Alloclusia, Hendel, 1917

Lonsdale, Owen & Marshall, Stephen A., 2008, Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae), Zootaxa 1944 (1), pp. 1-33 : 2-5

Synonymy of Alloclusia

Alloclusia syn. n. is here included as a new junior synonym of Apiochaeta because the type species of Apiochaeta ( Heterochroa bicolor Schiner ) and the type species of Alloclusia (Peratochetus) philippii Rondani ) belong to the same clade (formerly treated as Alloclusia ; see Fig. 50 ). The other two species included in Apiochaeta by Malloch (1933) form the sister group to this clade. These two species form a distinctive species group characterized by numerous external and genitalic characters (see discussion), the most notable of which

are a strongly widened head ( Fig. 2 ), inset posterior fronto-orbital bristles and a white patch on the notopleuron and postpronotum.

1. Ratio of head height to width -0.77-0.91:1.00

-0.61-0.68:1.00

2. Face -as wide or wider than high, not recessed ventrally

-higher than wide and recessed ventrally

3. Gena -not produced

-produced posteroventrally

4. Length of mid fronto-orbital bristle -subequal to anterior and posterior fronto-orbitals

-1/2-2/3 length of anterior and posterior fronto-orbitals

5. Number of fronto-orbital bristles -three; sometimes minute reclinate bristle present behind inclinate bristle on one side only, or if one pair present, differing in length and both no more than 1/10 length anterior reclinate bristle

-four

6. Anterior two pairs of dorsocentral bristles -large and subequal in length to posterior dorsocentral (if three present) -distinctly shorter than posterior dorsocentral (if three present)

7. Lateral scutellar bristles -small to well developed

-at least one pair large and strong, close to length of apical scutellars

8. Number of lateral scutellar bristles -two

-one

9. Frons -pruinose and not coloured as below

-posterior corners of frons shiny brown to dark yellow

10. Gena -shiny or pilose, but not as below

-gena with dorsal white tomentose band, median yellow tomentose band, and ventral yellow shiny band

11. Scutum -without floating median line

-with floating brown median line

12. Scutum -without white spot on postpronotum and notopleuron

-notopleuron and posterior margin of postpronotum white; small spot below anterior notopleural bristle

13. Dark spot at base of proepisternal bristle -absent

-present

14. Number of stripes on pleuron -zero or one

-two

15. Legs -tibiae and fore tarsi brown

-legs yellow with tarsomeres and femora sometimes brown

16. Male mid and hind femora -unpigmented

-with subapical bands; mid femur sometimes extensively pigmented

17 Fore and mid tarsi -not as below

-yellow with distal tarsomere brown

18. Light basal spot/stripe at base of fore -absent

coxa

......continued

-present

19. Occiput -yellow, brown, or not as below

-with small spot immediately behind ventral margin of eye

20. Tergite 1 -yellow or with brown spots

-brown

21. Wing -variable, but not as below

-clouded along apex of R 2+3, R 4+5, M 1

22. Wing -clear around dm-cu

-darkly clouded around dm-Cu

23. Wing -if with spot in fourth radial cell, then not reaching R 2+3

-spot in fourth radial cell reaching R 2+3

24. Wing -first radial cell mostly clear

-first radial cell darkly clouded, at least on distal half

Male characters.

25. Surstylus -unmodified as below, or with small basal spur

-with elaborations on inner face

26. Surstylus -without dorsobasal lobe

-with acute dorsobasal lobe

27. Surstylus -straight or hooked dorsally

-with elongate, hooked ventral lobe

28. Surstylus -not as below

-apex forming tear-shaped lobe

29. Surstylus -without wide ridge

-inner face with wide ridge

30. Distiphallus -entire

-bifid

31. Distiphallus -if bifid, ends subequal

-one prong of distiphallus reduced and more proximal

Female characters.

32. Female segments 6-8 -not, or only slightly, telescoped

-strongly telescoped

33. Female segment 7 -usually large and conical, but without medial sclerotization

-large and conical with medial longitudinal desclerotization

34. Spermathecal duct -clear

-pigmented distally

Synapomorphies of Apiochaeta .

35. Hairs on arista -pubescent

-short plumose

36. Number of dorsocentral bristles -two

-three

37. Vein dm-cu -perpendicular to long axis of wing

-oblique

......continued

38. Male tergite 6 -wide and setose

-thin and bare

39. Distiphallus -lateral lobe separate from phallus and weakly serrated

-lateral lobe fused to phallus and heavily spinulose

40. Ventral receptacle -sac-like or tube-like and smooth

-sac-like with numerous transverse wrinkles and two longitudinal fur-

rows

Figures

FIGURE 50. Phylogenetic hypothesis for Apiochaeta selected from one of the three most equally parsimonious trees calculated from the matrix in table 2 using PAUP. Characters are listed in table 1. Tree 52 steps in length (CI=0.80; RI=0.93). Solid circles are unique characters, and open circles are homoplasies or character reversals.

FIGURES 1&2. heads; 1: Apiochaeta vitticollis (Blanchard); 2: A. aterrima Malloch.