Hipposideros diadema, (Geoffroy), 1813

Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, PLoS ONE 12 (7), pp. 1-65 : 23

Hipposideros diadema [Geoffroy, 1813]

Rhinolophus diadema Geoffroy, 1813: 263 , pls. 5, 6; Timor Island, INDONESIA (Péron and Lesueur, collector; MNHN 918) [ 127].

Hipposideros diadema [ 8].

Common English name: Diadem Roundleaf Bat

Barcode Index Number: BOLD:AAB8310 (7 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia;

Fig 4 )

Remarks: Murray et al. [ 125] compared specimens of H. diadema from Peninsular Malaysia and H. pelingensis from Kabaena Island, Southeast Sulawesi, and reportedthat the species have similar body size and were 2.7% divergent in ND2 mtDNA, although they did not observe H. diadema ’s distinctive white spots on H. pelingensis . In contrast, they reported that specimens of H. diadema from Peninsular Malaysia and the smaller H. diadema from Sulawesi are 8.5% divergent in ND2 mtDNA.

DNA barcodes recorded as H. diadema are associated with three BINs, BOLD:AAB8308, BOLD:AAB8309, and BOLD:AAB8310. Congruent with Murray et al. [ 125], the three BINs appear to correspond to geographical regions ( Fig 4 ). Four subspecies are recognised under H. diadema on the basis of morphological characters [ 128]: H. d. diadema (type locality: Timor Island, Indonesia), H. d. nobilis (type locality: Java, Indonesia), H. d. griseus (type locality: Luzon, Phillippine), H. d. masoni (type locality: Moulmein, Burma = Myanmar). It is likely that the taxon occurring in Peninsular Malaysia represents H. d. nobilis or H. d. masoni. However, further examination of specimens from several localities and examination of the type specimens is required to determine if the taxon in Peninsular Malaysia should be recognised as a distinct species and to assign a valid name. Consequently, we tentatively retained the name H. diadema in this checklist.

IUCN status: Least Concern

Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [ 11, 41, 42], Merapoh [ 40], Tasik Chini [ 43], Lata Bujang Forest Reserve and Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [ 56], Kemasul, Jengka, Kenong and Gunung Aais [ 100]; Selangor: Batu Caves [ 23], Bangi Forest Reserve [ 41], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [ 51], Ulu Gombak [ 52 – 54]; Pulau Pinang: Bukit Panchor [ 23, 100]; Kedah: Pulau Langkawi [ 23], Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [ 57]; Bukit Hijau [ 100]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [ 45]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [ 46 – 48], Royal Belum State Park [ 48, 66], Bayor River-Rantau Panjang [ 49], Temenggor Lake [ 69]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [ 50];

Johor: Endau-Kluang Forest Reserve [ 56], Gunung Panti and Labis Forest Reserve [ 100];

Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [ 61], Gua Musang [ 62], Gunung Stong State Park [ 100];

Melaka: Unspecified location [ 68]; Terengganu: Tasik Kenyir [ 69].

H. diadema has been reported roosting in limestone caves, in crevices of boulders, tree hollows and solitarily under the fronds of palms, in both primary and secondary forests [ 11, 14, 23].

Figures

Fig 4. Neighbour-joining tree showing all available DNA barcodes for species in family Hipposideridae reported from Peninsular Malaysia. The percentage of pseudoreplicate trees (±70%) in which the DNA barcodes clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 pseudoreplicates) are shown above the branches. Abbreviation as follows: PM = Peninsular Malaysia,VN = Vietnam, BN = Borneo (including Sabah & Sarawak of East Malaysia, Brunei and Kalimantan Indonesia), TH = Thailand, LA = Laos, SM = Sumatera Indonesia, CH = China, CM = Cambodia. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555.g004