Calycites” puryearensis Berry 1930

Na, Yuling, Blanchard, Jane & Wang, Hongshan, 2019, Fruits, seeds and flowers from the Puryear clay pit (middle Eocene Cockfield Formation), western Tennessee, USA, Palaeontologia Electronica (a 49) 23 (3), pp. 1-57 : 28-39

“ Calycites” puryearensis Berry 1930

Figure 33

Description. Laterally compressed floral structure consisting of five (six?) lanceolate perianth parts ca. 11–14 mm long and 3 mm wide at the base; ca. 5 fine, parallel veins present in each part; apex attenuate, surface pubescent; anthers 0.2–0.3 mm long and 0.2 mm wide, clinging to the surface of the perianth part.

Number of specimens examined. 2. UF15820- 059460, 043599.

Remarks. Calycites is a fossil genus established by Berry (1930) for three different types of floral structures from the Claiborne Group in Tennessee. Calycites milanensis Berry (1930, p. 142, pl. 49, figures 6–8) is based on five specimens from the Holly Springs sand, 1 mile west of Milan, Gibson County, Tennessee. The largest floral structure is 2.6 cm in diameter. Berry described C. milanensis as “a large gamosepalous calyx divided for one-third to one-half the distance inward toward the round hole representing the receptacle into five parabolically rounded lobes.” He suggested that these floral structures might be related to Diospyros ( Ebenaceae ). The second type, Calycites rhizophoroides Berry (1930, pp. 142–143, pl. 45, figure 12), also of unknown affinity, is a tetramerous coriaceous calyx (2.4 cm in diameter) from Grable pit, Henry County, Tennessee.

The third type, Calycites puryearensis Berry (1930, p. 142, pl. 48, figure 4), is based on two specimens (he only illustrates one) from Puryear that closely resemble ours. Berry described it as a five-lobed calyx with five lanceolate lobes and a short peduncle. However, his illustration does not show the presence of a peduncle or pedicel. His illustration does show apices of six lanceolate parts with basal portions superimposed, like the specimen we describe here. The six floral parts may slightly overlap at the base and when compressed, they do look like one calyx with six lobes rather than six individual floral parts.

In this report, we treat Berry’s illustrated Calycites puryearensis (1930, p. 142, pl. 48, figure 4) specimen as the same type as our specimens. We retain Berry’s species epithet but add quotations marks to the generic name to indicate that this fossil species should probably be moved to a different genus. This is because that one dispersed floral part ( Figure 33.4–6 ) has at least four anthers (0.2– 0.3 mm long and 0.2 mm wide) clinging to the base. Considering the floral structure has six parts, it may represent a monocot flower.

Claiborne Floral Type 2

Figure 34

Description. A laterally compressed flower ca. 9 mm long (including pedicel) and 12 mm wide (between the apices of two lateral perianth parts); perianth parts (three observed) ca. 6 mm long and 3 mm wide, fused for one-third of their length; free parts ca. 4 mm long, triangular; a mid-vein present, extending directly to the apices; lateral veins faint, reticulate. Ovary superior, ca. 2 mm in diameter. Pedicel short, 2 mm long and 1 mm wide.

Number of specimens examined. 1. UF15820- 002247, 002247’.

Remarks. This Puryear specimen has been assigned to the same morphotype as a specimen from the Warman locality (Wang et al., 2013, p. 46, figure 36.3–4). It differs from the Warman specimen in that trichomes are not observed, and a midvein is present on each perianth part. However, we place it in the same type as the Warman specimen based on the fact that they both have a superior ovary and triangular perianth parts that are fused at the base.

Claiborne Floral Type 5

Figure 35

Description. Vertically preserved flower ca. 2 cm in diameter with five persistent perianth parts and a hypogynous ovary containing five triangular carpels. Ovary 5 mm in diameter. Perianth parts distinct, each 8 mm long and 6 mm wide, containing one major medial vein, and 3–4 thinner, parallel veins on each side. Medial vein extending to the apex and thinner veins branching at various distances from the base to form minor , reticulate veins.

Number of specimens examined. 1. UF15820- 061132.

Remarks. This is a very common floral type that has also been described from the Warman clay pit, Tennessee (Wang et al., 2013, figure 39), and the Bolden clay pit, Mississippi (Blanchard et al., 2016, figure 27, table 4; also Table 4 in this paper). This specimen from the Puryear locality does not display any new characters but the presence of five persistent perianth parts and a hypogynous ovary containing five triangular carpels, and the venation of the perianth parts are consistent with those of specimens from the Bolden and Warman localities.

Claiborne Floral Type 8

Figure 36

Description. Vertically compressed flower 8 mm in diameter; ovary inferior. Sepals alternating with petals; sepals equilateral or isosceles-triangular in shape, 2.5 mm long and 2 mm wide at the base. Petals thin, not well preserved. Three sepals and three petals in two separate whorls. Well-developed hypanthium circular in vertical view (2 mm in diameter) with a distal rim ca. 0.5 mm thick. Filaments at least 10, each at least 3 mm long and ca. 0.1 mm wide, evenly distributed on the rim of the hypanthium; anthers not observed.

Number of specimens examined. 1. UF15820- 059478.

Remarks. Three sepals and three petals are observed in this flower, and they can be distinguished by their color and position of attachment on the circular hypanthium rim. Based their position, there are probably four sepals and four petals, indicating a 4-merous flower. Like the Bovay specimens (Blanchard et al., 2016, figure 29), the Puryear specimen shows an even distribution of filaments on the rim of the hypanthium. Unlike the Bovay specimens, this specimen from Puryear shows distinctly different petals and sepals.

Claiborne Floral Type 15

Figure 37

Description. Laterally preserved flower 2–3 mm long and 3–5 mm wide with three perianth parts each ca. 1.5–2.5 mm long and 1–2.5 mm wide. Apex of each perianth part rounded or acute. Receptacle obtriangular, 0.5 mm long and 0.75 mm wide. Pedicel short, ca. 0.5 mm long and 0.4 mm wide.

Number of specimens examined. 3. UF15820- 059404, CONN-Q6-02, Q7-P4686.

Remarks. These specimens are the same as Claiborne Floral Type 15 from the Bovay locality (Blanchard et al., 2016, p. 37, figure 36) in having three perianth parts with similar size and shape but with greater minimum width, except that a perianth part may have a rounded apex. The shape of the perianth parts varies, even in one specimen ( Figure 37.1 ). This variation might be the result of folding of the distal portion of the perianth parts before deposition/preservation. In Figure 37.3 , the circular depression may represent a compressed ovary.

Claiborne Floral Type 18

Figure 38

Description. Laterally preserved flower with clustered stamens and fused filaments, at least two perianth parts, and a short pedicel. Filament column ca. 1.5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, with at least six anthers. Anthers 1–1.5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. Perianth part curved, with acute apex, 2.5 mm long and 1.2 mm wide. Pedicel 1.5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide.

Number of specimens examined. 1. CONN-Q1- P120.

Remarks. This specimen from Puryear belongs to the same floral type from the Bovay clay pit (Blanchard et al., 2016, p.38, figure 39). The ovary of this flower is not as obvious as those specimens from the Bovay locality.

Claiborne Floral Type 21

Figure 39

Description. Petal, broadly obovate in outline, ca. 2.2 cm long and ca. 2.4 cm wide distally. Base slightly concave ca. 0.5 cm wide. A prominent midvein present, extending directly to the midpoint of notched apex; finer veins from both the midvein and the truncated base exmedially curved and forking 3–5 times before reaching the margin.

Number of specimens examined. 1. UF15820- 059487.

Remarks. This detached petal represents one part of a large flower at least 5 cm in diameter. The venation pattern of the petal differs from other known flowers from the Claiborne Group. Berry (1930) mentioned the occurrence of many large flower petals, varying somewhat in shape, and some of which are emarginate at the apex. He did not assign them to any taxa or illustrate them. Berry (1930, p. 54, pl. 29, figure 5) assigned one specimen which is from the Holly Springs sand locality north of Shandy, Hardeman County, Tennessee, to Potamogeton , and described it as a floating leaf. This specimen, possibly representing a petal, differs from the Puryear specimen in having fine veins that converge at the rounded apex.

Claiborne Floral Type 22

Figure 40

Description. Laterally preserved flower showing two complete perianth parts ca. 3 mm long and 2 mm wide, and three incomplete perianth parts. Each perianth part with six or seven parallel veins that diminish near the rounded apex. Partial remains of ovary ca. 1.5 mm in diameter.

Number of specimens examined. 1. UF15820- 002244a.

Remarks. This specimen is similar to Claiborne Floral Type 15 from the Bovay locality in Mississippi (Blanchard et al., 2016, p.37, figure 36). It differs from Claiborne Floral Type 15 in having larger perianth parts with rounded apices and relatively strong venation, and in the absence of a receptacle or pedicel.

Claiborne Floral Type 23

Figure 41

Description. Laterally compressed flower ca. 3 mm long and 4 mm wide; five perianth parts observed, elliptic, each ca. 3 mm long and 2 mm wide, with a prominent, straight midvein extending to the acute apex. Pedicel at least 5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide.

Number of specimens examined. 1. UF15820- 002259.

Remarks. This flower differs from other similarly sized flowers ( Table 4) from the Claiborne in having a long pedicel and a single whorl of five perianth parts with prominent, straight midveins.

Claiborne Floral Type 24

Figure 42

Description. Laterally compressed flower 9 mm long and 5 mm at the widest point. Pedicel 3 mm long and 1.5 mm wide. At least three perianth parts visible, tapering towards the apices. Fine longitudinal striations present.

Number of specimens examined. 1. UF15820- 043622a.

Remarks. The dark area in the middle of this floral type probably indicates the presence of an ovary. The morphology of the perianth parts is similar to the specimen identified as Carpolithus plumosus (Berry, 1930, pl. 48, figure 3) and “ Calycites” puryearensis (Berry, 1930, pl. 48, figure 4; Figure 33 ). The new floral type differs from them in that it has a short pedicel and an ovary.

Claiborne Floral Type 25

Figure 43

Description. Vertically compressed flower with two whorls of floral parts; 4 light-colored parts (petals?) alternately arranged with 4 dark-colored parts (sepals?); light-colored floral parts elliptic, 2 mm long and 1 mm wide; dark-colored floral parts ca. 1 mm long and 0.5 mm wide.

Number of specimens examined. 1. CONNP121.

Remarks. This floral type may belong to the same taxon, cf. Populus sp. , reported from the Bolden clay pit, Mississippi, by Blanchard et al. (2016, p. 15, figure 13). They both are 4-merous and have floral parts of the same size. We temporarily treat them as two types since the Puryear specimen is smaller and has four more dark-colored floral parts. This floral type from Puryear differs from Eoceltis dilcheri Zavada and Crepet, 1981 ( Figure 19 in this paper) in having two alternately arranged whorls of perianth parts, and smaller size.

Claiborne Floral Type 26

Figure 44

Description. Laterally compressed flower with at least three floral parts, each ca. 10 mm long and 3 mm wide, with three acrodromous major veins and finer parallel veins, enclosing a suborbiculate part (ovary or fruit?), 5 mm long and 3 mm wide.

Number of specimens examined. 1. UF15820- 2228.

Remarks. This floral type differs from other types in that its floral parts (petals?) have three acrodromous veins running in convergent arches toward the apices.

Claiborne Floral Type 27

Figure 45

Description. Flower at least 1 cm in diameter; perianth parts not well-preserved; Stamens numerous, attached to the base of perianth parts; anthers, narrow elliptic, 1 mm long and 0.2–0.5 mm wide; filaments ca. 4 mm long and 0.1–0.2 mm wide; connective extending the whole length of the anther.

Number of specimens examined. 3. CONN-Q01- 18, Q01-03, Q06-04a.

Remarks. These specimens are similar to Claiborne Floral Type 20 from the Bovay clay pit (Blanchard et al., 2016, p. 40, figure 41), Mississippi in that both floral types have numerous stamens. They differ in that the new floral type from Puryear has longer filaments, larger anthers (1 mm long and 0.2–0.5 mm vs ca. 0.8 mm long and 0.6 mm wide), and different anther shape (narrow elliptic vs suborbiculate).

Claiborne Floral Type 28

Figure 46

Description. Laterally compressed flower ca. 6 mm in diameter, with numerous filaments attached to a central point; filaments ca. 3 mm long and 0.2 mm wide; pedicel ca. 7 mm long and 1 mm wide; number of perianth parts unknown.

Number of specimens examined. 1. CONN-Q06- 11.

Remarks. This floral type differs from Claiborne Floral Type 20 and 28, in that its filaments are attached to a central point instead of to the bases of the perianth parts ( Table 4).

Angiosperm Incertae Sedis - Infloresences

Claiborne Inflorescence Type 1

Figure 47

NA, BLANCHARD & WANG: FOSSIL PLANTS FROM TENNESSEE

Description. Umbellate inflorescence laterally compressed, bearing four pedicels and one floral bud; peduncle 11 mm long and 0.7 mm wide; floral bud elliptic, 1.5–3 mm long and 1–1.5 mm wide; at least two perianth parts present on the floral bud; pedicel length variable, 1–1.5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide.

Number of specimens examined. 1. UF15820- 043613.

Remarks. The morphology of this inflorescence type is unique in that it is umbellate. This inflorescence type has only been recovered from the Puryear locality to date.

Angiosperm Incertae Sedis - Infructescences

Claiborne Infructescence Type 1

Figure 48

Description. Elongate infructescence 2 cm long and 1 cm wide with ca. 15 helically arranged fruits. Individual fruits ca. 3 mm in diameter.

Number of specimens examined. 1. UF15820- 059475.

Remarks. A pedicel is not observed on the Puryear specimen. Wang et al. (2013) described 15 specimens from the Warman clay pit, Tennessee. The cuticle of each fruit appears wrinkled, as in the Warman specimens. Table 5 compares the 14

infructescence types in the ANGIOSPERM INCERTAE SEDIS category.

Claiborne Infructescence Type 8

Figure 49

Description. Infructescence paniculate; panicle determinate, with at least 5 branches attached on the main axis ca. 38 mm long and 1 mm wide; peduncle of each branch varying from 4 to 10 mm long and ca. 0.5 mm wide; each branch bearing two lateral, pedicellate fruits and 1 central, sessile fruit; immature fruits with at least three perianth parts; pedicel length 1.5 to 4 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. Fruits wide ovate, 3–4 mm long and 2–3 mm wide; style persistent, one on each fruit, 1–1.5 mm long and ca. 0.3 mm wide.

Number of specimens examined. 3. UF15820- 059392, 059393, 059395.

Remarks. Figure 49.3–4 shows that one middle fruit and one lateral fruit still have perianth parts attached, probably representing an early stage of fruit development. The middle fruit is always larger supporting the hypothesis that this is a determinate panicle.

Claiborne Infructescence Type 9

Figure 50

Description. Infructescence racemose; unbranched peduncle (axis) at least 12 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, bearing 10 alternately arranged, pedicellate fruiting structures; mature fruiting structures detached with only pedicel scars (bases?) left on the peduncle as protrusions; fruiting structure 3–7 mm long and ca. 3–4 mm wide, enclosed by numerous spines; pedicel 2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide.

Number of specimens examined. 1. UF15820- 059394.

Remarks. In gross morphology, the fruiting structure of this infructescence is similar to the fibrous fruits described from the Lamkin clay pit, Kentucky (UF15815) by Grote (1989, pp. 172–174, pl. VIII, figures 1–8). They differ in that (1) the fibrous fruits from Lamkin possess thin fibers instead of spines and (2) the bases of the fibrous fruits from Lamkin are not decurrent, indicating the absence of the pedicels. Due to the poor preservation, it is difficult to tell if each fruiting structure of the Puryear specimen represents one or multiple fruits and for the same reason, the spines may be bracts or remnant perianth.

Claiborne Infructescence Type 10

Figure 51

Description. Infructescence spherical, ca. 5–8 mm in diameter. Peduncle 6–10 mm long and 1–1.3 mm wide, with smooth surface. Individual fruits sessile, at least 20, each ca. 1 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, apex rounded or truncate.

Number of specimens examined. 8. UF15820- 059472; 061124.

Remarks. Wang et al. (2013, pp. 56–67, figure 49) described two specimens from the Warman clay pit, Tennessee and assigned them to “Sparganium” sp. The specimens from the Puryear locality are similar to those from the Warman locality in size and shape. However, they differ in that (1) individual fruits of the Puryear infructescence have rounded or truncate apices and (2) the peduncles lack trichomes. Based on these differences we assign the Puryear specimens to a different infructescence type.

Claiborne Infructescence Type 11

Figure 52

Description. Laterally preserved infructescence with two pedicellate, elongate ovate/elliptical fruits ca. 14–18 mm long and 5–10 mm wide, tapering to an acute apex. Longitudinal grooves/ridges visible. Pedicel thin, ca. 7 mm long and 0.5 mm wide.

Number of specimens examined. 4. UF15820- 059400, 061140.

Remarks. Compared with Claiborne Infructescence Type 12 ( Table 5), the pedicel of this infructescence type is shorter and the fruit size is smaller.

Claiborne Infructescence Type 12

Figure 53

Description. Branched axis ca. 1 mm wide bearing three elliptical/obovate fruits. Fruit obovate, ca. 6–9 mm long and 4–6 mm wide. Pedicel at least 15 mm long and 0.5 mm wide.

Number of specimens examined. 1. UF15820- 061143.

Remarks. These fruits look like undehisced capsules. They differ from Claiborne Infructescence Type 11 in having longer pedicels, smaller fruits,

and in lacking the obvious longitudinal grooves/ ridges ( Table 5).

Claiborne Infructescence Type 13

Figure 54

Description. Vertically preserved infructescence with three globose fruits; each fruit ca. 1 cm in diameter, attached to a peduncle ca. 2 mm in diameter.

Number of specimens examined. 1. UF15820- 043602, 043602’.

Remarks. It is not known if pedicels are present or how the fruits are attached to the peduncle. If the pedicels are present, they probably are very short.

The peduncle is indicated by a depression in Figure 54.2 .

The shape of this infructescence is similar to that of Lobataticarpum variabile Reid and Chandler (1933, p. 314, pl. 14, figures 18–19), with three- or four-lobed syncarpous fruits that have questionable affinities with the Anacardiaceae . However, the specimen from Puryear represents an infructescence with possibly three single-seeded fruits.

Claiborne Infructescence Type 14

Figure 55

Description. Spherical infructescence 5–6 mm in diameter, with 10 sessile fruits attached to a peduncle ca. 12 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. Each fruit ca. 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide, with truncate apex.

Number of specimens examined. 1. CONN-R1- 01.

Remarks. This infructescence is similar to Claiborne Infructescence Type 10 in that both are spherical with sessile fruits ( Table 5). They differ in that Claiborne Infructescence Type 14 has smaller infructescence size, longer and slenderer peduncle, and fewer fruits.

Angiosperm Insertae Sedis - Fruits and Seeds

Figures

FIGURE 19. Eoceltis dilcheri Zavada and Crepet, 1981: 1) 15816-001356, specimen showing two flowers each with three tepals. Note filaments (f) and dense, simple trichomes (t). Scale bar equals 1 mm; 2) UF15816- 000455, showing a flower with four tepals covered with dense, simple trichomes (t). Scale bar equals 1 mm.

FIGURE 33. “Calycites” puryearensis Berry, 1930: 1) UF15820-059460', specimen showing six floral parts. Scale bar equals 2 mm; 2) Enlargement of the middle portion of a floral part in Figure 33.1 to show venation and trichomes. Scale bar equals 1 mm; 3) UF15820-059460, counterpart of Figure 33.2 showing five floral parts with acute apices. Scale bar equals 2 mm; 4) UF15820-043599, a dispersed floral part. Scale bar equals 2 mm; 5) Enlargement of Figure 33.4 (indicated by arrow) to show anthers clinging to the floral part. Scale bar equals 0.5 mm; 6) counterpart of Figure 33.4. Scale bar equals 2 mm.

FIGURE 34. Claiborne Floral Type 2: 1) UF15820- 002247, flower with a superior ovary (o) which is represented by the depression. Note midvein of a perianth part (indicated by arrow); 2) UF15820-002247', counterpart of flower showing three perianth parts fused at the base and midvein of one perianth part (indicated by arrow). All scale bars equal 2 mm.

FIGURE 35. Claiborne Floral Type 5: 1) UF15820- 061132, showing a vertically preserved flower with five persistent perianth parts. Scale bar equals 2 mm; 2) Enlargement of a perianth part in Figure 35.1 (indicated by arrow) to show reticulate fine venation. Scale bar equals 1 mm; 3) Enlargement of the ovary in Figure 35.1 to show triangular carpels (indicated by numbers). Scale bar equals 1 mm.

FIGURE 36. Claiborne Floral Type 8: UF15820-059478, flower showing alternating sepals (s) and petals (p), and filaments. Note even distribution of filaments. Scale bar equals 1 mm.

FIGURE 37. Claiborne Floral Type 15: 1) CONN-Q6-02 and 2) UF15820-004686, laterally preserved flowers showing three perianth parts. Note rounded apex of the middle perianth part; 3) UF15820-059404, laterally compressed flower with three perianth parts and a short pedicel (indicated by arrow). All scale bars equal 1 mm.

FIGURE 39. Claiborne Floral Type 21: UF15820- 059487, showing a broadly obovate petal with a prominent midvein and forking fine veins. Scale bar equals 3 mm.

FIGURE 40. Claiborne Floral Type 22: 1) UF15820- 002244a', showing a laterally preserved flower. The third and fourth perianth parts are indicated by arrows. Note the parallel veins on the two perianth parts in the middle; 2) UF15820-002244a, counterpart showing the fifth floral part (indicated by arrow). All scale bars equal 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 41. Claiborne Floral Type 23: 1) UF15820- 002259', laterally preserved flower with five perianth parts. The fourth and fifth parts are indicated by arrows. Note prominent midveins of the perianth parts; 2) UF15820-002259, counterpart showing the elliptic shape, represented by the central perianth part. All scale bars equal 1 mm.

FIGURE 42. Claiborne Floral Type 24: UF15820- 043622a, laterally compressed flower with a short pedicel and at least three perianth parts (indicated by arrows). Scale bar equals 1 mm.

FIGURE 43. Claiborne Floral Type 25: CONN-P121, vertically compressed flower with two whorls of floral parts. Scale bar equals 1 mm.

FIGURE 44. Claiborne Floral Type 26: UF15820- 002228, laterally compressed flower with at least three floral parts, each with three acrodromous major veins and finer parallel veins, enclosing a suborbiculate part (ovary or fruit?). Scale bar equals 2 mm.

FIGURE 45. Claiborne Floral Type 27: 1) CONN-Q01- 18, flower with stamens attached to the base of perianth part (indicated by arrow); 2) CONN-Q06-04a, flower with perianth parts (indicated by arrow) and stamens; 3) CONN-Q01-03, flower with perianth parts (indicated by arrow on the left) and numerous anthers. Note that the connective extends the whole length of the anther (indicated by arrow on the right). All scale bars equal 2 mm.

FIGURE 46. Claiborne Floral Type 28: 1, 2) CONN-Q06-11, Q06-11ꞌ, part and counterpart of a flower showing fila- ments, perianth parts (indicated by arrows), and pedicel. All scale bars equal 1 mm.

FIGURE 47. Claiborne Inflorescence Type 1: 1) UF15820-043613, showing umbellate inflorescence. Scale bar equals 1 mm; 2) Enlargement of Figure 47.1 to show four floral parts (indicated by arrows), two with floral buds attached and two with only pedicel attached. Note the 4th pedicel and floral bud are superimposed over the peduncle. Scale bar equals 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 48. Claiborne Infructescence Type 1: UF15820-059475, infructescence with helically arranged fruits. Scale bar equals 2 mm.

FIGURE 49. Claiborne Infructescence Type 8: 1, 2) UF15820-059392, 059392', part and counterpart of specimen showing paniculate infructescence. Note persistent styles (indicated by arrows); 3) UF15820-059393, specimen showing two lateral pedicellate fruits and one middle sessile fruit. Note perianth parts on two fruits on the left; 4) Enlargement of Figure 49.3 to show perianth parts. Note the middle sessile fruit and two lateral pedicellate fruits, and their size differences. Note three perianth parts of the lateral fruit on the left. Scale bar equals 1 mm; 5) Enlargement of Figure 49.2 to show the middle, sessile fruit and one lateral pedicellate fruit. Note their size difference. All scale bars equal 3 mm except in Figure 49.4, which equals 1 mm, and in Figure 49.5, which equals 2 mm.

FIGURE 50. Claiborne Infructescence Type 9: 1) UF15820-059394, specimen showing an incomplete infructescence and two dispersed fruiting structures. Note at least eight protrusions, probably representing the bases of pedicels, present on the peduncle. Scale bar equals 3 mm; 2) Enlargement of Figure 50.1. Scale bar equals 1 mm; 3) Enlargement of Figure 50.1 to show spines on the fruiting structures. Scale bar equals 1 mm.

FIGURE 51. Claiborne Infructescence Type 10: 1) UF15820-059472, specimen showing an infructescence; 2) UF15820-061124, showing two superimposed infructescences. Note individual fruits with rounded or truncate apices (indicated by arrow). All scale bars equal 1 mm.

FIGURE 52. Claiborne Infructescence Type 11: 1) UF15820-059400, infructescence with two fruits; 2) UF15820-061140, a dispersed fruit with a decurrent base and a pedicel. All scale bars equal 3 mm.

FIGURE 53. Claiborne Infructescence Type 12: UF15820-061143, a branched axis bearing three elliptical/obovate fruits. Scale bar equals 3 mm.

FIGURE 54. Claiborne Infructescence Type 13: 1, 2) UF15820-043602, 043602', vertically preserved infructescence with three globose fruits. Arrow in Figure 54.2 indicates a depression, suggesting the presence of a peduncle. All scale bars equal 3 mm.

FIGURE 55. Claiborne Infructescence Type 14: CONN- R1-01, specimen showing at least four infructescences. The one in the middle has a long peduncle attached. Scale bar equals 3 mm.