Carassius carassius ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Çiçek, Erdoğan, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald & Seçer, Burak, 2023, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Türkiye; an annotated checklist, 2023, Turkish Journal of Zoology 47 (6), pp. 324-468 : 362-364

Carassius carassius ( Linnaeus, 1758) [I] ― Crucian carp/Kahverengi havuz balığı

Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinus carassius Linnaeus, 1758: 321 [European ponds; no types known]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020, 2022a). ― Turkish materials: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Trace region. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara. ― General distribution: Europe; widely introduced elsewhere. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace. ― Habitat: This species inhabits rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and ditches with stagnant or slow-flowing water. It occurs in eutrophic fresh and brackish waters, well-vegetated ponds, and canals. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. Locally commercially important.

Reasons of introduction. Unknown: Inadvertently introduced by transboundary waterways for no known reason or method.

Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).

Remarks. Carassius gibelio was previously misidentified in Türkiye as C. carassius . Therefore, distribution records in the previous studies in Anatolia are wrong. It is probable that this species will be found in Türkiye; an introduction from Trace region in Bulgaria and/or Greece may be expected.

Carassius gibelio ( Bloch, 1782) [I] ― Gibel carp/Çin sazanı-İsrail sazanı

Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinus gibelio Bloch, 1782: 71 , Pl. 12 [Olsche River pond, Odra River system, near Czech Teschen, 49°47′11″N, 18°35′24″E, Czech Republic; neotype: ZMB 33979 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Jawad et al. (2012) .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020, 2022a). ― Turkish materials: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Introduced to nearly all basins of Türkiye. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4-Kuzey Ege, 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes, 8-Batı Akdeniz, 9- Antalya, 10- Burdur, 11-Akarçay, 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 16- Konya, 17-Doğu Akdeniz, 18-Seyhan, 19-Asi, 20-Ceyhan, 21-Fırat-Dicle, 22-Doğu Karadeniz, 23-Çoruh, 24-Aras, 25- Van Lake. ― General distribution: Eurasia: Eastern Europe, Russia to northeastern China; introduced elsewhere. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia, 430-Northern Anatolia, 431-Central Anatolia, 432-Southern Anatolia, 433-Western Transcaucasia, 434- Kura - South Caspian Drainages, 437-Orontes, 441-Lower Tigris and Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates, 444-Lake Van. ― Habitat: This species inhabits rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and ditches with stagnant or slow-flowing water. It occurs in eutrophic fresh and brackish waters, well-vegetated ponds, and canals. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. Locally commercially important.

Reasons of introduction. Unknown: Inadvertently introduced by transboundary waterways for no known reason or method.

Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).

Remarks. May be conspecific with Carassius auratus .

Cyprinion kais Heckel, 1843 [N] ― Kais kingfish/ Beni balığı

Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinion kais Heckel, 1843a: 1066 (76) [Aleppo, Syria and Mosul, Iraq; lectotype: NMW 52803 (148.1 mm); lectotype selected by Banarescu and Herzig-Straschil (1995: 416)]. ― Synonyms: Cyprinion cypris Heckel, 1843 . ― Revisions: Bănărescu and Herzig-Straschil (1995: 416). ― Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 7, fig. 2).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Euphrates and Tigris river basins. ― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River systems ( Türkiye, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 441-Lower Tigris and Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species inhabits medium-sized and large rivers and streams. Known to inhabit canals but seem to be absent from reservoirs. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, EUT. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― No keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Cyprinion macrostomus Heckel, 1843 [N] ― Tigris kingfish/ Beni balığı

Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinion macrostomus Heckel, 1843a: 1065 (75) [Aleppo, Syria or Mosul, Iraq; lectotype: NMW 52805-1; lectotype selected by Banarescu and Herzig-Straschil (1995: 414)].― Synonyms: Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843 ; Cyprinion neglectus Heckel, 1847 . ― Revisions: Bănărescu and Herzig-Straschil (1995: 414). ― Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 7, fig. 1).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Euphrates and Tigris river basins. ― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River systems ( Türkiye, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 441-Lower Tigris and Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species inhabits medium-sized and large rivers and streams. Known to inhabit canals but seem to be absent from reservoirs. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023) as C. macrostomum . ― Threats: There are many threats in the area none strong enough to impact this species seriously. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― No keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Cyprinus auratus => Carassius auratus

Cyprinus carassius => Carassius carassius

Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 [N] ― Common carp/ Sazan

Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758: 320 [Europe; syntypes: BMNH 1853.11 .12.139 (1, skin)]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: Berg (1949: 831). ― Illustration: Berg (1949: 833, fig. 572) .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Widespread in all basins of Türkiye and translocated to newly constructed dams for fish enchantment. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4-Kuzey Ege, 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes, 8-Batı Akdeniz, 9- Antalya, 10- Burdur, 11-Akarçay, 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 16- Konya, 17-Doğu Akdeniz, 18-Seyhan, 19-Asi, 20-Ceyhan, 21-Fırat-Dicle, 22-Doğu Karadeniz, 23-Çoruh, 24-Aras, 25- Van Lake. ― General distribution: Western Europe (native to Black Sea basin, possibly also Caspian and Aral seas basins), widely introduced worldwide, also many multicolor varieties. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia, 430-Northern Anatolia, 431-Central Anatolia, 432-Southern Anatolia, 433-Western Transcaucasia, 434- Kura - South Caspian Drainages, 437-Orontes, 441-Lower Tigris and Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates, 444-Lake Van. ― Habitat: This species inhabits warm, deep, slow-flowing, and still waters, such as lowland rivers and large, well-vegetated lakes. Introduced in all types of water bodies. Spawns along shorelines or in backwaters. Successful survival of larvae is only possible in warm water among shallow submerged vegetation. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: VU (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, HAB. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Cyprinus gibelio => Carassius gibelio

Barbinae Bleeker, 1859 (barbels)

Barbus anatolicus Turan, Kaya, Geiger & Freyhof, 2018 [E] ― Barbel/Bıyıklı balık

Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus anatolicus Turan, Kaya, Geiger & Freyhof, 2018: 542 , figs. 2-4, 5a, 6a, 7 [Kızılırmak River at Kesikköprü, Kırşehir Province, Türkiye, 38°57′39″N, 34°11′57″E; holotype: FFR 08811 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Turan et al. (2018: 542, figs. 2) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Turan et al. (2018). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2018a, 2020). ― Turkish material: FFR.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak River drainages. ― Distribution in river basins: 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: southern Black Sea basin: Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak River drainages ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits streams and small rivers with fast, clear, and well-oxygenated water and gravel substrates. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Barbus barbulus => Luciobarbus barbulus

Barbus barbus ( Linnaeus, 1758) => not occurring in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2020)