Taeniodera sp.

Vendl, Tomáš, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik, Kubá, VítČzslav & Šípek, Petr, 2014, Immature stages of Taenioderini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae): a report of hidden morphological diversity, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2), pp. 571-604 : 597-601

Taeniodera sp. ( T. idolica Janson, 1909 species group)

( Figs 2H ; 3H ; 4H ; 5H ; 7G–I,R ; 9A–D,L,T ; 10H ; 11H ; 12C, M ; 13E,L )

Material examined. 2 third instar larvae reared from eggs laid by adult females collected in: LAOS: HOUA PHAN PROVINCE: 20°13ƍ09–19ƎN 103°59ƍ54Ǝ–104°00ƍ03ƎE, Mount Phou Pane, 1480–1510 m a.s.l., 1.–16.vi.2009, V. KubáĖ leg.

Description of third instar larva. Body ( Fig. 2H ). Length 35.0 mm, dorsoventral interval of body segments increasing towards the penultimate body segment (thus abdominal segments appear to be thicker; abdominal segments VII and VIII are the thickest). Body with numerous setae; setae of ventral and dorsal body parts of the same shape, however ventral setae distinctly longer.

Head capsule ( Fig. 3H ). Maximum width 3.5–3.7 mm, glossy, yellowish. Frontal sutures bisinuated. Epicranial insertions of antennal muscles indistinct. Cranial chaetotaxy summarized in Table 2. Anterior and exterior frontal setae with minute single seta.

Antennae ( Figs 3H ; 9L ). Relative length of antennomeres I–IV (an I–IV): an I> an IV> an II> an III), ultimate antennomere with ¿ve dorsal and six ventral sensory spots.

Epipharynx ( Figs 4H ; 12C ). Haptomerum: Zygum convex, more or less protruding, with slightly arcuate row of 12 stout conical setae and several similar setae on the mesal part of zygum. Sensilla of zygum grouped in single group on low tubercle. Acroparia: Lateral lobes of epipharynx with ¿ve long setae, medial lobe with four and eight setae. Acanthoparia with seven setae surrounded by small tubercle; the size of setae as well as the size of the tubercle increasing towards apex of epipharynx. Chaetoparia: Asymmetric, right side with approximately 50 setae, left side with around 40 setae. Both parts of chaetoparia with medial, more or less regular row of prominent long setae. Pedium large, with isolated setae at the left side. Dexiotorma straight, slightly bent inwards, right pternotorma poorly developed. Laeotorma absent, left pternotorma well developed.

Haptolachus: Sense cone conical, well developed. Plate-like sclerite subtriangular, relatively small.

Mandibles ( Figs 7G–I ; 9A–C ; 13L ). Stridulatory area well developed, distinctly paler than the other parts of ventral mandibular face, with approximately 16–17 regular ridges, ridges at the mesal margin of stridulatory area short, slightly irregular and narrowed. Scrobis with ¿ve lateral setae. Longitudinal furrow absent. Lateral outline of both mandibles without external tooth. Scissorial teeth of left mandible subequal, large; right mandible with three teeth, apical tooth large, the two subapical teeth subequal.

Maxilla ( Figs 5H ; 12M ). Dorsal surface of cardo and labaocoparia 8–12, 20–30 setae, respectively. Dorsal surface of stipes with approximately 14–18 hair-like setae and one anterolateral stout seta. Maxillary stridulatory apparatus with row of ¿ve to six spine-like stridulatory teeth and one blunt tubercle ( Fig. 12M ). Galear portion of mala in dorsal aspect beside large falcate uncus with ¿ve to six large stiff and three medium-sized hair-like setae, respectively. Lacinial part of mala with around 15–16 mostly extremely long and stiff setae. Lacinial apex with single triangular uncus with short, conical seta at the base and another long, stout, conical seta next to it.

Hypopharyngeal sclerome ( Fig. 5H ). Eight tegumentary expansions (phoba-like processes) present on the left lateral lobe of hypopharynx, tegumentary expansions on right medial portion of scleroma present.

Ligula ( Figs 5H ; 13E ). Dorsal surface with two lateral groups of 11 hair-like setae, two pairs of paramedial setae at the (ventro-) apical margin and central group of setae and sensilla. This group is composed of two paramedial rows of three stout, conical setae, and transverse, basomedial row of three conical and six campaneiform setae.

Thorax ( Figs 2H ; 7R ; 9D,T ). Prothoracic sclerite with eight setae on the anteroventral margin and one seta in the posterio-dorsal area. Each sublobe of prothorax dorsal with one

Abbreviations:AAS = anterior frontal angle setae; ACS = anterior clypeal setae; AES = anterior epicranial setae; EES = exterior epicranial setae; AFS = anterior frontal setae; DES = dorsoepicranial setae; ECS = exterior clypeal setae; EFS = exterior frontal setae; ELS = exterior labral setae; LLS = setae of lateral labral lobe; SMLL = setae of medial labral lobe; PES = posterior epicranial setae; PFS = posterior frontal setae; PLS = posterior labral setae; PMS = paramedial labral setae. Number in brackets () indicates a rarely occurring stage.

row of medium-long and short setae. Thoracic spiracle ( Fig. 7R ) 0.50 × 0.26 mm (height × width). Bullar opening large, distance between the arms of spiracular plate equal to 2/3 of the maximum diameter of spiracular plate. Respiratory plate with approximately 12–20 holes across diameter. Venter of thorax with numerous stiff setae. Pretarsus ( Fig. 9D ) cylindrical, with two apical setae, apical tip absent.

Abdomen ( Figs 2H ; 10H ; 11H ). Each dorsal sublobe of abdominal segments I–VI with one or two rows of short and medium-long setae; if two rows present then the anterior row irregular with only few short setae. Dorsal sublobes of abdominal segments VII and VIII with one to three rows of setae. Venter of abdominal segments I–IX with several long stiff setae organized in transverse rows. Dorsum of abdominal segments IX–X, with numerous short to long setae. Size of the abdominal spiracle gradually increasing caudad, spiracles on abdominal segments I–V elongate, similar to thoracic spiracle, but smaller. Abdominal spiracles on segments VI–VIII almost circular, arms of respiratory plate closer than in the preceding spiracles.

Raster ( Figs 10H ; 11H ). Pali flattened dorsoventrally, lanceolate. Palidium monostichous composed of single horse-shoe shaped row of approximately 20 pali. Teges almost entirely separated by rows of pali. Septula opened posteriorly, about two times longer than broad. Tegilla with numerous apically recurved (subhamate) pointed setae, other ventral parts of abdominal segments VIII and IX covered with long stiff setae. Anal lip surrounded by regular rows of mostly short or medium-long setae.

Note on identification. The larvae belong either to Taeniodera salvazai (Bourgoin, 1924) or T. zebraea Fairmaire, 1893 , however, the exact identi¿cation of the specimen is not possible as only females were collected.

Figures

Fig. 2. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini.A–H – habitus.A – Chalcothea neglecta. B – Coilodera diardi. C –C. penicillata. D – Euselates cineraceus. E – E. laoticus. F – Meroloba suturalis. G – Plectrone tristis.H – Taeniodera sp. Figures not to scale.

Fig. 3. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini. A–H – cranium. A – Chalcothea neglecta. B – Coilodera diardi. C –C. penicillata. D – Euselates cineraceus. E – E. laoticus. F – Meroloba suturalis. G – Plectrone tristis. H – Taeniodera sp. Scale bars: Figs 3A–H = 1mm.

Fig. 4. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini. A–H – epipharynx. A – Chalcothea neglecta. B – Coilodera diardi. C – C. penicillata. D – Euselates cineraceus. E – E. laoticus. F – Meroloba suturalis. G – Plectrone tristis. H – Taeniodera sp. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 5. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini. A–H – maxillo-labial complex.A – Chalcothea neglecta. B – Coilodera diardi. C – C. penicillata. D – Euselates cineraceus. E – E. laoticus. F – Meroloba suturalis. G – Plectrone tristis. H – Taeniodera sp. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 7. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini. A–I – left mandible (dorsal, medial and ventral aspect), J–O – right mandible (ventral, medial and dorsal aspect), P–R – thoracic spiracle, S–T – pretarsus.A–C,P – Meroloba suturalis. D–E,Q – Plectrone tristis. G–I,R – Taeniodera sp. J–L,S – Chalcothea neglecta. M–O,T – Coilodera diardi. Scale bars: Figs A–O,S = 1 mm; Figs P–R = 0.7 mm; Fig. T = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 9. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini.A–C – right mandible (ventral, medial and dorsal aspect), D – pretarsus, E–L– antenna (dorsal and ventral aspect), M–T – metathoracic leg: A–D – Taeniodera sp. E,M – Chalcothea neglecta. F,N – Coilodera diardi. G,O – C. penicillata. H,P – Euselates cineraceus. I,Q – E. laoticus. J,R – Meroloba suturalis. K,S – Plectrone tristis. L, T – Taeniodera sp. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 10. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini. A–H – ultimate abdominal segment, ventral aspect. A – Chalcothea ne- glecta. B – Coilodera diardi. C – C. penicillata. D – Eusela- tes cineraceus. E – E. laoticus. F – Meroloba suturalis. G – Plectrone tristis. H – Taenio- dera sp. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 11. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini. A–H – ultima- te abdominal segment, lateral aspect: A – Chalcothea neglecta. B – Coilodera diardi. C – C. peni- cillata. D – Euselates cineraceus. E – E. laoticus. F – Meroloba suturalis. G – Plectrone tristis. H – Taeniodera sp. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 12. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini, SEM images.A–C – epipharynx:A – Chalcothea neglecta. B – Coilodera diardi. C– Taeniodera sp. D–F – sense cone (haptolachus, epipharynx): D – Chalcothea neglecta. E – Coilodera diardi. F– Euselates laoticus. G–M – maxillar stridulatory teeth: G – Chalcothea neglecta. H – Coilodera diardi. I – C. penicillata. J – E. cineraceus. K – E. laoticus. L – Meroloba suturalis.M – Taeniodera sp. N,O – hypopharyngeal scleroma: N – E. laoticus. O – Meroloba suturalis.

Fig. 13. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini, SEM images. A–E – ligula: A – Chalcothea neglecta. B– Coilodera diardi, C – Euselates cineraceus. D – Meroloba suturalis. E – Taeniodera sp. F–L – mandibular stridulatory area: F – Chalcothea neglecta. G – Coilodera diardi. H – C. penicillata. I – E. cineraceus. J – E. laoticus. K – Meroloba suturalis. L – Taeniodera sp.