Oreobates heterodactylus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)

Padial, José M., Chaparro, Juan C. & Riva, Ignacio De La, 2008, Systematics of Oreobates and the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group (Amphibia, Anura), based on two mitochondrial DNA genes and external morphology, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 152 (4), pp. 737-773 : 758-759

OREOBATES HETERODACTYLUS (MIRANDA- RIBEIRO,

1937) COMB. NOV.

Teletrema heterodactylum Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937

Eleutherodactylus heterodactylus – Myers (1962) ( Fig. 3G)

Teletrema heterodactylum Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937: 67 . Lectotype: MN 106 A, by Miranda-Ribeiro , 1955. Type locality: ‘gruta dita Facendinha’ , Matto-Grosso, Cáceres, Brazil ( Fig. 4 ), coordinates: 16°00′S, 57°36′W.

Diagnosis: A small Oreobates (SVL of adults, 24.6– 30.8 mm) characterized as follows: (1) skin on dorsum finely shagreened to smooth; venter smooth; posterior surfaces of limbs smooth; discoidal fold present; postrictal glands present; (2) tympanic membrane and annulus distinct, its length about two-thirds of the eye length; supratympanic fold well developed; (3) head longer than wide; snout slightly pointed in dorsal view, round in lateral profile; canthus rostralis sharp, slightly concave; (4) cranial crests absent; upper eyelid tubercles absent; (5) dentigerous process of the vomers medial to choanae; (6) males with vocal slits and a single faint nuptial pad; (7) hands with long and slender fingers, first finger longer than second; subarticular tubercles enlarged and subconical; supernumerary tubercles small, rounded; terminal discs of fingers I and II rounded, not enlarged, those of fingers III and IV markedly enlarged, ovate; lateral fringes and keels on fingers absent; (8) between two and four small ulnar tubercles; (9) no tubercles on heel and tarsus; (10) inner metatarsal tubercle small, high, ovoid; outer more rounded, subequal; supernumerary tubercles round to conical; (11) lateral fringes absent, webbing absent; fifth toe shorter than third; tips of toes moderately enlarged, rounded, ungual flap not indented; (12) axillary gland present; (13) dorsal coloration light reddish brown with dark brown to black spots and marks, outlined by cream; in preservative, dorsal regions brownish grey; snout dark grey with darker marks; throat cream with dense and fine brown mottling; venter immaculate.

Oreobates heterodactylus can be distinguished from O. choristolemma , O. cruralis , O. granulosus , O. lehri , O. madidi , O. quixensis , O. sanctaecrucis , O. sanderi , O. saxatilis , O. simmonsi , and O. zongoensis by having dorsal skin smooth to finely shagreened, and enlarged and ovate finger tips on fingers III and IV. These two characters are shared with O. discoidalis . Nevertheless, O. heterodactylus exhibits a pattern of dorsal coloration consisting of arrow-shaped and X-shaped dark dorsal marks, and it occurs on the Brazilian Shield. Oreobates ibischi has moderately enlarged and truncate finger tips, low warts on dorsal skin, and head wider than long. These three species can be further distinguished by differences in advertisement calls (see Padial & De la Riva, 2005; Padial et al., 2008).

Remarks: Padial & De la Riva (2005) and Padial et al. (2008), based on the similarity of external morphology and advertisement calls, already noted that this species could belong to the E. discoidalis group.

Distribution: It is only known from three localities in the semideciduous forest of the Precambrian Brazilian Shield of western Brazil and eastern Bolivia ( Heyer & Muñoz, 1999; Padial & De la Riva, 2005) (see Figs 4 , 5 ).

Figures

Figure 4. Type localities of members of Oreobates: (1) O. quixensis, San José de Moti, Prov. Napo, Ecuador; (2) O. simmonsi, Río Piuntza, 1830 m a.s.l., Cordillera del Cóndor, Prov. Morona-Santiago, Ecuador; (3) O. saxatilis, Ponga de Shilcayo, 470 m a.s.l., Department San Martín, Peru; (4) O. lehri, Apurimac River Valley, 2445 m a.s.l., Department Cusco, Peru; (5) O. granulosus, Santo Domingo, Carabaya, Department Puno, Peru, 1800 m a.s.l.; (6) O. madidi, Arroyo Huacataya, Serranía Eslabón, 1500 m a.s.l., Department La Paz, Bolivia; (7) O. sanderi, Arroyo Bilunto, Chunirumi Valley, 1800 m a.s.l., near Santa Cruz de Valle Ameno, Department La Paz, Bolivia; (8) O. zongoensis, Valle de Zongo, 1250 m a.s.l., Department La Paz, Bolivia; (9) O. choristolemma, Serranía de Bellavista c. 1000 m a.s.l., Department La Paz, Bolivia; (10) O. cruralis, Department La Paz, Bolivia, 4000 m a.s.l. (in error); (11) O. heterodactylus, gruta Facendinha, State Mato-Grosso, Brazil; (12) O. ibischi, km 68.5 on Santa Cruz de la Sierra-Samaipata road c. 750 m a.s.l., Department Santa Cruz, Bolivia; (13) O. sanctaecrucis, El Chapé, Department Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 2060 m a.s.l.; (14) O. discoidalis, Tucumán, Prov. Tucumán, Argentina.

Figure 5. Altitudinal distribution across habitat types of members of the genus Oreobates.