Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu, 1988

Çiçek, Erdoğan, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald & Seçer, Burak, 2023, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Türkiye; an annotated checklist, 2023, Turkish Journal of Zoology 47 (6), pp. 324-468 : 334-340

Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu, 1988 [N] ― Tigris spined loach

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis elazigensis

Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu, 1988: 426, figs. 1-2 [Creek at Cip, drainage of Murat Nehri, tributary of Euphrates River, Elazig Province, Türkiye, 38°42′N, 39°05′E; holotype: NMC 85-0679A]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2018: 16). ― Illustration: Coad and Sarieyyüpoglu (1988: 426, figs. 1-2).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Coad and Sarieyyüpoglu (1988). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: NMC.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Euphrates River basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Upper Euphrates River basin in Türkiye, Iran, and Syria. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 441-Lower Tigris and Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species lives in streams and lakes with sand or fine gravel bottoms. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: This species seems to have a very large population in Atatürk Reservoir and its tributaries, and maybe reservoirs in Syria, where no threats are obvious. Elsewhere, it is locally found in lowland streams and small rivers where pollution and water abstraction are threats. The loss of stream populations is suspected to be balanced by reservoir populations. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Stable. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Cobitis emrei Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger, 2018 [E] ― Sapanca spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis emrei Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger, 2018: 52 , figs. 39-41 [Stream Kurtköy flowing to Lake Sapanca at Kurtköy, Adapazarı (Sakarya) Province, Türkiye, 40.713°N, 30.175°E; holotype: ZFMK ICH-099187]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2018: 52, figs. 39-41) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Freyhof et al. (2018) Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2018a, 2020). ― Turkish material: ZFMK.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Lake Sapanca basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 12- Sakarya. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Sapanca basin ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in streams with clear water and bottoms with sand or fine gravel. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Cobitis erkakanae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger, 2018 [E] ― Gölbasi spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis erkakanae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger, 2018: 55 , figs. 42-44 [River connecting Lakes Gölbaşı and Azaplı west of Gölbaşı, Adıyaman Province, Türkiye, 37.790°N, 37.626°E; holotype: ZFMK ICH-98958]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2018: 55, figs. 42-44) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Freyhof et al. (2018) Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2018a, 2020). ― Turkish material: ZFMK.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Gölbaşı lakes basin, Adıyaman. ― Distribution in river basins: 20-Ceyhan. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Gölbaşı lakes basin ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in streams with clear water and bottoms with sand or fine gravel. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Cobitis evreni Erk’akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008 [E] ― Ceyhan spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis evreni Erk’akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008: 112, figs. 1-2 [ Kömür Stream - Göksun-Kahramanmaraş , Türkiye, 38°00′52.24″N, 36°30′31.11″E; holotype: HUIC-CEY-2]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Erk’akan et al. (2008: 112, figs. 1-2) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Erk’akan et al. (2008). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: HUIC.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Kömür Stream.― Distribution in river basins: 20-Ceyhan. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: middle Ceyhan River basin (Mediterranean tributary), Kahramanmaraş Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in flowing waters with a gravel or sand bottom. Not known to inhabit reservoirs. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: EN. ― IUCN: EN (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CON, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― High priority for conservation action.

Cobitis fahireae Erk’akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998 [E] ― Aegean spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis fahireae Erk’akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998: 10, figs. 2A-E [Küçük Menderes River, Selçuk-Aydın, Türkiye. holotype: HUIC uncat]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: Cobitis vardarensis fahireae Erk’akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998; Cobitis fahireae Erk’akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998; Cobitis damlae Erk’akan & Özdemir 2014. ― Illustration: Erk’akan et al. (1998: 10, figs. 2A-E).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Erk’akan et al. (1998). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: HUIC.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Eagean Sea watershead basins. ― Distribution in river basins: 4-Kuzey Ege, 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes, 8-Batı Akdeniz. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: eastern Aegean Sea basin ( Türkiye).― Distribution in ecoregions: 429-Western Anatolia, 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives ubiquitously and is found in rivers, lakes, and lake tributaries. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: LC. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― High priority for conservation action.

Cobitis fusunae => Cobitis joergbohleni

Cobitis indus Eagderi, Seçer & Freyhof, 2022 [E] ― Spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis indus Eagderi, Seçer & Freyhof, 2022: 414 , figs. 2-5 [Dalaman River at Alci, Denizli Province, Türkiye, 37.1476°N, 29.1876°E; holotype: NHVUIC 1708 -H]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Eagderi et al. (2022: 414, figs. 2-5) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Eagderi et al. (2022). ― Turkish material: NHVUIC.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Middle Dalaman River drainage. ― Distribution in river basins: 8-Batı Akdeniz. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: middle Dalaman River drainage, Türkiye. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 429-Western Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in streams with clear water and bottoms with sand or fine gravel. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Cobitis joergbohleni Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger, 2018 [E] ― Sultan spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis joergbohleni Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger, 2018: 58 , figs. 45-47 [Spring Soysallı, about 1 km north of Soysallı, Kayseri Province, Türkiye, 38.390°N, 35.365°E: holotype: ZFMK ICH-97624]. ― Synonyms: Cobitis fusunae Özdemir, 2019 . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2018: 58, figs. 45-47).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Freyhof et al. (2018) Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2018a, 2020). ― Turkish material: ZFMK.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Sultan Marsh.― Distribution in river basins: 15-Kızılırmak. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Sultan Sazlığı ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in springs, streams, and lakes with clear water and bottoms with sand or fine gravel. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Suggested as CR by Sungur et al. (2023a). ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: ABS, CON, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― High priority for conservation action.

Cobitis kellei Erk’akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998 [E] ― Diyarbakır spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis kellei Erk’akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998: 10, figs. 1 A-E [Göksu Stream, Tigris catchment, Çınar, Diyarbakır, Türkiye. holotype: ISBB 4682]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Erk’akan et al. (1998: 10, figs. 1 A-E).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Erk’akan et al. (1998). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: ISBB.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Göksu watershed, Tigris River Basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Göksu River drainage, upper Tigris River (Dicle Nehri) basin (Persian Gulf tributary), Diyarbakιr Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species was described from a small lowland stream. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: CR. ― IUCN: CR (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CON, EUT, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Remarks. Cobitis kellei has never been studied and recollected live since description; therefore, it is still unknown wether it is living or not. Attempts to recollect the species from the type locality given in Erk’akan et al. (1998) have been unsuccessful up to date (Freyhof et al., 2018). The status of the species should be clarified by field specimens.

Cobitis kurui => Cobitis fahireae

Cobitis levantina Krupp & Moubayed, 1992 => not occurring in Türkiye (see Table 1 ).

Cobitis phrygica Battalgil, 1944 [E] ― Phrygian spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis phrygica Battalgil, 1944: 300 , figs. 1-2 [Afyonkarahisar Province, Lake Acı, western central Türkiye; no types known. Author also seen as Battalgazi]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Battalgil (1944: 300, figs. 1-2).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Battalgil (1944). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Acıgöl, Burdur, Salda, and Sögüt lakes watersheds. ― Distribution in river basins: 8-Batı Akdeniz, 10- Burdur. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: upper Dalaman River drainage and streams of Lake Gölhisar, central Anatolia ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 431-Central Anatolia, 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in flowing and standing waters of springs and streams with sand or silt bottoms, often with dense submerged vegetation. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: EN. ― IUCN: EN (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― High priority for conservation action.

Cobitis pirii Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger, 2018 [E] ― Spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis pirii Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger, 2018: 61 , figs. 48-50 [Stream Aksu at Bağıllı, Isparta Province, Türkiye, 37.763°N, 31.033°E; holotype: ZFMK ICH-99635]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2018: 61, figs. 48-50) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Freyhof et al. (2018) Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2018a, 2020). ― Turkish material: ZFMK.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Lake Eğirdir basin, Aksu and Köprü river drainages. ― Distribution in river basins: 9- Antalya. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Eğirdir basin, Aksu and Köprü river drainages (Mediterranean coast) ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in streams with clear water and bottoms with sand or fine gravel. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Cobitis pontica Vasil’eva & Vasil’ev, 2006 [N] ― Burgas spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis pontica Vasil’eva & Vasil’ev, 2006: 17, fig. [Veleka River, Bulgaria; holotype: ZMUU P-21363]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: European Black Sea, Sea of Marmara watersheds. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara. ― General distribution: Southeastern Europe: Bulgaria and Türkiye. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace.― Habitat: This species lives in streams with clear water and bottoms with sand or fine gravel. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Cobitis puncticulata Erk’akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998 [N] ― Brown spined loach/Taşısıran Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis puncticulata Erk’akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998: 12, figs. 4 A-E [Karadere Stream, at the outlet of Manyas (Kus) Lake, Balιkesir Province, Türkiye; holotype: HUIC uncat]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Erk’akan et al. (1998: 12, figs. 4 A-E).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Erk’akan et al. (1998). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: HUIC.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Aegean Sea tributaries. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4- Kuzey Ege, 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes. ― General distribution: Eurasia: Aegean Sea tributaries ( Greece and Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in well-oxygenated streams and lakes with muddy bottoms and abundant submerged vegetation. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: EN (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CON, EUT, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown.― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Cobitis saniae Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Jalili, Sayyadzadeh & Esmaeili, 2017 [N] ― Spined loach/ Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis saniae Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Jalili, Sayyadzadeh & Esmaeili, 2017: 51 , figs. 2-9, 11b, 12c, 13 [Bara Goor River a tributary of Sefid River, near Emamzadeh Hashem, Caspian Sea basin, Guilan Province, Iran, 37°00′11″N, 49°37′49″E; holotype: IMNRF- UT-1091]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Eagderi et al. (2017: 51, fig. 2).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Eagderi et al. (2017: 51, figs. 2-9, 11b, 12c, 13). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Choruck River basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Eurasia: Georgian Black Sea basin, Lake Urmia basin, and southwestern Caspian Sea tributaries ( Türkiye, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 433-Western Transcaucasia. ― Habitat: This species lives in streams with clear water and bottoms with sand or fine gravel. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN:NE(2023).― Threats:Unknown.― Highsensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Cobitis satunini Gladkov, 1935 [N]― Colchic spined loach/ Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis taenia satunini Gladkov, 1935: 73 [Lower stream of the Kintrich River, Kobuleti, eastern Black Sea basin, Georgia, Eurasia; holotype: ZMMU P-2852]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2018: 30, fig. 22) .

Status in Türkiye. First record from Türkiye by Freyhof et al. (2018). ― Turkish material: FSJF.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Stream Hopa, Artvin. ― Distribution in river basins: 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Eurasia: southeast coastal rivers of Black Sea basin, Georgia, and Türkiye. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 433-Western Transcaucasia. ― Habitat: Streams with still to moderately fast-flowing clear water and mud or sand bottom. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: CON, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Cobitis simplicispina Hankó, 1925 [E] ― Sakarya spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis simplicispina Hankó, 1925: 153 , fig. 4; Pl. 3 (fig. 7) [Eminekin village, Porsuk River basin, Sakarya River system, Eskişehir, Türkiye; neotype: ISBB 4694]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Hankó (1925: 153, fig. 4; Pl. 3 (fig. 7)).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Hankó (1925). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: ISBB.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Sakarya and Kızılırmak river basins. ― Distribution in river basins: 11-Akarçay, 12- Sakarya, 15-Kızılırmak. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Sakarya and Kızılırmak River basins (southern Black Sea tributaries) and Central Anatolia ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia, 431-Central Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in streams with still to moderately flowing clear water and a mud or sand bottom. Also in lakes and reservoirs. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: LC. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Stable. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Cobitis sipahilerae Erk’akan, Özdemir & Özeren, 2017 [E] ― Spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis sipahilerae Erk’akan, Özdemir & Özeren, 2017: 83, fig. 2 [Yediarıklar stream,AksuRiver, TopçularDistrict,AntalyaProvince, Türkiye; holotype: HUIC-AKD1]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None.― Illustration: Erk’akan et al. (2017: 83, fig. 2).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Erk’akan et al. (2017). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2018a, 2020). ― Turkish material: HUIC.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Kırkgöz marsches, Antalya. ― Distribution in river basins: 9- Antalya. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Aksu River basin (Mediterranean tributary), Antalya Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in streams with still to moderately flowing, clear water and a mud or sand bottom. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Stable. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Cobitis splendens Erk’akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998 [E] ― Splendid spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis splendens Erk’akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998: 11, figs. 3 A-E [Small stream tributary to the Black Sea, about 200 m from sea border, 16 km east of Akçakoca, and about 30 km southwest of Eregli (Black Sea), Türkiye; holotype: HUIC uncat.]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Erk’akan et al. (1998: 11, figs. 3 A-E).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Erk’akan et al. (1998). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: HUIC.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Western Black Sea basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 13-Batı Karadeniz. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Black Sea coastal watersheds, northern Anatolia ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in the lower and middle parts of streams with still to moderately flowing, clear water with muddy or sandy bottoms. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: CR. ― IUCN: CR (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― High priority for conservation action.

Cobitis strumicae Karaman, 1955 [N] ― Struma spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis taenia strumicae Karaman, 1955: 190 , fig. 4 [Monospitovo swamp and Strumica River, Yugoslavia; syntypes: MMNHS (lost)]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Karaman (1955: 190, fig. 4).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: European Black Sea watersheds. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4- Kuzey Ege. ― General distribution: Eurasia: Aegean and Black Sea basins ( Greece, Bulgaria, and Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in stagnant to flowing waters with sand or silt bottoms. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. ConservationstatusinTürkiye:Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: No major threats known. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Stable. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758 [N] ― Spined loach/ Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758: 303 [Europe; possible type: ZMUU Linn. Coll. 205 (1)]. ― Synonyms: None.― Revisions: None.― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Northwestern Anatolia. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara, 13-Batı Karadeniz. ― General distribution: Central and Eastern Europe and northwestern Asia (southwestern Black Sea basin). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 430-Northern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in small lowland streams and large rivers. In channels, ditches, backwaters, and lakes on sand bottoms. Able to inhabit very degraded streams, especially if siltation is a problem. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye:Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: No major threats known. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Cobitis troasensis Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger, 2018 [E] ― Spined loach/Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis troasensis Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger, 2018: 65 , figs. 51-53 [Stream Tuzla about 1 km south of Ayvacık, Çanakkale Province, Türkiye, 39.596°N, 26.438°E; holotype: ZFMK ICH-098603]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2018: 65, figs. 51-53) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Freyhof et al. (2018) Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2018a, 2020). ― Turkish material: ZFMK.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: North Eagean basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 4-Kuzey Ege. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Tuzla River basin, Aegean coast ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 429-Western Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in streams with clear water and bottoms with sand or fine gravel. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Remarks. Cobitis troasensis lives sympatrically with Cobitis taenia . Freyhof et al. (2018) did not compare with C. taenia in the original description. Therefore, it is probable that C. troasensis is synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758 .

Cobitis turcica Hankó, 1925 [E] ― Turkish spined loach/ Taşısıran

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis taenia turcica Hankó, 1925: 154 , fig. 3; Pl. 3 (fig. 8) [Eregli, Türkiye. syntypes: MNH (2)]. ― Synonyms: Cobitinula anatoliae Hankó, 1925 . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Hankó (1925: 154, fig. 3; Pl. 3 (fig. 8)).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Hankó (1925). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: MNH.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Konya Endorheic basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 16- Konya. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Mediterranean tributaries, southern Anatolia ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 431-Central Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in streams, lakes, and marshes with still to moderately flowing, clear water with muddy and sandy bottoms. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: EN. ― IUCN: EN (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― High priority for conservation action.

Cobitis vardarensis Karaman, 1928 => not occurring in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2020)

Misgurnus fossilis ( Linnaeus, 1758) => not occurring in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2020)

Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi, 1863) [N] ― Golden spined loach

Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis aurata De Filippi, 1863: 391 [Stream near Sartschem (apparently Sarcham-e Sofla, 39°07′N, 47°54′E), Iran; lectotype: MZUT 674; lectotype selected by Tortonese (1961: 188)]. ― Synonyms: Cobitis aurata De Filippi, 1863 ; Acanthopsis aurata (De Filippi, 1863) ; Cobitis aralensis Kessler, 1877 ; Sabanejewia aralensis ( Kessler, 1877) ; Cobitis hohenackeri Kessler, 1877 . ― Revisions: Berg (1949: 894) as Cobitis aurata , Vasil’eva et al. (2022: 12). ― Illustration: Berg (1949: 894-895, figs. 644-645) as Cobitis aurata .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Geldiay and Balık (2007) as Cobitis aurata ; Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish materials: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Kura-Aras River basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 24- Aras. ― General distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 434-Kura - South Caspian Drainages. ― Habitat: This species occurs in primarily hilly streams with moderate currents, clear water, and bottoms with sand or fine gravel. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: CON. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.