Menemerus bivittatus ( Dufour, 1831 )

Pupin, Giovanni B. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2023, The alien synanthropic Salticidae in Brazil (Araneae), Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2023002) 113, pp. 1-16 : 5

Menemerus bivittatus ( Dufour, 1831)

( Figs 7–12 ; 32)

Salticus bivittatus DUFOUR, 1831:369 . Menemerus bivittatus : PECKHAM & PECKHAM, 1886:292.

(Check other synonyms in WORLD SPIDER CATALOG, 2022).

Diagnosis. Menemerus bivittatus differs from the other synanthropic species for having a dorsoventrally flattened body and for the two marginal stripes that run along the entire length of the body ( Figs 7, 8 ). Males and females can be confused with Menemerus nigli , due to the dorsoventrally flattened body shape, however, males of M. bivittatus differ by not having a curvature of the embolus in the palp ( Figs 9, 10 ). Females of M. bivittatus differ in having an epigynum with a large anterior atrium, short median septum, and short copulation ducts ( Figs 11, 12 ).

Records in the World. Menemerus bivittatus is an African species introduced by anthropic action in southern Europe, China, Taiwan, Japan, Australia, Pacific islands, and the Americas ( WORLD SPIDER CATALOG, 2022).

Natural history. The species was popularly named “Saltique à deux raies” (Jumping-spider-two-stripes) ( DUFOUR, 1831), and is a synanthropic and cosmopolitan species ( WESOŁOWSKA, 1999; RICHARDSON, 2016). Records in Brazilian zoological collections (Fig. 32) indicate that the species occurs only in urban environments, with 83 records in buildings (e. g. sheds, churches, and other commercial constructions, etc.), fourteen registered in walls, twelve in tree trunks, and seven in beehives ( Tab. I ).

In their natural environment, they prefer tree trunks ( PENNEY & GABRIEL, 2009), feeding on flies, ants, and spiders ( MONDAL et al., 2020), but have preference by preying on Meliponini (stingless bees) individuals ( PENNEY & GABRIEL, 2009). In Brazil, M. bivittatus was recorded preying on pupae of Camponotus crassu Mayr, 1862 (Carpenter ants) that were being transported by the ants ( HALFELD, 2015).

Material examined. BRASIL, Acre: Rio Branco, Seringal Catuaba, BR-364, Km 20 (10°06’21”S; 67°37’21”W) , ♀, II.1988, E. H. Buckup col. ( MCN 17355 ) ; Amazonas: Manaus, Rio Solimões (02°59’44”S; 60°04’44”W) , ♂ 2♀, 16–17.XII.1987, M. A. L. Marques col. ( MCN 17303 ) ; Borba, Rio Mapiá (04°23’36”S; 59°35’38”W) , ♀, 22.IV.1996, Equipe IBSP/SMNK col. ( IBSP 15997 ) ; Humaitá (07°30’22”S; 63°01’14,9”W) , ♂, 21.II.1978, U. Caramaschi col. ( MZSP 63070 ) ; ♂, 21.II.1978, U.Caramaschi col.( MZSP 60799 ) ; Pará: Belém, Curió Utinga (01°26’28.7”S; 48°24’46.2”W) , 2♀, 04.IV.2006, L. S. Carvalho, col. ( MPEG 003927 ) ; 5♂, 28.V.2006, L. S. Carvalho, col. ( MPEG 003936 ) ; Bairro Terra Firme (01°25’37”S; 48°27’23”W) , 3♀, 28.I.2009 ( MPEG 033366 ) ; ♀, 11.III.2009 ( MPEG 033372 ) all collected by B.V.B. Rodrigues; Bairro Marco (01°25’35”S; 48°27’48”W) , ♀, 27.II.2009 ( MPEG 033368 ) ; ♀, 11.III.2009 ( MPEG 033369 ) ; ♀, 12.III.2009, ( MPEG 033371 ) ; ♀, 12.III.2009 ( MPEG 033367 ) , all collected by B. V. B. Rodrigues; Bairro Sacramenta (01°25’25”S; 48°27’54”W) , ♂, 27.II.2009 ( MPEG 033365 ) ; 2♀, 10.III.2009 ( MPEG 033373 ) ; 2♀, 11.III.2009 ( MPEG 033370 ) , all collected by B. V. B. Rodrigues; Uruará (03°43’14”S; 53°44’13”W) , ♀, 2015, R. L. Caraíba col. ( IBSP 230897 ) ; Belterra , (03°14’52”S; 55°00’59”W) , ♀, 2009–2010, L. Chagas col. ( IBSP 258435 ) ; ♂, 2♀, 1 juv., 04–06.V.2014, A. D. Brescovit col. ( IBSP 217301 ) ; ♂, 17.VIII.2019, A. D. Brescovit col. ( IBSP 242726 ) ; Piauí: Piripiri, Olho D’Água Jagata (04°16’32”S; 42°12’13”W) , ♂, 19.IV.2014, T. G. Pinheiro & E. S. Martins col. ( IBSP 220318 ) ; Rio Grande do Norte: Atol das Rocas (03°51’53”S; 33°48’16”W) , 4♂, 3♀, 01.IX.1996, C. E. Almeida col. ( IBSP 26523 ) ; Natal (05°47’42”S; 35°12’34”W) , ♂, XII.1990, PETROBRÁS col. ( IBSP 4898 ) ; Paraíba: Bananeiras , (06°41’38”S; 35°36’15”W) , ♂, no date, B. Pickel col. ( MNRJ 01008 ) ; Campina Grande (07°14’34”S; 35°54’05”W) , 1 juv., no date, T. Leitão col. ( MNRJ 01013 ) ; Pernambuco: Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha (03°51’07”S; 32°26’01”W) , ♂, 9–19.X.2005 ( IBSP 70345 ) ; 2♂, 2♀, 9–19.X.2005 ( IBSP 70343 ) ; ♀, 17.IV.2006 ( IBSP 70347 ) ; 2♀, 17.IV.2006 ( IBSP 70344 ) all collected by G. C. C. Freitas col.; 2♀, 20.VI.2010, V.Q.P. col. ( IBSP 220041 ) ; ♀, 24.V.2010, V. Q. P. col. ( IBSP 220045 ) ; Moreno, Bonança (08°06’41”S; 35°11’52”W) , ♂, no date, B. Pickel col. ( MNRJ 01010 ) ; Custódia (08°08’51”S; 37°42’09”W) , ♂, 2 juv., no date, R. V. Ihering col. ( MNRJ 01161 ) ; Tocantins: Araguaína (07°12’39”S; 48°13’02”W) , ♀, 20.IX.2014, K. E. Castelo col. ( IBSP 237253 ) ; São João (07°11’40”S; 48°11’51”W) , ♀, 10.II.2016, K. S. Parcco col. ( IBSP 237276 ) ; Araguaína, Cimba (07°11’28”S; 48°12’08”W) , ♀, 09.VII.2014, S. Barros col. ( IBSP 237266 ) ; ♀, 25.IX.2014, C. Pereira col. ( IBSP 237238 ) ; Alagoas: Maceió (09°35’40”S; 35°41’12”W) , ♂, ♀, 01.III.2003, D. Candiani & N. L. Hung col. ( IBSP 41066 ) ; Coruripe , (10°07’30”S; 36°10’32”W) , ♂, 09.I.2010, V. Q. P. col. ( IBSP 160872 ) ; Sergipe: São Cristóvão, Campus UFSE (10°55’35”S; 07°06’09”W) , ♀ juv., no date, Equipe UFSe col. ( IBSP 10387 ) ; Mato Grosso: Canarana , (13°11’33”S; 52°14’27”W) , ♀, 16.XII.2000 – 10.I.2001, C. Q. Falatti & R.A. K. Ribeiro col. ( IBSP 27107 ) ; Bahia: ”S; 38°21’54”W), ♀, 25.II.2003, L. Almeida col. ( IBSP 39896 ) ; Jequié (13°52’04”S; 40°04’49”W) , ♂, 21–23.XI.2006, A. D. Brescovit col. ( IBSP 70992 ) ; Goiás: Aragarças, Rio Araguaia (22°43’26”S; 47°17’26”W) , ♀, 15–22.IX.1946, H. Sick col. ( MZSP 1285 ) ; Minas Gerais: Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (19°42’58.62”S; 42°44’1,69”W) , ♀, 2.IX.2003, T. Rodrigues et al. col. ( UFMG 11453 ) ; Belo Horizonte (19°55’15”S; 43°56’16”W) , ♂, ♀, 1 juv., 23.IX.1994, M.O.Gonzaga col.( IBSP 26337 ) ; 26♂, 30♀ 2 juv., III–IV.1995, A. J. Santos, M. O. Gonzaga & G. F. Dutra col. ( IBSP 26705 ) ; 7♂ 7♀, III–IV.1995, A. J. Santos, M. O. Gonzaga & G. F. Dutra col.( IBSP 37484 ) ; Bairro Coração Eucarístico, Campus da PUCMG (19°55’15.39”S; 43°59’33.12”W) , ♀, 8.III.2004, D. P.Araújo col. ( UFMG 1568 ) ; Caxambu (21°59’32”S; 44°57’11”W) , 1 juv., no date, C. F. de Mello – Leitão col. ( MNRJ 01166 ) ; Inconfidentes (22°18’47”S; 46°19’50”W) , ♂, ♀, IV– IX.2014, M.M. Souza col.,( UFMG 17458 ) ; Mato Grosso do Sul: Paranaíba (19°40’38”S; 51°11’27”W) , ♀,1983, R.R. Silva col.( IBSP 6776 ) ; Corumbá, Passo da Lontra, Base de Estudos UFMS, Pantanal (19°34’36”S; 57°01’09”W) , ♀, 22.V.1993, J. Raizer col. ( IBSP 20546 ) ; Brasilândia, Usina Hidrelétrica Engenheiro Sérgio Motta (21°15’47”S; 52°02’19”W) , ♂, 2000, D. F. Candiani & C. A. R. Souza col. ( IBSP 35245 ) ; Ivinhema , (22°18’07”S; 53°49’40”W) , ♀, 2011–2012, D.Araújo col.( IBSP 168255 ) ; ♂, 4♀, 2012, D. Araújo col. ( IBSP 168298 ) ; Bela Vista , (22°06’32”S; 56°31’16”W) , ♂, 13.II.1995, R. S. Bernilz col. ( IBSP 6267 ) ; Santa Rita do Pardo, Usina Hidrelétrica de Engenheiro Sérgio Motta (21°18’08”S; 52°49’40”W) , 10♂, 4♀, 09–10.V.2001, R.P. Indicatti & J. Império col. ( IBSP 53308 ) ; Espírito Santo: Colatina , (19°31’00”S; 40°39’08”W) , ♀, 19.I.2015, T. Pessoa col. ( IBSP 210086 ) ; São Mateus, Reserva Florestal da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (19°09’04”S; 40°04’36”W) , ♂, 05– 12.I.1998, A. D. Brescovit et al. col. ( IBSP16902 ) ; Ilha da Trindade (20°31’29”S; 29°19’29”W) , 5♂ 6♀, XII.1965, J. Becker col. ( MNRJ 02923 ) ; ♀, 04.V.2010, R. J.Alves col. ( IBSP 250264 ) ; 2♀, 04.V.2010, R. J. Alves col. ( IBSP 250268 ) ; Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional (22°54’20”S; 43°13’35”W) , ♀, 22.XI.1961, H. Cunha col.( MNRJ 02807 ) ; Campus UFRJ, Prédio Centro de Ciências da Saúde (22°50’31”S; 43°14’04”W) , ♀, 23.IX.2010, A. M. Giroti col.( IBSP 167304 ) ; São Paulo: São José do Rio Preto (20°47’41”S; 49°21’33”W) , ♂, 11.XI.2001, G. R. S. Ruiz col. ( MZSP 72756 ) ; ♂, XII.2001, G. R.S. Ruiz col. ( MZSP 72755 ) ; Águas da Prata (21°56’12”S; 46°43’00”W) , ♂, 10–15.I.1999, V.C.Onófrio col. ( IBSP 20787 ) ; ♀, 13–19.II.1999, V. C. Onófrio col. ( IBSP 22014 ) ; Tupã , (21°57’27”S; 46°54’09”W) , 2♂ 3♀, I.2002, G. R. S. Ruiz col. ( MZSP 72754 ) ; Arco-Íris (21°46’10”S; 50°25’22”W) , ♀, 10.XI.2002, G. R. S. Ruiz col. ( MZSP 72753 ) ; Presidente Epitácio (21°46’29”S; 52°06’45”W) , 4♂, ♀, 20–25.III.2001, J. P. Guadanucci & R. Bertani col. ( IBSP 53233 ) ; Águas de Lindóia (22°28’35”S; 46°43’00”W) , ♂, 23– 25.I.1999, M. P. Castro col. ( IBSP 20646 ) ; Monte Alegre do Sul, Fazenda Santa Maria (22°41’07”S; 46°40’51”W) , ♀, 27–31.XII.1942, B. A. M. Soares col. ( MZSP 14446 ) ; Americana (22°43’26”S; 47°17’26”W) , ♂, 03.VII.1944, R. Eller col. ( MZSP 5478 ) ; ‘ 1♂, 03.VII.1944, R. Eller col. ( MZSP 5480 ) ; Botucatu, Fazenda Lageado (22°50’17”S; 48°32’44”W) , ♀, 08.VI.2003, E. F. Santos & C. R. S. Santos col.( IBSP 39666 ) ; Paraguaçu Paulista (22°24’46”S; 50°34’33”W) , ♀, III.1995, B. S. A. Mourad col. ( IBSP 6070 ) ; Primavera (22°31’41”S; 52°56’53”W) , ♂ ( IBSP 53061 ) ; ♀ ( IBSP 53110 ) ; ♀ ( IBSP 53144 ) all collected on 2001 by Equipe IBSP col.; 12♂, 9♀, II.2001, D. F. Candiani & R. P. Indicatti col. ( IBSP 53431 ) ; Carapicuiba (23°31’21”S; 46°50’08”W) , ♂, ♀, 20.III.1996, L. C. Silva col. ( IBSP 14373 ) ; Embu das Artes (23°38’56”S; 46°51’08”W) , ♂, 23.X.1990, R. Eimerly col. ( IBSP 11728 ) ; Francisco Morato (23°16’54”S; 46°44’43”W) , ♀, 11.VII.1977, B. R. Reis col. ( IBSP 19868 ) ; Pirituba (23°28’44”S; 46°44’30”W) , ♂, ♀, 05.VII.2012, P. Fecchio col. ( IBSP 211717 ) ; Santana de Parnaíba (23°26’39”S; 46°55’04”W) , ♂, 21.I.1978, F. Santos col. ( IBSP 19707 ) ; São Bernardo do Campo (23°41’38”S; 46°33’54”W) , ♂, 27.III1989, E.G. Castro col. ( IBSP 20288 ) ; ♀, 06.I.2010, V. Q. P. col. ( IBSP 160867 ) ; ♂, 09.I.2010, V. Q. P. col. ( IBSP 160880 ) ; ♂, 13.I.2010, V. Q. P. col. ( IBSP 160874 ) ; ♂, 13.I.2010, V. Q. P. col. ( IBSP 160877 ) ; ♂, 18.I.2010, V. Q. P. col. ( IBSP 160879 ) ; ♀, 25.I.2010, V. Q. P. col. ( IBSP 160875 ) ; ♂, 25.I.2010, V. Q. P. col. ( IBSP 160886 ) ; São Paulo (23°32’51”S; 46°38’10”W) , ♀, M. L. Pereira col., 1941 ( MZSP 9246 ) ; ♂, 16.XII.1997, A. D. Brescovit col. ( IBSP 15358 ) ; 1juv., 1999, A. D. Brescovit col. ( IBSP 27887 ) ; ♀, 06.IV.1999, F. S. Cunha col. ( IBSP 34230 ) ; ♀, 06.IV.1999, D. F. Candiani col. ( IBSP 34231 ) ; ♂, no date, D. F.Candiani col. ( IBSP 35795 ) ; Bairro Butantã (23°33’50”S; 46°43’31”W) , ♀, 17.XII.1999, D. F. Candiani col. ( IBSP 34197 ) ; 2♀, 02.V.2000, F. S. Cunha col. ( IBSP 34199 ) ; ♀, 04.V.2000, F. S. Cunha col. ( IBSP 34201 ) ; ♀, 16.XI.2000, J. Império col. ( IBSP 34204 ) ; ♀, 21.XI.2000, J. Império col. ( IBSP 34202 ) ; 2♂ 2♀, 23.XI.2000, J. Império col. ( IBSP 34203 ) ; ♂, 14.II.2001, R. P. Indicatti col. ( IBSP 34198 ) ; ♂, ♀, 14.II.2001, M. S. Sebastião col.( IBSP34200 ) ; Vila São Francisco (23°33’50”S; 46°43’31”W) , ♂, 16.XII.1999, F. S. Cunha col.( IBSP 34234 ) ; Campus USP (23°33’41”S; 46°43’50”W) , ♂, 16.XII.1999, F.S.Cunha col.( IBSP 34209 ) ; ♂, 24.X.2000, F. S. Cunha col. ( IBSP 34211 ) ; ♀, 24.X.2000, F. S. Cunha col. ( IBSP 34212 ) ; ♂, 20.XII.1999, R. P. Indicatti col. ( IBSP 34213 ) ; 2♀, 20.I.2000, D. F. Candiani col. ( IBSP 34215 ) ; ♀, 21.I.2000, D. F. Candiani col. ( IBSP 34214 ) ; ♂, 06.XII.2001, M.S. Sebastião col. ( IBSP 34210 ) ; 3♂, 20.V.2003, C. D. Barron col.( IBSP 131542 ) ; ♂ ( IBSP 239786 ) ; ♀, juv.( IBSP 239830 ) ; ♂ ( IBSP 239836 ) ; ♀ ( IBSP 239838 ) ; ♀ ( IBSP 239843 ) all collected on XI.2013 by S. D. Hilário col.; Campus USP, Reserva Florestal da CUASO (23°33’49”S 46°43’15”W) , ♀, 04.VIII.1999, D. F. Candiani col. ( IBSP 34228 ) ; Bairro Caxingui (23°34’56”S; 46°43’08”W) , 2♀, 14.VI.1999, M. S. Sebastião col. ( IBSP 34232 ) ; ♀, 14.VI.1999, M. S. Sebastião col.( IBSP 34233 ) ; ♂, 16.VI.1999, F. S. Cunha col. ( IBSP 33438 ) ; Campus Instituto Butantan (23°34’03”S; 46°43’07”W) , ♀, 20.II.1997, A. D. Brescovit col. ( IBSP 13946 ) ; ♂, 10.XI.2000, A. D. Brescovit col. ( IBSP 26837 ) ; ♂, 21.XII.1998, F. S. Cunha col. ( IBSP 20866 ) ; ♂, 25.XII.2002, F. S. Cunha col. ( IBSP 37322 ) ; Jardim Bonfiglioli (23°34’50”S; 46°44’15”W) , ♂, ♀, 20.VII.1999, D. F. Candiani col. ( IBSP 34208 ) ; ♂, 21.VII.1999, D. F. Candiani col. ( IBSP 34205 ) ; ♂, 21.VII.1999, D. F. Candiani col. ( IBSP 34206 ) ; ♀, 21.VII.1999, R. P. Indicatti col. ( IBSP 34207 ) ; Jardim Rizzo (23°34’45”S; 46°43’51”W) , ♀, 09.XI.1998, A. D. Brescovit col. ( IBSP 20648 ) ; ♂, 4♀, 3 juv., 09.XI.1998, A. D. Brescovit col. ( IBSP 20683 ) ; ♂, 09.XI.1998, M. P. Castro col. ( IBSP 20658 ) ; ♀, 02.II.1999, M. P. Castro col. ( IBSP 21408 ) ; ♂, ♀, 02.II.1999, H. F. Japyassu col. ( IBSP 21422 ) ; ♂, 02.II.1999, M. P. Castro & F. S. Cunha col. ( IBSP 28782 ) ; ♂, 14.IV.2000, F. S. Cunha col.( IBSP 34225 ) ; ♂, 14.IV.2000, J. Império col. ( IBSP 34226 ) ; ♀, 15.IV.2000, J. Império col.( IBSP 34227 ) ; Vila Pirajussara (23°34’19”S; 46°42’58”W) , ♀, 20.I.2000, D.F.Candiani col.( IBSP 34216 ) ; ♂, 20.I.2000, F. S. Cunha col. ( IBSP 34217 ) ; ♀ ( IBSP 34222 ) ; ♀ ( IBSP 34223 ) ; ♂, 2♀ ( IBSP 34224 ) all collected on 01.VIII.2000 by F.S. Cunha; ♀, 01.VIII.2000, J. Império col.( IBSP 34221 ) ; ♂, 26.X.2000, J. Império col. ( IBSP 34218 ) ; ♀, 26.X.2000, M. S. Sebastião col. ( IBSP 34219 ) ; Ipiranga (23°35’03”S; 46°36’07”W) , ♂, 15.V.1945, T. Meissner col. ( MZSP 5479 ) ; Jardim Caravelas (23°38’20”S; 46°42’59”W) , ♀, XII.2006, C. G. Peixoto col. ( IBSP 72051 ) ; Instituto de Previdência, Parque da Previdência (23°34’47”S; 46°43’36”W) , ♀, 15.V.2001, R. P. Indicatti col. ( IBSP 39678 ) ; ♂, 20. IV.2001, R. P. Indicatti col. ( IBSP 39677 ) ; ♂, 20.IV.2001, R. P. Indicatti col. ( IBSP 39683 ) ; Suzano , SABESP (23°33’03”S; 46°18’58”W) , ♂, 08.III.2005, D. Polotow col. ( IBSP 51608 ) ; Promissão, Rodovia BR-153, Km 39 (23°17’22”S; 50°03’39”W) , ♂, ♀, VI–VII.2001, no collector ( IBSP 28432 ) ; Guarulhos (23°26’39”S; 46°27’55”W) , ♀, 12.XII.1941, F. S. Pereira col. ( MZSP 10764 ) ; Itatinga, Lobo (22°58’00.0”S; 48°44’50.0”W) , ♂, 09.I.1982, Soares col. ( MZSP 60801 ) ; Botucatu, Jardim Botânico , UNESP (22°53’08.0”S; 48°26’42.0”W) , ♂, 1.IX.1982, Soares col.( MZSP 63068 ) ; Presidente Epitácio, Usina Hidrelétrica Engenheiro Sérgio Motta, Ilha da Lagoa do Machado (21°39’36”S; 52°01’24”W) , ♀, 30.III.2001, R. P. Indicatti & C. A. R. Souza col. ( IBSP 38391 ) ; Paraná: Morretes, Parque Estadual Pico do Marumbi (25°26’43”S; 48°54’58”W) , ♀, 28. IV–25.VIII.1996, J.A. Caetano col. ( IBSP 7330 ) ; ♂, 28.IV–25.VIII.1996, J.A. Caetano col. ( IBSP 7331 ) ; Santa Catarina: Blumenau (26°55’10”S; 49°03’58”W) , 2♀, 08–10.IX.1966, H. Riehm col. ( IBSP 8238 ) ; ♀, XI.1924, H. Luederwaldt col. ( MZSP 9245 ) ; Rio Grande do Sul: Santa Maria , (29°46’39”S; 53°49’28”W) , ♂, 6♀, 09.V.1973, no collector ( MCN 1676 ) ; 2♂, 2♀, I–VI.1982, no collector ( MCN 12012 ) ; Porto Alegre (30°06’31”S; 51°10’37”W) , ♀, 19.V.1973, no col. ( MCN 3580 ) ; ♂, 24.II.1989, M. A. L. Marques col. ( MCN 18414 ) ; Vila Cruzeiro (30°03’12”S; 51°10’08”W) , ♂, 12.IX.1986, M. A. L. Marques col. ( MCN 16696 ) ; ♀, 15.IX.1986, M. A. L. Marques col. ( MCN 16695 ) ; Viamão (30°05’51”S; 51°00’54”W) , 2♂, 2♀, 15.III.1987, M.A.L. Marques col. ( MCN 16765 ) ; Pelotas (31°34’05”S; 52°17’09”W) , ♀, 12.I.2002, E. H. Buckup col. ( MCN 34367 ) ; ♀, 05.V.2002, E. H. Buckup col. ( MCN 34369 ) ; 2♂, 06.V.2002, E. H. Buckup col. ( MCN 34368 ) .

Figures

Figs 7–12. Menemerus bivittatus (Dufour, 1831) (7, 9, 10: ♂, 8, 11, 12: ♀). Figs 7, 8, habitus, dorsal view; 9, palp, ventral view; 10, palp, retrolateral view; 11, epigynum, ventral view; 12, epigynum, dorsal view (CO, copulatory opening; CP, central pocket; E, embolus; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SD, sperm duct; TL, tegular lobe).