Zoroaster fulgens, THOMSON, 1873

Mah, Christopher, 2007, Phylogeny of the Zoroasteridae (Zorocallina; Forcipulatida): evolutionary events in deep-sea Asteroidea displaying Palaeozoic features, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (1), pp. 177-210 : 196

ZOROASTER FULGENS THOMSON, 1873

Zoroaster fulgens Thomson, 1873: 153 ; Studer, 1883: 130; Sladen, 1889: 418; 1891: 694; Perrier, 1894: 116; Koehler, 1896: 42; H.L. Clark, 1901: 237; Farran, 1913: 19; Fisher, 1919b: 471; H.L. Clark, 1920: 101 (in key); Mortensen, 1927: 132; Downey, 1970: 14; Rice et al., 1982: 66; Gage et al., 1983: 269, 286; Harvey et al., 1988: 167; Hoz & Garcia, 1991: 135, 136; Hansson, 1998 (checklist); Clark & Mah, 2001: 234; Sumida et al., 2001: 29; Howell et al., 2004: 977.

Zoroaster aff. fulgens (Eocene) Blake & Zinsmeister, 1979: 1151 ; 1988: 495.

Zoroaster ackleyi Perrier, 1880: 436 ; 1881: 6; 1881b: 59; 1894: 117; Verrill, 1915: 28; H.L. Clark, 1920: 101 (in key); Fisher, 1928: 491; John & Clark, 1954: 139.

Zoroaster diomedeae Verrill, 1884: 217 .

Zoroaster longicauda Perrier, 1885: 198 ; 1894: 120; Howell, Billett & Tyler, 2002: 1906.

Prognaster grimaldii Perrier, 1891: 1226 ; 1891 b: 259; 1896: 23, pl.2; Richard, 1900: 75, fig. 23.

Zoroaster trispinosus Koehler, 1895: 442 ; 1896: 33; 1909: 108.

Zoroaster bispinosus (as lapsus for trispinosus) Koehler, 1909: 316

Occurrence: North Atlantic (off Massachusetts), Faeroe Channel, Rockall Trough (north-east Atlantic), to Bahamas, Gulf of Mexico, and Surinam. South Atlantic to Shag Rocks, South Georgia Sea, to Indian Ocean ( South Africa) 220–4810 m.

Material: North Atlantic. NMNH E 38674 Hudson Canyon , off New Jersey. 38°29′48″N, 72°32′ 54″W, 2625−2640 m. Coll. 30.vii.1975. (2 dry specs. R = 9.9, r = 1.1; R = 13.1, r = 1.4) NMNH 14274 Georges Bank , Massachusetts, 41°9′40″N, 66°2′20″W, 2296 m. Coll. 4.ix.1883. [2 dry specs. R = 11.2, r = 1.5; R = ∼10, r = 1.2 (arm tips broken)] NMNH E18533 , Off Andros Island , Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas. 24°26′N, 77°34′W, 1565 m, Coll. 28.ix.1967 (4 dry specs. R = 1.3, r = 0.2; R = 1.9, r = 0.3; R = 10.0, r = 1.6; R = 9.9, r = 1.1). NMNH E18534 , North of Little Bahama Bank , 27°30′N, 78°38′W, 490 m. Coll. 5.ii.1964 (1 dry spec. R = 3.8, r = 0.5). NMNH E38657 , East of Virginia Beach , Virginia. 36°42′N, 74°4′30″W, 2400−2450 m, Coll. 24.vii.1975. [3 dry specs. R = 16.7, r = 1.2; R = 17.4, r = 1.7; R = 18.6, r = 1.7 (arms broken, or twisted in several specs.)] Gulf of Mexico. NMNH 1017683 , off Florida. 28°16′N, 86°36′16″E, 838– 847 m. Coll. 20.v.1985. [16 dry specs. R = 4.7 r = 0.7; R = 9.2, r = 1.0; R = 6.1, r = 0.7; R = 9.7, r = 0.9; R = 10.1, r = 1.0; R = 8.4, r = −0.9; R = 3.6, r = 0.6; R = 3.2, r = 0.5; R = 1.9, r = 0.4; R = 11.6, r = 0.9; R = 13.1, r = 1.1; r = 9.2, r = 0.8; R = 9.9, r = 0.9; R = 10.3, r = 0.9 (arm tips broken on several)] Caribbean Sea. NMNH E18538 Off of Roque Islands , Venezuela. 11°50′N, 66°10′W, 1059 m, Coll. 23.vii.1968 (3 dry specs. R = 2.3 r = 0.5; R = 1.5, r = 0.4; R = 1.9, r = 0.3), NMNH E18539 , East of St. Vincent Island, 13°20′48″N, 61°2′30″W, 658–841 m (1 dry spec. R = 0.9, r = 0.2) Guyana-Surinam. NMNH E18529 , NE of Paramaribo , 7°21′N, 53°15′W, 549 m. Coll. 21.iii.1965. [2 dry specs, R = 6.5, r = 0.7; R = 7.7, r = 0.8 (arms broken on specs.)] NMNH E19310 N of Georgetown , 8°14′N, 57°38′W, 1408 m. Coll. 15.vii.1968. (1 dry spec. R = ∼10, r = 1.3 (arm tips broken)] NMNH E18536 NE of Paramaribo, 8°33′N, 54°18′W, 1253 m. Coll. 12.vii.1968. (1 dry spec. arms disarticulated, r = 0.8) South Atlantic. NMNH E47618 , Shag Rocks , South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea. 50°51′12″S, 43°3′12″W, 1351−1362 m. Coll. 9.v.1975. (2 dry specs. R = 9.6, r = 1.1; R = 17, r = 1.6) NMNH E47615 , NW of South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea. 51°2′12″S, 42°47′36″W, 1481−1546 m, Coll. 9.v.1975. [4 dry specs. R = ∼23, r = 2.0; R = 19.6, r = 2.1; R = ∼24, r = 2.1; R = 23.4, r = 1.8 (arms twisted, broken on some)] NMNH E47586 , Shag Rocks , South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea. 50°51′12″S, 43°3′12″W, 1351−1362 m. Coll. 9.v.1975. [5 dry specs. R = 17.1, r = 1.4; R = 20.3, r = 2.1; R = 17.7, r = 1.5; R = 16.2, r = 1.5; R = ∼23, r = 1.8 (arms broken twisted)] Indian Ocean ( South Africa). SIO E 2941 , off tip of South Africa, 53°21.1′S, 24°56′E, 1100−1400 m. Coll. 21.i.1984 (1 wet spec. R = 12.1, r = 1.6); SIO E 2943 , off tip of South Africa, 46°30.8′S, 33°51′E, 2700− 3900 m, Coll. 27.i.1984 ( R = 16.0, r = 1.3) .

Fossil material: NMNH 256068. Eocene, Upper La Meseta Formation, Antarctica, Seymour Island. Disc and arm fragments.