Orophila campaspe ( Hewitson, 1869 )

Zubek, Anna, Pyrcz, Tomasz, Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Boyer, Pierre, Cerdeña, Jose, Mahecha-Jiménez, Oscar & Huertas, Blanca, 2017, Systematic revision of the Andean butterfly genus Orophila Staudinger, 1886 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Biblidinae), Zootaxa 4258 (5), pp. 443-461 : 446-448

Orophila campaspe ( Hewitson, 1869) stat. rest.

( Fig. 1 A, E)

Cybdelis campaspe Hewitson, 1869: 92 , pl. 45, fig. 28, 29. Type locality: New Granada. Syntypes (3) male, NHMUK [examined].

= Perisama dealbata Röber, 1924: 1035 , fig. 103a. Type locality: not specified. Holotype, not located. Myscelia campaspe (Hewitson) ; Kirby, 1871: 202.

Cybdelis campaspe (Hewitson) ; Kirby, 1879: 75.

Orophila campaspe (Hewitson) ; Staudinger, 1886: 112; Schatz, 1888: 144. Perisama compaspe (Hewitson) ; Röber, 1915: 499, pl. 103, fig. a (misspelling). Perisama campaspe (Hewitson) ; Oberthür, 1916: 100; d'Abrera, 1987: 565, 2 figs. Perisama campaspe campaspe (Hewitson) ; Fruhstorfer, 1916: 97.

Odontosama campaspe (Hewitson) ; Aurivillius, 1929: 161.

Orophila cardases campaspe (Hewitson) ; Lamas, 2004: 245.

Diagnostic characters. Metallic blue rays on DF reach as far as the cell CuA1–CuA2; DH uniformly brown, with a blue patch in median area; basal red patch on VF usually well developed, but never covering the basal part of CuA1–CuA2, fused with red submarginal markings.

Redescription. MALE ( Fig. 1 A): Wings: FW length: 16–22 mm (n=49) DF: ground colour blackish brown, very small and faint white subapical mark, two dark blue metallic rays in the basal area, the thicker one stretching along the M3 reaches as far as M3–CuA1, and basal part of CuA1–CuA2; a set of five irregular spots in postmedian area: smaller ones in R5–M1, M1–M2, and M2–M3, and two larger ones in M3–CuA1 and CuA1–CuA2, fringe brown, with creamy- white marks between the veins; DH: almost uniform, blackish-brown, with a patch of metallic blue scales in median area; VF: basal part ground colour blackish brown, getting lighter towards the anal margin; apical triangle light brown, with a thin, wavy, dark brown submarginal line; small, white spot in submarginal area, where the two ground colours meet; a series of white, light brown and red markings in postmedian area: smaller white and red ones in R5–M1, M1–M2, and M2–M3, and two larger red ones in M3–CuA1 and CuA1–CuA2; basal red patch expands outside the discal cell and is fused with median red markings; marginal line brownish-red, usually disappearing around the cubital veins. VH: ground colour pale brown and yellowish-brown, varying in shade throughout the wing surface; marginal line thin and red; submarginal line dark brown, with a series of curves; marginal area usually yellowish and somewhat lighter than the rest of the wing; postdiscal line irregularly wavy; costal area with white marking at the base and pale yellow marking between postdiscal and submarginal lines; little white spot in M1–M2 touching the postdiscal line; three to five diffused dark-brown submarginal dots; two or three faint, diffused white markings in submarginal area.

MALE GENITALIA: as in the general description, except for hypandrium: fork strongly sclerotized, with a Ushaped opening and sharp, pronounced, claw-shaped, tips; collar thin, longer than body, smoothly widening at both ends; body triangular, slightly shorter and twice wider than the collar, with a deep, semi-circular proximal incision; the length of saccus equals the length of tegumen and uncus combined.

FEMALE ( Fig. 1 E): differs from male in: DF discal metallic blue rays reduced, larger and paler median blue markings, and the lack of the metallic blue markings on DH; ventral pattern same as in males.

FEMALE GENITALIA: Not examined.

Remarks. The metallic-blue markings can be observed in some specimens of O. diotima , as well as in O. campaspe , but in the former they are always diffused, and never form a well-defined patch as in O. cardases . Orophila campaspe and O. cardases have locally overlapping distributions in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera ( Fig. 6 ), in particular in western, southern and possibly also in south-eastern departaments. Cundinamarca, although the latter are historical records and have not been confirmed recently. On the other hand, the two species have never been reported as strictly sympatric or parapatric along an elevational gradient, thus they are possibly mutually spatially exclusive. In the light of the above, despite the similarities in the structure of male genitalia, O. cardases and O. campaspe are considered here as two separate species.

During the re-curation of NHMUK collections two previously unidentified syntypes of Cybdelis campaspe Hewitson were found.

Type material. NHMUK: Syntype #1 ♂ of Cybdelis campaspe : SYN-/TYPE // N. Granada./Hewitson Coll./ 79–69./ Cybdelis campaspe 1. // N. Gran. // BMNH(E) 1718875 // SYNTYPE ♂/ Cybdelis campaspe ( Hewitson, 1869) /Det. Zubek & Huertas, 2016; Syntype #2 ♂ of Cybdelis campaspe : SYN-/TYPE // N. Granada./Hewitson Coll./79–69./ Cybdelis campaspe .2. // N. Gran // BMNH(E) 1670020 // SYNTYPE ♂/ Cybdelis campaspe ( Hewitson, 1869) /Det. Zubek & Huertas, 2016; Syntype #3 ♂ of Cybdelis campaspe : SYN-/TYPE // Type // N. Granada./Hewitson Coll./79–69./ Cybdelis campaspe .3. // N. Gran // B.M. Type/No. Rh. 9351. // Cybdelis / campaspe /♂ Hew. // BMNH(E) 1670019 // SYNTYPE ♂/ Cybdelis campaspe ( Hewitson, 1869) /Det. Zubek & Huertas, 2016. *head detached, pinned in a vial under the specimen.

Examined material. NHMUK: COLOMBIA: 1♂: Fusagasugá, Chapman leg. ; 2♂: Bogotá to Coachí , 1700– 2800 m., I. 97 . Dr. Bürger leg.; 8♂: Bogotá region , XII 1917, ex coll. Oberthür; 4♂: Bogotá ; 2♂: Bogotá Lindig, Felder coll., 2♂: Bogotá, coll.1 898 ; 2♂: Nova Granada, Lindig ; 8♂: Druce coll.; 5♂: no data, Felder coll.; 1♂: Bogotá Lindig, Felder coll., 1♂: Bogotá, C. Felder ; 1♂: Bogotá ; 1♂: D. de Cundinamarca, NW of Bogotá bet. Zipaquirá & Pacho , 3150 m, 25. VIII. 1 982, M. Adams coll. ; 1♂: Nouvell-Grenada Region de Bogota, deçu en december 1917 du frere, Apollinare Marie. PERU : 1♂: no data, Felder coll. (mislabelled) RCCP: COLOMBIA: 1♂: Boyacá, Cocuy, La Capilla , 3300 m, C. Prieto leg. ; 1♀: Boyacá, Villadeleyva, SFF Iguaque , 3250 m, 31.VIII.2006, C. Prieto leg. ; IAvH: 1♂: Hacienda La Aurora (SS2), Vereda San Isidro, Municipio de Galán , Vertiente oriental, Serranía de los Yariguíes , Departamento de Santander, 06°38’32”N 73°23’34”W, 2500–2700 m (2200 m), 07.VII.2005, B. Huertas, C. Rios & J. Arias leg . MZUJ: COLOMBIA: 1♂: Almendias, Villapinzón , prep. genit. 75/ A. Zubek, 20.03.2013 ; 1♂: Cundinamarca, El Neusa , 2000–2500 m, 02–03.XII.1990, J. F. Le Crom leg. ; 1♂: same data, prep. genit. 130/ A. Zubek, 22.0 7.2014. ANDES-E. : COLOMBIA: 1♂: Cundinamarca, Bogotá, Alto del Zuque , 3120 m, 08.VIII.2013, O. Mahecha leg. ; 1♂: Cundinamarca, Fómeque , 2089 m, 23.XII.2013, O. Mahecha leg. ; 1♂: Cundinamarca, Guatavita , 3027 m, 23.VI.2013, C. Jimenez leg. ; 1♂: Cundinamarca, Hoya Grande , 2568 m, 11.VIII.2013, C. Jimenez leg. ; 1♂: Cundinamarca, La Calera, El Manzano , 2449 m , 10.IV.2014, O. Mahecha leg.; 1♂: Cundinamarca, La Calera, Frailejonal, 2900 m , 22.III.2015, V. Diaz-S. leg.; 1♂: Cundinamarca, La Calera, Mundo Nuevo, 2980 m , 10.IV.2014, V. Diaz-S. leg.; 1♂: Cundinamarca, San Cayetano, 2010 m , 15.XI.2015, O. Mahecha leg.; 1♂: Cundinamarca, Sesquile , 2620 m, 11.X.2014, O. Mahecha leg. ; 1♂: Cundinamarca, Soacha, El Charquito , 2750 m , 13.VII.2013, O. Mahecha leg.; 1♂: Cundinamarca, Subachoque, El Tablazo, 3200 m , 23.VIII.2013, O. Mahecha leg.; 1♂: Cundinamarca, Ubaque , 2074 m, 28.VI.2013, O. Mahecha leg. ; PBF: COLOMBIA: 2♂: no data, ZBM : COLOMBIA: 1♂: Chapinero , 19.11.1921, Ex. Coll. Schulze, prep. genit. 89/ A. Zubek , 22.07.2014; 1♂: St Cristóbal , 0 4.11.1921, Ex. Coll. Schulze.

Additional material. CSJ: COLOMBIA: 2♂: Cundinamarca, San Cayetano, 2000 m, en. 83, E-Schmidt M. leg.

Immature stages and biology. Unknown.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Adult specimens of Orophila, left to right: dorsal wing surface, ventral wing surface, genitalia (male—with detached aedeagus and hypandrium). A, O. campaspe, stat. rest., male. B, O. cardases, male. C, O. cecidas, stat. rest., male. D, O. diotima, male. E, O. campaspe, stat. rest., female. F, O. cardases, female. G, O. cecidas, stat. rest., female. H, O. diotima, female.

FIGURE 6. Distributional map of the species in the genus Orophila Staudinger.