Cynopterus cf. brachyotis, SUNDA.

Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, PLoS ONE 12 (7), pp. 1-65 : 7-8

Cynopterus cf. brachyotis SUNDA. Pachysomabrachyotis Müller, 1838: 146 . DeweiRiver , central Kalimantan, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [ 63].

Cynopterusbrachyotis [ 23].

Cynopterus cf. brachyotis SUNDA [ 64]

Common English name: Sunda Short-nosed Fruit Bat

Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAA 9800 (20 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 2 )

Remarks: Campbell et al. [ 64] reported two distinct species under C. brachyotis sensu lato with a mean divergence of 8.3% in mtDNA (combined control region and cytochrome b) between them. The two species are commonly annotated as C. cf. brachyotis SUNDA and C. cf. brachyotis FOREST ( Fig 2 ). The SUNDA species is larger than the FOREST species with a longer forearm (> 64 mm) and is abundant in highly disturbed habitat (e.g. agricultural and suburban areas) but is absent in mature forests [ 11, 14, 64, 65].

It is unclear which species represents C. brachyotis sensu stricto despite the cryptic taxa being widely acknowledged (N Simmons, personal communication). Medway [ 23] recognised three subspecies of C. brachyotis in Peninsular Malaysia: (i) C. b. brachyotis found in lowlands and islands in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia, including Perak, and with a forearm length: 57–68 mm and an ear length: 14.5–18.5 mm; (ii) C. b. angulatus which intergrades with the nominal subspecies at the northern range and has a forearm length: 68–72 mm and an ear length: 18–22 mm; and (iii) C. b. altitudinus foundin the central highlands above 3, 000 ft from Gunung Brinchang, Pahang to Gunung Bunga Buah, Selangor, and with a forearm length: 60– 68 mm and an ear length: 18–21 mm. Athorough examination of all relevant types in this genus is required in order to correctly attribute currently existing Linnaean names.

IUCN status: As C. brachyotis: Least Concern

Recorded at: These records refer to C. brachyotis sensu lato, so may represent “SUNDA” or “FOREST”. Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [ 11, 41, 42], Pulau Tioman [ 23, 64], Merapoh [ 40],

Tasik Chini [ 43], Kuala Atok National Park [ 44], Gunung Brinchang [ 52], Lata Bujang Forest Reserve and Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [ 56], Cameron Highland [ 60], Kuala Lipis and Cherating [ 64]; Kedah: Pulau Langkawi [ 23], Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [ 57]; Pulau Pinang: Pulau Pinang [ 23]; Perak: Pulau Pangkor [ 23, 64], Temengor Forest Reserve [ 46, 47], Royal Belum State Park [ 48, 66], Bayor River-Rantau Panjang and Selama [ 49], Taping [ 64]; Terengganu: Pulau Redang [ 23], Pulau Perhentian [ 64]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [ 45]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [ 61], Gunung Reng, Gua Musang, and Lojing Highlands [ 62], Gunung Stong State Park [ 67]; Selangor: Ulu Gombak [ 5, 40, 52 – 54], Bukit Kemandul and Bukit Lanjan [ 40], Bangi Forest Reserve [ 41], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [ 51], Gunung Bunga Buah [ 52], Air Hitam Forest Reserve [ 55], Sungai Dusun [ 64]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [ 50], Perlis State Park and Kangar [ 64]; Johor: Endau-Kluang Forest Reserve and Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [ 56]; Melaka: Melaka town [ 64].

Figures

Fig 2. Neighbour-joining tree showing all available DNA barcodes for species in family Pteropodidae reported from Peninsular Malaysia. The percentage of pseudoreplicate trees (±70%) in which the DNA barcodes clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 pseudoreplicates) are shown above the branches. Abbreviation as follows: PM = Peninsular Malaysia, VN = Vietnam, JV = Java, Indonesia, BN = Borneo (including Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan), TH = Thailand, LA = Laos. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555.g002