Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823

Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, PLoS ONE 12 (7), pp. 1-65 : 28-30

Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823

Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823: 6 ; Java, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; BM(NH) 79.11.21.70, lectotype) [ 102].

Rhinolophus affinis superans Andersen, 1905: 104 ; Pahang, MALAYSIA (MNM, presenter; BM(NH) 1900.7.3.2) [ 147].

Common English name: Intermediate Horseshoe Bat

Barcode Index Number: BOLD:ACF0990 (8 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 5 ).

Remarks: DNA barcodes recorded as R. affinis are associated with five BINs, BOLD: AAA3811, BOLD:ACF0988, BOLD:ACF0989, BOLD:ACF0990, and BOLD:ACQ4437. DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia, Songkhla and Hala Bala (southern Thailand) comprise one BIN, BOLD:ACF0990 ( Fig 5 ).

Nine subspecies are recognised by Simmons [ 98]: R. a. affinis (type locality: Java), R. a. andamanensis (type locality: South Andaman island), R. a. himalayanus (type locality: Mussoorie, Kumaon Division, northern India), R. a. tener (type locality: Pegu Division = Bago, Myanmar), R. a. macrurus (type locality: Taho, Karennee, Kyah State, Myanmar), R. a. nesite (type locality: Bunguran Island, north Natunas, Indonesia), R. a. princeps (type locality: Lombok, Lesser Sunda Island), R. a. hainanus (type locality: Pouten, Hainan Island), and R. a. superans (type locality: Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia). Morphology (i.e. craniodental and baculum) and molecular (i.e. COI and D-loop regions mtDNA) characteristics provide support that the taxon occurring in Peninsular Malaysia is R. a. superans [ 148].

IUCN status: Least Concern

Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [ 11, 41, 42], Pulau Tioman [ 23, 79], Merapoh [ 40], Tasik Chini [ 43], National Park [ 44], Tasik Bera Forest Reserve, Fraser Hill Forest

Reserve and Lata Bujang Forest Reserve [ 56], Cameron Highland [ 60], Kuala Atok, Bukit Ibam, Kemasul, Jengka, Klau Besar, Kenong and Gunung Aais [ 100]; Terengganu: Pasir Raja, Dungun [ 15], Pulau Redang [ 23], Tasik Kenyir [ 69], Bukit Dendong [ 97], Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve [ 101]; Perak: Lenggong [ 23], Bukit Jerneh Cave and Tumang Lembing Cave [ 30], Temengor Forest Reserve [ 46 – 48], Royal Belum State Park [ 66], Temenggor Lake [ 69], Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve [ 100, 101]; Selangor: Batu Caves [ 23], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [ 51], Ulu Gombak [ 120]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [ 45], Gunung Angsi Forest Reserve [ 100, 101], Berembun Forest Reserve [ 101]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park, [ 50]; Johor: Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [ 56], Gunung Panti [ 100]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [ 57, 100], Bukit Hijau [ 100]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [ 61], Gunung Reng and Gua Musang [ 62], Gunung Stong State Park [ 67], Gunung Stong State Park [ 100]; Melaka: Unspecified [ 68]; Pulau Pinang: Bukit Panchor [ 100].

R. affinis inhabits both primary and secondary forests, and roosts in limestone caves [ 11, 14, 23].

Figures

Fig 5. Neighbour-joining tree showing all available DNA barcodes for species in family Rhinolophidae reported from Peninsular Malaysia. The percentage of pseudoreplicate trees (±70%) in which the DNA barcodes clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 pseudoreplicates) are shown above the branches. Abbreviation as follows: PM = Peninsular Malaysia,VN = Vietnam, BN = Borneo (including Sabah & Sarawak of East Malaysia, Brunei and Kalimantan Indonesia), TH = Thailand, LA = Laos, SM = Sumatera Indonesia, JV = Java Indonesia, IND = India, CH = China, CM = Cambodia,MN = Myanmar. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555.g005