 postsutural intra-alar setae and 2–3 supra-alar setae; katepisternum with 3 setae; katepimeron hairy on anterior half; posterior lappet of posterior spiracle subcircular; scutellum with 3 pairs of marginal setae and 1 pair of discal setae. Wing. Hyaline, brownish, yellow at base; tegula and basicosta dark brown; halter reddish-yellow; lower calypter yellowish; costal spine absent or present, about as long as crossvein r-m; second costal sector with setulae ventrally; relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately as 1:2.4:1.3; vein M, from crossvein dM-Cu to bend, 1.2–1.4 times as long as distance between bend and wing margin; veins R 4+5 and M merged or narrowly open at wing margin; bend of M rounded, near right-angled, without an appendage or with a short appendage about as long as crossvein r-m. Lower calypter large and round, with short fringe on outer margin. Legs. Black, except mid tibia reddish-yellow and pulvilli yellowish. Fore tibia with a row of anterodorsal setae on basal 2/3 and 2 median posterior setae; fore claws longer than 5th tarsomere; mid tibia with 1–2 anterodorsal, 2 posterior and usually 1 ventral setae; hind tibia with 2 ventral setae in apical half, 3–5 median anterodorsal and 2–5 median posterodorsal setae.

Abdomen. Long, ovate, black, densely covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity, without brown spots on tergites 3 and 4. Syntergite 1+2 only excavated at base, with 1–2 lateral marginal setae, without median marginal setae; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 1–3 lateral marginal setae, usually 2 pairs of lateral discal setae and 2 pairs of median discal setae; tergite 4 with a row of marginal setae and usually 2 pairs of median discal setae; tergite 5 with a row of marginal setae and a row of discal setae. Terminalia ( Figs 1 , 13 , 25 , 37 ). Sternite 5 nearly quadrangular; posterior lobe wide, bluntly rounded apically; with V-shaped median cleft deep and wide medially. Cerci separated; cercus long and clearly curved anteriorly, with apical half narrow and pointed; surstylus wide and bluntly rounded at apex in caudal view; pregonite short and bent posteriorly; postgonite slightly shorter than basiphallus; distiphallus long, plate-like; sclerotized basal part of distiphallus about twice as long as membranous apical part; ejaculatory apodeme small.

Female. As male, except as follows: frons 0.34–0.38 of head width at narrowest point, frontal vitta about as wide as fronto-orbital plate, parafacial about 3 times as wide as first flagellomere; gena 0.62–0.80 of eye height; inner vertical seta stronger than ocellar setae, about twice as long as outer vertical seta; 5–7 inclinate frontal setae; 2 strong proclinate orbital setae and 1 lateroclinate prevertical seta; thorax and abdomen covered with yellowishgray pruinosity; all femora yellow except for dark apical 2/5 ventrally; all tibiae reddish-yellow in median portion and dark at base and apex; fore tibia with 2–3 anterodorsal setae; fore claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere; hind tibia with 2 anteroventral, 2–3 anterodorsal and 3–4 posterodorsal setae; abdomen broad ovate, without brown spots; tergites 3 to 5 each with a pair of discal setae.

Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: China: Sichuan prov., Daocheng county [in Chinese] / Geka-Echushan [in Chinese] / 2260-4100m / 2006.7.14 / C.-T. Zhang coll. [in Chinese] [printed white label] // Holotype [printed red label] // SYNU08757 [printed white label] // Estheria ♂ / hirtinervis / n. sp. [handwritten] / Zhang det., 2006 [printed] [white label] ( SYNU) .

PARATYPES. China, Sichuan: 1 ♂ [ IOZ(E)204687 ], Litang county , 4000 m, 5.VII.1982, S.-Y. Wang leg. ( IZCAS) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Jiuzhai Gou county, Xueshan Kou , 3400 m, 31.VII.1993, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Kangding Xian, Xingdu Qiao , 3700 m, 22.VIII.1993, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, same as previous except X. Liang leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, same as holotype except J.-Y. Liu leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kangding, Laoyulin to Zheduo Mountain , 3132–3231 m, N29.94° E101.96°, 10.VIII.2017, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li & H.-C. Liang leg. ( SYNU) . Tibet (= Xizang): 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Médog county, Duoxiongla Mountain , 3600–4200 m, 8.VIII.2003, M.-F. Wang leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Médog, Hanmi , 2150–3200 m, 9.VIII.2003, M.-F. Wang leg. ( SYNU) ; 29 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, Linzi, Linzi town , 3000–3400 m, 11.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li & H. Peng leg. ( SYNU) ; 26 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Linzi, Bayi town , 3000 m, 12.VIII.2013, Q. Wang leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Milin, Paizhen , 2850–3000 m, 13.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang & X.- Y. Li leg. ( SYNU) ; 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Milin county, Xuekagou , 2850–2900 m, 17.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang & X.-Y. Li leg. ( SYNU) ; 8 ♂♂, Milin, Paizhen to Médog highway, 3321 m, 7.VIII.2015, J. Yao leg. ( IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Bomi county, Zamu Town, Duodong Temple , 2857 m, 13.VIII.2015, J. Yao ( IZCAS) . Yunnan: 1 ♂, Lushui county, Pianma , 1750 m, 27.V.1981, S.-Y. Wang leg. ( IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Zhongdian, Xiaozhongdian , 3200 m, 2.VIII.1984, S.- Y. Wang leg. ( IZCAS) ; 5 ♂♂ [ IOZ(E) 204751 , 204754 ], Weixi, Lidiping , 3100–3400 m, 13–14.VIII.1984, S.-Y. Wang, R.-Q. Wang & C.-F. Li leg. ( IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Lushui, Pianma, Yakou , 3153 m, 10–11.VII.2009, S.-C. Bai leg. ( SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, Lijiang, Mingyin to Fengke , to Ninglang , Lugu Lake , 2751–3359 m, N27.57° E100.37°, 23.VII.2017, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li & H.-C. Liang leg. ( SYNU) . Nepal: 2 ♀♀, Dobang Kharka , 2400 m, 8.X.1971 and 19–20.X.1971, A. Nakanishi leg. ( BLKU) ; 3 ♂♂, Phulchoki , 2762 m, 18–21.IX.1987, M. Limbu leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Gandaki, Kaski, Kuldigar- Deurali , 2480–3190 m, 12.X.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Gandaki, Kaski, Chomrong-Chandruk , 2050– 1970 m, 14.X.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Solukhmbu Dist., Sete to Jumesi to Nunta , 27–28.VII.1992, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 12 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, Solukhumbu Dist., Surke to Chumoa , 2339–2715 m, 31.VII.1992, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) ; 5 ♂♂, Solukhumbu Dist., Chumoa to Namche Bazar , 2715–3400 m, 1.VIII.1992, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) .

Etymology. The specific epithet is taken from a character of this species, i.e., 2nd costal sector of wing setulose ventrally. It is derived from the Latin adjective hirtus (=setulose) and the Latin noun nervus (= wing vein).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), Nepal.

Remarks. This species differs from the other species of Estheria in having 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae, 2 postsutural intra-alar setae, 2nd costal sector setulose ventrally, and syntergite 1+2 only excavated at the base.

Figures

FIGURES 1–12. Male terminalia of Estheria spp. in caudal view. 1. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Geka-Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 2. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Gezan, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 3. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Geka- Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 4. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Napahai wetland, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 5. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 6. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 7. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 8. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 9. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 10. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Mt. Fenghuang, Fengcheng, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 11. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 12. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Kanas Lake, Burqin, Xinjiang, China (SEMCAS). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 13–24. Male terminalia of Estheria spp. in lateral view. 13. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Geka-Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 14. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Gezan, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 15. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Geka- Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 16. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Napahai wetland, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 17. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 18. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 19. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 20. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 21. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 22. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Mt. Fenghuang, Fengcheng, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 23. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 24. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Kanas Lake, Burqin, Xinjiang, China (SEMCAS). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 25–36. Estheria spp., phallic complexes in lateral view. 25. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Geka-Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 26. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Gezan, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 27. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Geka- Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 28. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Napahai wetland, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 29. E. acuta (Portschinsky), speciumen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 30. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 31. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 32. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 33. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 34. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Mt. Fenghuang, Fengcheng, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 35. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 36. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Kanas Lake, Burqin, Xinjiang, China (SEMCAS). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 37–52. Male terminalia of Estheria spp. 37–48, 52. Sternite 5 in ventral view. 49–50. Epandrial complex in caudal (49) and lateral (50) views. 51. Phallic complex in lateral view. 37. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Geka-Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 38. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Gezan, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 39. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Geka- Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 40. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Napahai wetland, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 41. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU); 42. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 43. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 44. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 45. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 46. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Mt. Fenghuang, Fengcheng, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 47. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 48. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Kanas Lake, Burqin, Xinjiang, China (SEMCAS). 49–52. E. picta (Meigen), specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 53–64. Estheria spp., male heads in anterior view. 53. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Solukhumbu District, Nepal (BLKU). 54. E. prostata sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 55. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 56. E. wangi sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 57. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 58. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 59. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 60. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 61. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 62. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 63. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 64. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Briançon, Nevache, France (SMNS).

FIGURES 65–73. Estheria spp., female heads in anterior view. 65. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Duoxiongla Mountain, Paizhen, Milin to Médog, Tibet, China (SYNU). 66. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Xuekagou, Milin, Tibet, China (SYNU). 67. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 68. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Xuekagou, Milin, Tibet, China (SYNU). 69. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 70. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Huanren, Laotudingzi Mountains, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 71. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 72. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Alashanzuo Qi, Helan Mountain, Halawu, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 73. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Briançon, Nevache, France (SMNS). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 65–66, 69–72); 1.0 mm (Figs 67–68, 73).

FIGURES 74–82. Estheria spp., heads in lateral view. 74, 78. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratypes, male (74)from Solukhumbu Dist., Nepal and female (78) from Duoxiongla Mountain, Paizhen, Milin to Médog, Tibet, China (SYNU). 75, 79. E. prostata sp. nov., holotype ♂ (75) and female paratype (79) from Xuekagou, Milin, Tibet, China (SYNU). 76, 80. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratypes, male (76) and female (80) from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 77, 81. E. wangi sp. nov., holotype ♂ (77) from Napahai, Shangri-La, Yunnan and female paratype (81) from Xuekagou, Milin, Tibet, China (SYNU). 82. E. magna (Baranov), female from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU).

FIGURES 92–106. Estheria spp., male habitus in dorsal (92–104) and lateral (106) view; head in anterior view (105). 92. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Solukhumbu District, Nepal (BLKU). 93. E. prostata sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 94. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 95. E. wangi sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 96. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 97. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden- Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 98. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 99. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 100. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 101. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 102. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Alashanzuo Qi, Helan Mountain, Halawu, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 103. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Briançon, Nevache, France (SMNS). 104–106. E. picta (Meigen), specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS).

FIGURES 107–118. Estheria spp., male habitus in lateral view. 107. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Solukhumbu District, Nepal (BLKU). 108. E. prostata sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 109. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 110. E. wangi sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 111. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 112. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 113. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 114. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 115. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 116. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 117. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Alashanzuo Qi, Helan Mountain, Halawu, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 118. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Briançon, Nevache, France (SMNS).