Heterodermia speciosa (Wulfen) Trevis., Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat.

Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Meesim, Sanya, Poengsungnoen, Vasun, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Schumm, Felix & Kalb, Klaus, 2015, The lichen family Physciaceae in Thailand-II. Contributions to the genus Heterodermia sensu lato, Phytotaxa 235 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

13. Heterodermia speciosa (Wulfen) Trevis., Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 11: 614 (1868) ( Fig. 9A ).

Lichen speciosus Wulfen, in Jacquin, Coll. Bot. 3: 119 (1789); Type:— AUSTRIA. Carinthia: In sylvarum Montis Calvariae saxis (not seen); Anaptychia speciosa (Wulfen) A. Massal. ; Mem. Lich.: 36 (1853); Physcia speciosa (Wulfen) Nyl., Actes. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 21: 307 (1856); Pseudophyscia speciosa (Wulfen) Müll. Arg., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2, app. 1: 40 (1894). Pseudophyscia speciosa (Wulfen) Müll. Arg., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 32: 129 (1893), invalidly published (Art. 35.1., Art. 38.1., Art. 38.5.; no description provided for the generic name and the genus was not monotypic).

Thallus foliose, orbicular to irregular, adnate to loosely adnate, 2–4 cm wide, often coalescing to form colonies up to 15 cm wide. Lobes 0.5–1.5 mm wide, plane to weakly convex, sublinear-elongate, often slightly broader towards the apices, dichotomously branched, ± discrete at the periphery, radiating; apices not ascending, eciliate, with distinct pseudocyphellae along the margins of the lobes or on small short lateral branches. Upper surface grayish white to gray to brownish gray, ± darker at the lobe tips, pruinose or not, sorediate; soralia white to bluish gray, originating mostly from bursting pseudocyphellae, developing into subcapitate or labriform soralia. Medulla white. Lower surface corticate, whitish to pale brown, rarely dark gray in the centre. Marginal rhizines frequent, concolorous with the thallus or becoming dark or black near the apices, irregularly branched, to 1 mm long, projecting beyond the lobes, lower surface rhizines sparse, mostly simple or sparsely branched. Apothecia rare, laminal, adnate to sessile, 1–3 mm wide; margin initially crenulate, later sorediate; disc concave, brown to brown-black, epruinose. Apothecia rare, laminal, sessile to substipitate, 3–8 mm wide; margin crenulate at first, subsequently sorediate; disc concave, brown to brown-black, epruinose. Ascospores Pachysporaria - type, ellipsoidal, 25–37 × 14–18 µm. Pycnidia immersed or slightly protruding; conidia bacilliform, 4–5 × 1 µm.

Chemistry: Cortex K+ yellow, C–, KC–, P+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow, C–, P– or P+ pale yellow; containing atranorin (major), zeorin (major), 6α-acetoxyhopane-16β,22-diol (minor), 6α-acetoxy-22-hydroxyhopane-25-oic acid (minor or trace), 6α-acetoxy-16β,22-dihydroxyhopane-25-oic acid (minor), leucotylin (trace).

Distribution and habitat:—Scattered in open situations over mosses on rocks and trees in hill evergreen forest and lower montane scrub from 1200–1320 m above sea level; also in Australia, Europe, North and South America, Africa, Asia, New Zealand.

Remarks:—This lichen is characterized by the striking contrast between the blue-gray soralia and the paler thallus. Actually it is most similar to Heterodermia pseudospecia , but lacks norstictic acid in the medulla. European specimens of this species reveal a yellowish pigment on TLC plates with Rf values 36, 21, 21 in solvents A, B' and C. This spot is not seen from tropical material tested. The taxonomic importance of this finding can only be solved by molecular methods. Nevertheless, we consider it rather unlikely that a species which is primarily restricted to mountainous areas in Europe ( Moberg 2004b), should also occur in the tropics. Similarly, Kurokawa (1962) doubted the occurrence of H. speciosa outside of Europe and transferred specimens from the tropics to H. pseudospeciosa , but this species contains norstictic acid.

Material from Thailand examined:— Chiang Mai: Doi Inthanon National Park, along trail to Siriphum waterfall, in hill evergreen forest, on bark of unidentified tree, 1320 m, 18°32'50'' N, 98°30'56'' E, 9 September 2005, N . Juntawong RU-NJ 444, ( RAMK 21860 ); ibid., N . Juntawong RU-NJ 329, ( RAMK 21859 ); ibid., N . Juntawong RU-NJ 466, ( RAMK 21861 ); Phitsanulok: Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park, along trail to Lan Hin Pum area , in lower montane scrub, on rock, 1200 m, 16°59'11'' N, 100°59'28'' E, 30 March 2004, S . Meesim RU-MS 30, ( RAMK 21672 ) .

Further specimens examined: AUSTRIA. Upper Austria: mountain range called "Totes Gebirge", Dietlgut near Hinterstoder , ± 650 m, 2 October 1984, R. Türk; Plantae Graecenses, Lich. 389 ( GZU) — SWITZERLAND. Valais: Pennine Alps above Zermatt, Sunnegga , over mosses on Serpentinit , 2200 m, 2 May 1974, K. Kalb (herb. Kalb 2334) .

THE LICHEN FAMILY PHYSCIACEAE IN THAILAND —II

Phytotaxa 235 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 29

Heterodermia tremulans (Müll. Arg.) W.L. Culb., Bryologist 69: 485 (1967) ( Fig. 9B )

Physcia hypoleuca var. tremulans Müll. Arg. , Flora 63: 277 (1880); Anaptychia speciosa var. tremulans (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg., Bot. Jahrb. 15: 505 (1893); Pseudophyscia speciosa var. tremulans (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 32: 130 (1893), invalidly published (Art. 35.1., Art. 38.1., Art. 38.5.; no description provided for the generic name and the genus was not monotypic). Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: near Petropolis on mosses, Deventer (holotype G, fide Kurokawa 1962).—For further synonymy, see Kurokawa (1962).

30 • Phytotaxa 235 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press

MONGKOLSUK ET AL.

Thallus foliose, orbicular to irregularly spreading, adnate to loosely adnate, 2–7 cm wide, often coalescing and forming colonies to 15 cm wide. Lobes 0.7–1.5 mm wide, plane to slightly convex, sublinear, ± flexuose, sympodially to subdigitately branched, usually discrete at the periphery, radiating; apices not ascending, with short lateral lobes, eciliate. Upper surface grayish white to gray to brownish gray, ± darker at the apices, pruinose or not, sorediate; soralia whitish or grayish, granular, forming labriform soralia at the tips of the main and lateral lobes. Medulla white. Lower surface corticate, whitish to pale brown, rarely dark gray in the centre. Lower surface rhizines sparse, mostly simple or sparsely branched, marginal rhizines frequent, concolorous with the thallus or becoming dark or black near the apices, irregularly branched, to 1 mm long, projecting beyond the lobes. Apothecia rare, laminal, sessile to substipitate, 1–3 mm wide; margin initially crenulate, becoming sorediate; disc concave, brown to brown-black, epruinose. Ascospores Pachysporaria - type, ellipsoidal, 23–32 × 12–14 µm. Pycnidia immersed or slightly protruding; conidia bacilliform, 4–5 × 1 µm.

Chemistry: Cortex K+ yellow, C–, KC–, P+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow, C–, P– or P+ pale yellow; containing atranorin (major), zeorin (major), 16β-acetoxyhopane-6α,22-diol (major), 6α-acetoxyhopane-16β,22-diol (major), 6α,16β-diacetoxyhopane-22-ol (minor), leucotylin (minor), chloroatranorin (minor).

Distribution and habitat:—This pantropical and pantemperate species occurs on bark, dead wood and rocks, but is not yet reported from Thailand. It might, however occur in the country and not distinguished from H. speciosa .

Remarks:—Although this lichen has commonly been confused with P. speciosa , the latter has linear-elongate lobes and larger spores (25–37 × 14–18 µm), whereas P. tremulans has short, often flexuose lobes and smaller spores (23–32 × 12–14 µm). The specimen from São Paulo, cited below, was collected not far from the type locality at ± the same elevation above sea level.

Specimens examined: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Serra da Mantiqueira; Itatiaia, Parque National do Itatiaia , near the Maromba waterfall, in a humid and dark primary rainforest, 1050 m, 22°20’ S, 44°35’ W, 21 July 1978, (herb. Kalb 39806) ; Rio de Janeiro: Serra da Mantiqueira ; between Registro do Picú and Agulhas Negras, in a humid swamp with small bushes, 1850 m, 22°20’ S, 44°40’ W, 14 March 1980, K. Kalb & G. Plöbst (herb. Kalb 39807) ; São Paulo: Serra do Mar; between Areias and Silveiras, near Cruzeiro , 700 m, 22°40’ S, 44°45’ W, 4 November 1978, K. Kalb & G. Plöbst (herb. Kalb 40531) .

Heterodermia tropica (Kurok.) Sipman , Tropical Bryology 12: 206 (1996) ( Fig. 9C )

Anaptychia tropica Kurok., Beih. Nova Hedwigia 6: 36 (1962). Type:— MEXICO. Chiapas: Road to El Suspiro, 5–7 km N of Berriozábal, 920 m, Hale 20214 (holotype US, fide Kurokawa 1962); Pseudophyscia speciosa mexicana de Lesd., Lichens du Mexique: 4 (1914). Type:—Mexico. Puebla: Acatzingo, 2100 m, July 1907, Amable 4107 (lectotype [selected here] UPS!); Heterodermia tropica (Kurok.) Sipman , Tropical Bryology 12: 206 (1996); Heterodermia tropica (Kurok.) Kurok., Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 32: 24 (1998), illegimate (see remarks).

Thallus foliose, orbicular to irregularly spreading, comparatively small, adnate, to 5 cm wide. Lobes to 3 mm long, 0.5–1.0 mm wide, to ca. 1.5–2.5 mm wide at the tips, ± plane to weakly convex, sublinear-elongate, usually richly subdichotomously branched; lobe apices not ascending, eciliate, lacking isidia, phyllidia and soralia, with pseudocyphellae along the margins of the lobes, best seen from below. Upper surface whitish gray to brownish gray, darker at the apices, occasionally sparsely pruinose. Medulla white. Lower surface corticate, whitish, lead-gray to pale brown, blackish towards the centre, smooth to corrugated. Lower surface rhizines frequent, evenly distributed on the lower surface, simple or irregularly branched, usually short (ca. 1 mm long), pale to dark brown or black, marginal rhizines frequent, simple or irregularly branched, concolorous with the thallus, darkening near the apices or black. Apothecia common, laminal, substipitate, 0.5–4.0 mm wide; disc concave, dark brown, epruinose. Ascospores Pachysporaria - type, narrowly ellipsoidal, 20–25 × 10–13 µm. Pycnidia ± common, immersed, with black weakly protruding apices; conidia bacilliform, 4–6 × 1 Μ m.

Chemistry: Cortex K+ yellow, C–, KC–, P+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow then red, C–, P+ yellow-orange; containing atranorin (major), zeorin (major), 16β-acetoxyhopane-6α,22-diol (minor), leucotylin (minor), 6αacetoxyhopane-16β,22-diol (trace), salazinic acid (major), hypoconstictic acid (submajor), 3- O -methylconsalazinic acid (minor), consalazinic acid (minor).

Nomenclature notes:—Two more combinations are cited in MycoBank,

http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?Table=Mycobank&Rec=186653&Fields=All

THE LICHEN FAMILY PHYSCIACEAE IN THAILAND —II

Phytotaxa 235 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 31

Heterodermia tropica (Kurok.) Trass, Censo de Macrolíquenes Venezolanos de los Estados Falcón, Lara, Mérida, Táchira y Trujillo: 180 (1986) and Heterodermia tropica (Kurok.) Sipman , Tropical Bryology 6: 24 (1992). But Heterodermia tropica (Kurok.) Trass is not mentioned in the reference given. On p. 180 only Heterodermia tropica (Kurok.) is cited without any further author and without a basionym. Furthermore the author of the book is not Trass but Lopez Figueiras.— Heterodermia tropica (Kurok.) Sipman is not mentioned in Tropical Bryology 6: 24 (1992) or on any other page in this article.—The first correct combination is made by Sipman in Tropical Bryology 12: 206 (1996), thus making the later combination of Kurokawa (1998) illegitimate.

Distribution and habitat:—This ± rare species occurs on bark in Central and South America ( Venezuela) in (sub-)montane rainforests between 1000 and 2500 m.

Remarks:— Heterodermia tropica is characterized by the lack of vegetative propagules and the presence of salazinic acid and hypoconstictic acids in the medulla. On a world basis, three Heterodermia species are known with this chemistry, namely H. tropica without vegetative propagules, H. albicans with soralia and H. antillarum with isidia.

Specimens examined:— MEXICO. Chiapas: ca. 5 km W of San Cristobal de las Casas , on deciduous trees alongside a street, 1800 m, 19 January 1979, K. Kalb & G. Plöbst (herb. Kalb 40302) — GUATEMALA. Chimaltenango: between Zaragoza and Patzùn, 2165 m, 14°37'51'' N, 90°55'12'' W, K. Kalb & G. Plöbst (herb. Kalb 40485) .

Figures

FIGURE 9. A. Heterodermia speciosa (scale 5 mm). B. Heterodermia tremulans (scale 5 mm). C. Heterodermia tropica (scale 5 mm). D. Heterodermia verdonii (scale 5 mm). E. Leucodermia borphyllidiata (scale 5 mm). F. Leucodermia borphyllidiata, lateral phyllidia, seen from below (scale 1 mm).