Ricinoides feae ( Hansen, 1921 )

Botero-Trujillo, Ricardo, Sain, Colby E. & Prendini, Lorenzo, 2021, Systematics Of The “ Giant ” Ricinulei (Ricinoididae: Ricinoides) Of West Africa, With Descriptions Of Five New Species And Comparative Morphology Of The Male Copulatory Apparatus, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (448), pp. 1-69 : 33-34

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scientific name	Ricinoides feae ( Hansen, 1921 )
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Ricinoides feae ( Hansen, 1921) View in CoL

Figures 1 View FIGURE 1 , 4C View FIGURE 4 , 5 View FIGURE 5 , 6D View FIGURE 6 , 7C View FIGURE 7 , 9D View FIGURE 9 , 11D View FIGURE 11 , 12C View FIGURE 12 , 14D View FIGURE 14 , 15C View FIGURE 15 , 17D View FIGURE 17 , 18C View FIGURE 18 , 20D View FIGURE 20 , 21D View FIGURE 21 , 23B, D, F, H View FIGURE 23 , 29B, D, F, H, J View FIGURE 29 , 33D View FIGURE 33 , 34C, tables 1, 2, 4

Cryptostemma feae Hansen, 1921: 26–31 , pl. 2, figs. 3a–c, pl. 3, figs. 1a–i; 1930: unpaginated, pl.1, fig. 11, unpaginated, pl. 15, fig. 9b.

Ricinoides feae ( Hansen, 1921) View in CoL : Kästner, 1932: 113, fig. 153; Bolívar y Pieltain, 1942: 201; Millot, 1945a: 72–74, figs. 1–3; 1945b: 1–29, figs. 1–34; 1949a: figs. 54a–c, 62, 79, 83, 90, 92; 1949b: 744–757, figs. 529–551; Zakhvatkin, 1952: 43, fig. 29b; Dubinin, 1962: 443, fig. 1287; Tuxen, 1974: 96–98, figs. 18–23; Dumitresco and Juvara-Balş, 1977a: 260, fig. 1; 1977b: 176, 177, figs. 12a, b, 13a–e; Selden and Dunlop, 1998: 305, fig. 7.1; Harvey, 2003: 183.

TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED: Cryptostemma feae :

Lectotype ♂ ( MSNG) [here designated], GUINEA-

BISSAU: Rio Cassine [Tombali Region: Rio Cacine, 11°00′N 15°09′W], Guinea Portoghese, i–iv.1900, L. Fea. The vial containing the lectotype includes a microvial with the detached sinistral copulatory apparatus. Paralectotypes: 9 ♂, 13 ♀, 27 tritonymphs, 3 deutonymphs, 3 protonymphs ( MSNG), same data as lectotype GoogleMaps ; 4 ♂, 6 ♀, 12 tritonymphs, 13 deutonymphs, 8 protonymphs ( MSNG), Bolama [Bolama Region: 11°34′37″N 15°28′44″W], Guinea Portoghese, vi–xii.1899, L. Fea GoogleMaps ; 2 larvae ( MSNG), Bolama, Guinea Portoghese, L. Fea ; 2 ♂, 4 tritonymphs, 1 deutonymph, 1 protonymph ( ZMUC), Rio Cacine , Guinea Portoghese, i–iv.1900, L. Fea ; 1 tritonymph ( ZMUC), Rio Cacine , Guinea Portoghese, i–iv.1900, L. Fea ; 1 ♂ ( ZMUC), Rio Cacine , Guinea Portoghese, i– iv.1900, L. Fea ; 1 ♀ ( ZMUC), Rio Cacine , Guinea Portoghese, i–iv.1900, L. Fea ; 1 ♂ ( MSNG), Rio Cacine , Guinea Portoghese, i-iv.1900, L. Fea .

DIAGNOSIS: Ricinoides feae differs from the other eight species in the unique structure of the fixed process of the male copulatory apparatus (figs. 29B, D, F, H, J, 33D), which features several distinctive characters, including the laterally compressed α lobe, the wide separation of β 1 and β 2 of the β lobe, the pd lobe expressed as a moderately broad elevated surface, and the rd lobe comprising a cluster of small spines (table 2), none of which is shared with the other species. Additionally, R. feae is the only species in which the median sclerite of tergite XIII is noticeably longer than wide (figs. 14D, 15C), the sclerite being wider than long or as long as wide in the other species. Ricinoides feae differs further from all other species, except R. westermannii , in the relatively unmodified pedipalp tibia (fig. 20D), which is markedly robust in the other species, and in the width of the opening of the pygidium basal segment, which is approximately two fifths the lateral width of the segment at its base, but narrower laterally in the other species. The male of R. feae differs from the male of R. westermannii in several respects, including the presence of a large ventromedian apophysis on the tibia of leg II in R. feae (fig. 23F), which is absent in R. westermannii .

REDESCRIPTION OF MALE: Based on the lectotype (MSNG).

Measurements: Total length 6.45 mm (table 4).

Coloration: Soma and appendages red (fig. 1). Carapace dorsolateral translucent areas yellowish. Opisthosomal tergal and pleural membranes yellow, hyaline. Cheliceral manus yellow; fingers, finger dentition, and manus toothlike process dark.

Setation: Surfaces densely covered with short, translucent, bristlelike setae, length similar to height of surrounding tuberose granules (figs. 6D, 14D). Polygonal setae absent.

Tegument surface macrosculpture: Tegument moderately irregular, without cuticular pits. Carapace, cucullus, lateral margins of opisthosomal tergites, legs (except for prolateral and retrolateral surfaces of leg II femur), and, to lesser extent, coxal region covered with coarse, rounded tuberose granules, evenly spaced apart, not clustered together (figs. 6D, 9D, 11D, 14D, 21D, 23B, D, F, H). Opisthosoma without distinct tubercles; entire dorsal surface and sternite XIII coarsely granular, some granules grouped together or touching others but not distinctly clustered (figs. 14D, 17D); remainder of opisthosomal ventral surface, leg II femur prolateral and retrolateral surfaces, and pleural membranes finely and densely granular; tergal membranes more sparsely granular. Pedipalp femur dorsal, prolateral, and retrolateral surfaces finely granular; tibia with elevated oval tubercles distally (fig. 20D), not noticeably enlarged or arranged in distinct rows.

Carapace: Carapace longer than wide, broadest between coxae of legs II and III; trapezoidal, lateral margins curved, narrowing anteriorly (fig. 6D); anterior margin linear in dorsal aspect; posterior margin slightly procurved; median longitudinal sulcus, paired posterior marginal transverse sulci, and paired anterolateral longitudinal sulci distinct; paired lateral depressions aligned with coxae of legs II; posteromedian moundlike excrescence absent; dorsolateral translucent areas entirely smooth, medium sized, aligned with intersection between coxae of legs I and II, visible in dorsolateral aspect.

References

Dubinin, V. B. 1962. Podtip Chelicerophora. Khelitseronosnye chlenistonogie [Subphylum Chelicerophora. Chelicerate arthropods]. In B. B. Rohdendorf (editor), Osnovy paleontologii [Fundamentals of paleontology]: 375 - 530. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R. [in Russian]

Dumitresco, M., and I. Juvara-Bals. 1977 a. L'importance de la structure des organes copulateurs femelles dans la systematique des Ricinulei. Travaux de l'Institute de Speologie Emile Racovitza 16: 259 - 261.

Hansen, H. J. 1921. The Pedipalpi, Ricinulei, and Opiliones (exc. Op. Laniatores) collected by Mr. Leonardo Fea in tropical West Africa and adjacent islands. In Studies on Arthropoda, vol. 1: 1 - 55. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel.

Harvey, M. S. 2003. Catalogue of the smaller arachnid orders of the world. Collingwood, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing.

Kastner, A. 1932. Ricinulei Thorell. In W. Kukenthal, Handbuch der Zoologie, 3 (2) (4): 99 - 116. Berlin and Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter.

Millot, J. 1945 a. La constitution de l'abdomen des Ricinulei (Arachnides). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 59: 72 - 74.

Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1942. Estudio de un ricinulideo de la Caverna de Cacahuamilpa, Guerrero, Mex. (Arachnida). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 2: 197 - 209.

Selden, P. A., and J. A. Dunlop. 1998. Fossil taxa and relationships of chelicerates. In G. Edgecombe (editor), Arthropod fossils and phylogeny: 303 - 331. New York: Columbia University Press.

Tuxen, S. L. 1974. The African genus Ricinoides (Arachnida, Ricinulei). Journal of Arachnology 1: 85 - 106.

Zakhvatkin, A. A. 1952. Razdelenie kleshchei (Acarina) na otriady i ikh polozhenie v sisteme Chelicerata [Division of mites (Acarina) into orders and their position in the system of Chelicerata]. Parazitologicheskii Sbornik Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR 14: 5 - 46. [in Russian]

Figures

FIGURE 1. “Giant” ricinuleid, Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), paralectotype ♂ (MSNG), Rio Cacine, Guinea- Bissau, habitus, dorsal aspect. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photograph courtesy Elena Babicz.

FIGURE 4. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, selected structures characteristic of “giant” Ricinulei. A. Ricinoides westermannii (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), neotype ♂ (ZMB 7013), leg IV femur, dorsal aspect. B. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183), leg I metatarsus and tarsus, prolateral aspect. C. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG), leg II metatarsus, prolateral aspect. D, E. Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov., D. paratype ♂ (MRAC 209.286), leg III distal tarsomeres, dorsal aspect, E. paratype ♀ (MRAC 209.267), distended opisthosoma, lateral aspect. F. Ricinoides kakum, holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183), posterior end of opisthosoma, pygidium. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, B, C, F), 0.25 mm (D), 1 mm (E).

FIGURE 5. Map of West Africa, plotting known locality records of species of “giant” Ricinulei (Ricinoides Ewing, 1929), based on material examined and verified identifications: Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892) (square); Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008 (circle); Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov. (triangle); Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921) (inverted triangle); Ricinoides iita, sp. nov. (diamond); Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov. (×); Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov. (pentagon); Ricinoides taii, sp. nov. (star); Ricinoides westermannii (Guérin-Méneville, 1838) (+); Ricinoides sp. (asterisk).

FIGURE 6. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, carapace, dorsal aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, carapace, dorsal aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♀ (BMNH 13588949). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, ♀ (AMNH IZC 324883). C. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), paralectotype ♀ (MSNG), Rio Cacine, Guinea-Bissau. D. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (MRAC 217.183). E. Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (MRAC 209.267). F. Ricinoides taii, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (MRAC 233.482). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, cucullus, anterior aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). G. Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 209.266). H. Ricinoides taii, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 233.458). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 11. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, coxosternal region, ventral aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 12. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, coxosternal region, ventral aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♀ (BMNH 13588949). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, ♀ (AMNH IZC 324883). C. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), paralectotype ♀ (MSNG), Rio Cacine, Guinea-Bissau. D. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (MRAC 217.183). E. Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (MRAC 209.267). F. Ricinoides taii, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (MRAC 233.482). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 14. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, opisthosoma, dorsal aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 15. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, opisthosoma, dorsal aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♀ (BMNH 13588949). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, ♀ (AMNH IZC 324883). C. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), paralectotype ♀ (MSNG), Rio Cacine, Guinea-Bissau. D. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (MRAC 217.183). E. Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (MRAC 209.267). F. Ricinoides taii, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (MRAC 233.482). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 17. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, opisthosoma, ventral aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 18. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, opisthosoma, ventral aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♀ (BMNH 13588949). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, ♀ (AMNH IZC 324883). C. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), paralectotype ♀ (MSNG), Rio Cacine, Guinea-Bissau. D. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (MRAC 217.183). E. Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (MRAC 209.267). F. Ricinoides taii, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (MRAC 233.482). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 20. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, pedipalp tibia, prolateral aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). G. Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 209.266). H. Ricinoides taii, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 233.458). I. Ricinoides westermannii (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), neotype ♂ (ZMB 7013). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 21. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, leg I distal segments, prolateral aspect. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). G. Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 209.266). H. Ricinoides taii, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 233.458). I. Ricinoides westermannii (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), neotype ♂ (ZMB 7013). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 23. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, leg II femur, dorsal (A, B) and prolateral (C, D) aspects, tibia, prolateral aspect (E, F), and metatarsus, prolateral aspect (G, H). A, C, E, G. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). B, D, F, H. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 29. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, leg III copulatory apparatus, prolateral (A, B), dorsal (C, D), retrolateral (E, F), ventral (G, H), and frontal (I, J) aspects. A, C, E, G, I. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). B, D, F, H, J. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). Scale bars = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 33. Ricinoides Ewing, 1929, leg III, male copulatory apparatus, prolateral and ventral aspects. A. Ricinoides afzelii (Thorell, 1892), ♂ (BMNH 13588948). B. Ricinoides atewa Naskrecki, 2008, holotype ♂ (AMNH IZC 324855). C. Ricinoides eburneus, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 230.162). D. Ricinoides feae (Hansen, 1921), lectotype ♂ (MSNG). E. Ricinoides iita, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (USNM). F. Ricinoides kakum, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 217.183). G. Ricinoides nzerekorensis, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 209.266). H. Ricinoides taii, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MRAC 233.458). I. Ricinoides westermannii (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), neotype ♂ (ZMB 7013). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.