Antirrhinum latifolium Miller (1768

Ferrer-Gallego, P. Pablo, Fabado, Javier & Güemes, Jaime, 2021, Typification of seven names in the genus Antirrhinum (tribe Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae), Phytotaxa 511 (3), pp. 211-230 : 212-220

Antirrhinum latifolium Miller (1768 : Antirrhinum No. 4)

Type (lectotype, designated here):— [icon] “ Antirrhinum latifol . pallidum amplo flore ” in Boccone (1697a, tab. 41) Fig. 2 . Epitype (designated here):—[ ITALY, Toscana, Livorno] “ Cave Monte Rombolo, Campiglia Marittima (LI), 43.09440ºN 10.62452ºW, 646 m, 30 March 2017, D. Fontana s.n. (PI 009621) Fig. 3 .

The protologue of Antirrhinum latifolium ( Miller 1768: Antirrhinum No. 4) includes a Latin diagnosis, “4. ANTIRRHINUM (Latifolium) foliis lanceolatis glabris, calycibus hirsutis racemo longissimo”, followed by the English translation “ Snap-dragon with smooth spear-shaped leaves, hairy flower-cups, and a very long spike of flowers ”, and the synonym “ Antirrhinum latifolium amplo pallido flore. Bocc. Mus. 2. 49”, this reference being to Boccone (1697a: 49), and finally a brief English description “The leaves of this are much broader, the flowers greatly larger, and the spikes longer, than in any of the other sorts. The colours of the flowers are as changeable in this sort as the former, when raised from seeds; but as this is the most specious kind, so it better deserves propagating than the common, especially as it is equally hardy”. The protologue also includes the provenance “The fourth sort grows naturally in the islands of the Archipelago from whence I received the seeds” (see also Boccone (1697a: 49): “Nasce nelle Colline di Sestri di Ponente, e per le Mura di Castiglione [della Pescaia], e della Rocca dell’Orcio, vicino Radicofani in Toscana ”). The reference to Boccone (1697a) provided an illustration “ Antirrhinum latifol . pallidum amplo flore ” ( Fig. 2 ) that can be considered original material used by Miller to describe A. latifolium .

Rothmaler (1956: 93) indicates as type “ Typus: In ins. Archipelagi (Miller, non vidi)” and Sestri di Ponente (Boccone, non vidi)”. Sutton (1988: 89) repeat the Rothmaler indication, as “ Type: Italy: ‘in ins. Archipelagi’ Miller s.n. (iso.? BM!)”, doubting that the BM material is really the isotype of the name.

In the herbarium BM, there is a sheet, BM000520460, which bears a specimen of Antirrhinum latifolium , with leaves and flowers, and is annotated at the base of the specimen “ Antirrhinum latifolium Mill. Dict. ” ( Fig. 4 ). The same sheet contains two fragments of A. majus L. identified with the barcode BM013837741. However, there is no direct connection through annotations or any link of the specimen BM000520460 to the protologue to suggest that it was used by Miller to prepare the protologue.

This species is extremely variable in the indumentum of the stem and leaves, and corolla color. Boccone’s illustration does not clearly show several of the diagnostic characters (e.g., indumentum of stem and leaves, corolla size and color, corolla lobes, etc.) that are essential to distinguish A. latifolium from other morphologically similar taxa [e.g., A. majus Linnaeus (1753: 617) , A. majus subsp. striatum (DC.) Rothmaler (1954: 281) , A. tortuosum Bosc ex Ventenat in Lamarck (1797: 365), and hybrids between A. majus and A. latifolium in cultivated plants]. Consequently, the application of this name based on Boccones’s illustration is ambiguous and an epitype is designated here (Art. 9.9 of the ICN).

The epitype selected is a modern specimen, with available molecular data (accession no. SAMN17245988), which was used and cited by Otero et al. (2021). This specimen was collected in Italy (Campiglia Marittima, Livorno, Tuscan) and is preserved at PI, with number 009621 ( Fig. 3 ). The collection geographic provenance of the epitype agrees with the localities mentioned by Boccone (1697a), and the natural distribution of the current interpretation of A. latifolium (South-western Alps, France, Italy and Spain), including the Tuscan Archipelago, probably referred to by Miller (1768) in the protologue. Further, the specimen (two fragments with well-developed leaves and fruits) clearly represents the traditional concept (e.g., Miller 1768) and current application of A. latifolium (see e.g., Rothmaler 1956, Webb 1972, Sutton 1988, Güemes 2009, Tison et al. 2014, Pignatti 2018).

Antirrhinum molle var. mollissimum Pau (1906: 7)

≡ A. mollissimum (Pau) Rothmaler (1956: 66) .

Type (lectotype, designated here):— [ SPAIN], Almería , prope à muris, 26 May 1902, C. Pau s.n. (MA110686, probable isolectotype P03915749). Fig. 5 .

Pau’s protologue (1906: 7) of A. molle var. mollissimum consists only of a brief description “Parviflorum et parvifolium, foliis suborbicularibus” followed by the provenance “Almeria prope muros”. Pau also included in the protologue “pl. exs.” indicates that this taxon was studied from material preserved in an exsiccata.

Rothmaler (1956: 66) included as type, concretely “isotypi”, several specimens of an exsiccatum of Porta and Rigo: “ Typus: Almeria, Barranco del Caballar ( Porta et Rigo 46, M, W, JE, P, S, Isotypi)”. This exsiccatum is labelled as “Nº 46 / Antirrhinum molle L. / Almeria, Barranco del Caballar, ad rupes / sol. schistose 20– 150 m.s.m. Aprili / Porta et Rigo, iter II Hispanicum 1890”. This exsiccatum was also mentioned by Sutton (1988: 79) as type: “ Type: Spain: Almería; Barranco del Caballar, 20–150 m, iv 1890 Porta & Rigo 46 (holo.? JE!, iso. BM! K! M P S W)”. However, these indications of “ type ” are ineffective.

Pau includes in the protologue “En mi herbario existen inéditas estas formas” [In my herbarium these forms remain inedited], and this reference clearly cites herbarium material. In this sense, in the Pau’s herbarium at MA, there is a specimen, MA110686, bearing several plant fragments, with leaves and flowers, and an original label handwritten by Pau “Caroli Pau herbarium hispanicum / Antirrhinum mollissimum Pau / Almeria prope à muris: / Legi 26-V-1902 ” ( Fig. 5 ).

In addition, in P herbarium is also an original specimen collected by Pau. The sheet P03915749 (image available at https://api.gbif.org/v1/image/unsafe/http%3A%2F%2Fmediaphoto.mnhn.fr%2Fmedia%2F1441376193051FSveI 9FeeOuNd9iK) bears several stems, with leaves and fruits, and an original label handwritten by Pau “Caroli Pau herbarium hispanicum / Antirrhinum molle L. / β mollissimum Pau / In muris prope urbem Almeria / Legi Majo 1903 [recte 1902]”. In our opinion this specimen at P is a probable duplicate of the specimen MA110686 and the date 1903 could be treated as an error, since a query of the Pau herbarium at MA does not show any specimen of this author in 1903 from Almeria, and all specimens from this locality were collected in 1902.

In conclusion, these two specimens are clearly original material of Antirrhinum mollissimum , and both are well preserved and match with the traditional concept and current use of the name. We designate as the lectotype of the name A. mollissimum the specimen MA110686. This material represents the traditional concept and current use of the name (e.g., Rothmaler 1956, Sutton 1988, Güemes 2009, Güemes & Sánchez-Gómez 2009).

Antirrhinum molle var. marianum Pau (1925: 24)

Type (lectotype, designated here):— [ SPAIN], Almería , Doña María, 12 July 1921, E. Gros 149 (MA110690, isolectotype BC44122 ). Fig. 6 .

= A. caroli-paui Rothmaler (1956: 67) .

The protologue of Antirrhinum molle var. marianum includes a brief diagnosis in Latin “Subvirescens latisepalum. Intermedium inter var. mollissimum et A. glutinosum B. Rt. ; fortasse var. A. glutinosi , sed folia molliora latioraque magis ad A. mollem mollissimum , verum corollae A. glutinosi ” and a provenance “Doña María (Almería)”.

We have found an original specimen in the Pau herbarium at MA MA110690. This material was collected in “Almería, Doña María” by Enric Gros on July 12, 1921. The sheet bears six stems with leaves, several flowers and immature fruits, and two original labels, a label handwritten by Carlos Pau and Enric Gros: “Scientiarum Naturalium Barcinonense Museum / Sectio Botanica / 1921, nº 149 / Antirrhinum molle L. β Marianum Pau / Antirrhinum Marianum Pau in litt. / C. Pau [handwritten by C. Pau] / HAB. Almería: Doña María / Stat. in rupestrisbus, 900 m. alt. / Legit. Gros, 12-VII-1921 [handwritten by E. Gros]”, and a second label handwritten by Pau: “ A. glutinosum / β.) Marianum Pau”.

In addition, there is a duplicate specimen of this material at BC, with barcode BC44122. The sheet at BC bears the same first label mentioned above, and it was selected by Rothmaler as the type of A. caroli-paui Rothmaler (1956: 67) .

We have not found any other original material of this name in the herbaria consulted. We designate as the lectotype of the name A. mollissimum var. marianum the specimen MA110690.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Lectotype of Antirrhinum latifolium Miller, illustration “Antirrhinum latifol. pallidum amplo flore” of Boccone (1697a).

FIGURE 3. Epitype of Antirrhinum latifolium Miller, PI (number 009621). Image by courtesy of the herbarium PI, reproduced with permission.

FIGURE 4. Specimen of Antirrhinum latifolium Miller preserved at BM (barcode BM000520460). Image by courtesy of the herbarium BM, reproduced with permission.

FIGURE 5. Lectotype of Antirrhinum mollissimum (Pau) Rothmaler, MA(barcode MA110686).Image by courtesy of the herbarium MA, reproduced with permission.

FIGURE 6. Lectotype of Antirrhinum molle var. marianum Pau, MA (barcode MA110690). Image by courtesy of the herbarium BC, reproduced with permission.