Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758

Çiçek, Erdoğan, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald & Seçer, Burak, 2023, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Türkiye; an annotated checklist, 2023, Turkish Journal of Zoology 47 (6), pp. 324-468 : 427-428

Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 [N] ― Brown trout/Kırmızı benekli alabalık

Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758: 308 [European rivers; no types known]. ― Turkish synonyms: None. ― Revisions: Berg (1948: 235); Schöffmann (2021: 35); Segherloo et al. (2021: 10). ― Illustration: Berg (1948: 238, figs. 143-144).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish materials: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Nearly all basins. ― Distribution in river basins: 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4-Kuzey Ege, 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes, 8-Batı Akdeniz, 9- Antalya, 10- Burdur, 11-Akarçay, 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 16- Konya, 17-Doğu Akdeniz, 18-Seyhan, 19-Asi, 20-Ceyhan, 21-Fırat-Dicle, 22-Doğu Karadeniz, 23-Çoruh, 24-Aras, 25- Van Lake. ― General distribution: Northeastern Atlantic: Norway south to Iberian Peninsula; Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Europe: northeastern Atlantic watersheds and upper Danube basin, south to Sicily; introduced widely elsewhere. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia, 430-Northern Anatolia, 431-Central Anatolia, 432-Southern Anatolia, 433-Western Transcaucasia, 434- Kura - South Caspian Drainages, 437-Orontes, 441-Lower Tigris and Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates, 444-Lake Van. ― Habitat: This species lives in cold streams, rivers, and lakes. Spawns in rivers and streams with swift water. Lacustrine populations migrate to tributaries and lake outlets, rarely spawning on stone or wave-washed lake shores. Spawning sites are usually characterised by the downward movement of water into gravel. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: EUT. ― High sensitivity to human activities.― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Stable. ― High priority for conservation action.

Remarks. There are no genetic differences among the trout species identified in Türkiye. In addition, there is no difference in terms of morphometric and meristic characters to create a determination key. Therefore, the validity of many trout species is in great doubt. Therefore, it should be assumed that S. trutta is distributed in all river basins until the situation is clarified by future detailed studies.

Salvelinus alpinus ( Linnaeus, 1758) => not established in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2020)

Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill 1814) => not established in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2020)

Stenodus leucichthys (Güldenstädt, 1772) => not occurring in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2020) Syngnathiformes

Syngnathoidei

Syngnathidae Bonaparte, 1831 (pipefishes and seahorses) Syngnathinae Bonaparte, 1831 (tail-brooding pipefishes) Nerophis ophidion ( Linnaeus, 1758) [N] ― Straightnose pipefish/Deniz iğnesi

Taxonomy. Original description: Syngnathus ophidion Linnaeus, 1758: 337 [Europe; syntypes: BMNH 1853.11 .12.185 (Gronovius coll.) (1, skin)]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Bilecenoğlu et al. (2002, 2014); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: All coasts of Anatolian brackish waters, entering freshwater habitats. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4-Kuzey Ege, 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes, 8-Batı Akdeniz, 9- Antalya, 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 17-Doğu Akdeniz, 18-Seyhan, 19-Asi, 20-Ceyhan, 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; Sea of Azov; northeastern Atlantic: Norway south to Morocco, including Madeira.― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia, 430-Northern Anatolia, 432-Southern Anatolia, 437-Orontes. ― Habitat: This species inhabits marine neritic areas with seagrasses to depths of about 15 metres. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: AQU, CLI, EUT, TOU. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action. Syngnathus abaster Risso, 1827 [N] ― Blackstripe pipefish/Iğne balığı-deniz iğnesi

Taxonomy. Original description: Syngnathus abaster Risso, 1827: 182 [probably Nice, France, northwest Mediterranean Sea; no types known]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Dawson in Whitehead et al. (1986: 635, fig.).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Bilecenoğlu et al. (2002, 2014); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: In all coastal watersheds in Türkiye. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4-Kuzey Ege, 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes, 8-Batı Akdeniz, 9- Antalya, 12- Sakarya, 13- Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 17-Doğu Akdeniz, 18-Seyhan, 19-Asi, 20-Ceyhan, 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay south to Portugal, including Azores. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia, 430-Northern Anatolia, 432-Southern Anatolia, 437-Orontes. ― Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats and is mostly associated with dense submerged vegetation but is also found on open mud bottom substrates. Freshwater, brackish, marine.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: There are no major threats known to be impacting this species. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Syngnathus acus Linnaeus, 1758 => not occurring in freshwater (see Çiçek et al., 2020)

Syngnathus nigrolineatus Eichwald, 1831 => Syngnathus acus Linnaeus, 1758

Syngnathus typhle Linnaeus, 1758 => not occurring in freshwater (see Çiçek et al., 2020)

Gobiiformes

Gobiidae Cuvier, 1816 (gobies)

Gobiinae Cuvier, 1816 (gobies)

Apollonia melanostomus => Neogobius melanostomus Babka gymnotrachelus ( Kessler, 1857) [N] ― Racer goby/Küçük kaya balığı

Taxonomy. Original description: Gobius gymnotrachelus Kessler, 1857: 464 [Dniester River and tributaries, especially Slutsch River, Ukraine; syntypes: ZIN 2105 (1, not present in 1996)]. ― Synonyms: Mesogobius gymnotrachelus ( Kessler, 1857) ; Neogobius gymnotrachelus ( Kessler, 1857) ; Ponticola gymnotrachelus ( Kessler, 1857) . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004) as Gobius (Babka) gymnotrachelus ; GeldiayandBalık (2007) as Gobius (Babka) gymnotrachelus ; Fricke et al. (2007) as Neogobius gymnotrachelus ; Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish materials: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Black Sea watersheds. ― Distribution in river basins: 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4-Kuzey Ege, 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 22-Doğu Karadeniz, 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Eurasia: Black Sea, Sea of Azov, and Caspian Sea basins; invasive in Germany, Bosnia and Hercegovina, and Greece; introduced elsewhere in eastern Europe. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 430-Northern Anatolia, 433-Western Transcaucasia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits mainly freshwater and brackish water with low salinity (<2‰). Estuaries, brackish- and fresh-water lagoons and lakes, large rivers up to small, fast-flowing streams on sand or mud bottoms mostly found in well vegetated or highcomplexity habitats. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: No major threats known. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Low priority for conservation action.