Chalcovietnamicus daiqini ( Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012 ) Yu & Hoang & Maddison & Zhang, 2023

Yu, Kun, Hoang, Quang Duy, Maddison, Wayne P. & Zhang, Junxia, 2023, Review of Chalcovietnamicus Marusik, 1991, with description of four new species (Araneae, Salticidae, Euophryini), Zootaxa 5336 (4), pp. 451-480 : 455-459

Chalcovietnamicus daiqini ( Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) comb. nov. (fflħffiḋff)

Figs 4–28 , 60–62 , 141

Junxattus daiqini Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012: 40 , figs 66–70; Prószyński 2017: 75, figs 38B, 39J; Prószyński 2019: 122, figs 1D, G–H, L, U–V, 2B.

Laufeia daiqini Zhang & Maddison, 2015: 30 , figs 510–516, 870–871.

Type material. Holotype ♁ and allotype ♀ ( CDML), INDONESIA: Sumatra, Bohorok , sweeping and beating bushes, 16 June 1983, leg. C.L. Deeleman-Reinhold (C.L. Deeleman-Reinhold re-examined and shared photos of the type material).

Material examined. MALAYSIA: 1♁ ( UBCZ; KYU-SAL441 ), Pahang, Genting Highlands , 3.400°N, 101.777°E, 1000 m, 15–16 May 2005, leg. W. Maddison, D. Li, I. Agnarsson & J. Zhang, WPM#05-023; 1 ♁ 1♀ ( UBCZ; KYU-SAL411 ), Selangor, near 3.4°N, 101.8°E, 16 May 2005, leg. W. Maddison, D. Li, I. Agnarsson & J. Zhang, WPM#05-024 ; SINGAPORE: 2♁ 2♀ ( UBCZ; KYU-SAL442 , KYU-SAL444 ~445), Bukit Timah Natural Reserve , 1.355°N, 103.78°E, 9 May 2005, leg. W. Maddison, D. Li, I. Agnarsson & J. Zhang, WPM#05-007 ; 1♀ 2j ( UBCZ; KYU-SAL446 ), Same locality, main road, 1.3549°N, 103.7758°E, 150 m elev., 3 June 2005, leg. W. Maddison & Paul Ng, WPM#19-032 ; 1♀ ( UBCZ; KYU-SAL413 ), Same locality, 1.3573°N, 103.7759°E, 100–130 m elev., 5 June 2019, leg. W. Maddison & K. Marathe, WPM#19-038 ; 1♀ ( UBCZ; KYU-SAL449 ), Same locality, stream at Jungle Falls Path , 1.357°N, 103.774°E, 110 m elev., 4–5 June 2019, leg. W. Maddison & K. Marathe, WPM#19-037 ; 2♀ ( UBCZ; KYU-SAL447 ~448), Dairy Farm Nature Park , 1.358°N, 103.777°E, 50 m elev., 2 June 2019, leg. W. Maddison & C.S.P. Ang, WPM#19-031; 4 ♁ 4♀ ( UBCZ; KYU-SAL440 , KYU-SAL443 ), Nee Soon Swamp Forest , 1.39°N, 103.81°E, 12 May 2005, leg. W. Maddison, D. Li, I. Agnarsson & J. Zhang, WPM#05-015, WPM#05-018 .

Diagnosis. Resembles C. logunovi sp. nov. and C. marusiki sp. nov. in body pattern and copulatory organs, but males can be distinguished from them by the obviously large and backswept apical extension of embolus (aE), forming a bowl-like structure; the rather shallow and indistinct groove around aE; the back embolic keel (bK) only extending to median part of embolus; the tubular distal half of embolus, without any additional structure ( Figs 60–62 ); the fan-shaped distal part of retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) in retrolateral view ( Figs 23–24 ); whereas in C. logunovi sp. nov. and C. marusiki sp. nov., the aE is relatively small and straight, with a rather deep groove around ( Figs 63–69 ); the distal part of retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) is finger-like in retrolateral view ( Figs 38 , 57 ); the bK is absent in C. logunovi sp. nov. and extends to apical embolus in C. marusiki sp. nov. ( Fig. 64 ); the distal half of embolus has a retrolateral hump in C. logunovi sp. nov. and is concave on the back side in C. marusiki sp. nov. ( Figs 66–68 ); females can be distinguished by their relatively long copulatory ducts, as long as the diameter of the spermathecae ( Fig. 28 ).

Description. See Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold (2012).

Variation. In males, the tegular lobe can be tail-like ( Figs 21, 25 ) or hook-like ( Fig. 22 ) among different individuals; the dorsal margin of RTA also shows variation in retrolateral view ( Figs 23–24 ).

Natural history. Foliage dwellers.

Distribution. Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (Peninsula), Singapore.

Figures

FIGURES 4–9. Living Chalcovietnamicus daiqini (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) comb. nov. from Singapore, male (4–6) and female (7–9) (© 2019 W.P. Maddison).

FIGURES 10–18. Chalcovietnamicus daiqini (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) comb. nov., male (10, 12–13) and female (11, 14–18) from Singapore. 10–11. Habitus; 12. Prosoma; 13. Endites; 14. Endites and sternum; 15. Teeth on chelicera; 16. Epigynum; 17–18. Vulva; in dorsal (10–11, 17–18), front (12), ventral (13–14, 16) and back (15) view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; BG = Bennett’s gland; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; St = setal tuft.

FIGURES 19–28. Chalcovietnamicus daiqini (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) comb. nov., genitalia of male (19–28) and female (27–28) from Singapore (19–21, 23, 25–28) and Pahang, Malaysia (22, 24). 19–20, 25–26. Palp; 21–22. Bulb, with black arrows indicating tegular lobe and showing variations; 23–24. RTA, with black arrows indicating variations; 27. Epigynum; 28. Vulva; in ventral (19, 21–22, 25–27), dorsal (28) and retrolateral (20, 23–24) view. Abbreviations: ACG = apical cymbial groove; CyP = cymbial process; E = embolus; RSDL = retrolateral sperm duct loop; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; SR = salticid radix; T = tegulum; TL = tegular lobe.

FIGURES 60–69. Embolic details of Chalcovietnamicus daiqini (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) comb. nov. (60–62), C. logunovi Yu, Maddison & Zhang, sp. nov. (63–65) and C. marusiki Yu, Maddison & Zhang, sp. nov. (66–69); in retrolaertal (60–61), top (62, 65, 68), prolateral (63, 66) and dorsal (64, 67, 69) view. Abbreviations: aE = apical extension of embolus; bK = back keel; E = embolus; G = groove; OS = opening of sperm duct; RdH = retrolateral distal hump; SR = salticid radix.

FIGURES 141–146. Transparent male palpal bulbs of Chalcovietnamicus spp., in ventral view. 141. C. daiqini (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) comb. nov.; 142. C. logunovi Yu, Maddison & Zhang, sp. nov.; 143. C. marusiki Yu, Maddison & Zhang, sp. nov.; 144. C. weihangi Yu & Zhang, sp. nov.; 145–146. C. vietnamensis (Żabka, 1985). Abbreviations: E = embolus; ED = embolic disc; SD = sperm duct.

FIGURES 37–40. Chalcovietnamicus logunovi Yu, Maddison & Zhang sp. nov., male palp (37–38), epigynum (39) and vulva (40); in ventral (37, 39), retrolateral (38) and dorsal (40) view.

FIGURES 56–59. Chalcovietnamicus marusiki Yu, Maddison & Zhang sp. nov., male palp (56–57), epigynum (58) and vulva (59); in ventral (56, 58), retrolateral (57) and dorsal (59) view.