Cosmosatyrus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867

Matz, Jess & Brower, Andrew V. Z., 2016, The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes, Zootaxa 4125 (1), pp. 1-108 : 22

Cosmosatyrus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867

Type species: Cosmosatyrus leptoneuroides C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 = Chillanella Herrera, 1966 syn. nov.

Type species: Faunula stelligera Butler, 1881

Diagnosis. Male genitalia exhibit a long and slender uncus with the aedeagus more even in width at the distal end. Cosmosatyrus bears an M1-M3 ocellus on the ventral side of the forewing that may appear as a single bipupillate ocellus or two unipupillate ocelli fused at M2. The distal end of the discal cell is deeply sinuous. Cosmosatyrus leptoneuroides males bear androconia on the forewing, but C. stelligera and C. dubii do not. The hindwing is oval and may be slightly crenate to entire with an ocellus appearing in each cell between Rs and CuA2. Antennae terminate in spatulate clubs in C. leptoneuroides and C. stelligera , while those of C. dubii are round. Terminal palp segment is cylindrical in C. leptoneuroides and C. stelligera and conical in C. dubii . Eyes are naked. Tarsal segmentation in the foreleg is variable, with C. leptoneuroides unsegmented in both sexes, C. stelligera with three segments in both males and females, and C. dubii males with three segments and females with four segments.

Remarks. Herrera (1966) erected the monotypic genus Chillanella , for C. stelligera , on the basis of the positions of the forewing radial veins, which he noted are similar to those of Neosatyrus but with sufficient difference in genitalic characters (in his view) to separate it as a new genus. However, the position of the forewing radial veins is inconsistent in the Neosatyriti, even among individuals of the same species collected from the same locality, and is therefore unreliable as a character upon which to base the formation of a separate genus. Cosmosatyrus was considered monotypic in Lamas & Viloria (2004), but our phylogenetic analysis places Chillanella stelligera ( Butler, 1881) in close relationship with C. leptoneuroides . Additionally, the male genitalia of C. stelligera differ from Neosatyrus and are more closely aligned with Cosmosatyrus . We also include in Cosmosatyrus the species recently described as Faunula dubii by Pyrcz (2012).