Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) atra Theobald, 1905a

NATARAJAN, R., GOPALAKRISHNAN, S., SHRIRAM, A. N. & KUMAR, ASHWANI, 2024, Mosquitoes in crabholes: A hidden realm of culicid diversity in India, Zootaxa 5437 (3), pp. 397-412 : 407-408

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) atra Theobald, 1905a

Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands: South Andaman—Chidiya Tapu, Sipighat; North Andaman— Karmatang, Austin; Goa: Chorao Islands, Borim, Quelossim, Zuari bridge; Karnataka: Kundapur District— Thannerbagi, Rajadi bridge, Kotathattu; Kerala: Vallarpadam, Vypin; Maharashtra: Ghatkopar, Vikhroli, Kannamwar; Odisha: Bhitarkanika, Dangmal, Habalikhati; Tamil Nadu: Muthupettai, Maravakadu. Mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Specific/semi-specific—Adults and larvae. The immature stages of this species also inhabit cavities at the bases of trees in mangroves, stagnant pools, swamps and brackish waters on coral islets.

References. Barraud (1934); Rajavel et al. (2005 a, 2005b, 2006b, 2007); Rajavel & Natarajan (2006).

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) bicolor Leicester, 1908

Distribution. Andhra Pradesh: Araku-Muliyaguda; Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram District ‒Thalaammla. Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Transient—Adults and larvae. The immature stages are found in a variety of habitats, including animal hoof prints, bamboo stumps, crabholes, ground pools, rock holes, rock pools, seepage pools, stream pools, tree holes and tyre in partial or heavily shaded forests. Peyton (1977) reported occurrence in coconut spathe, coconut shell, marsh pools and swamp.

Reference. Unpublished observations.

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) dandakaranyensis Natarajan, Rajavel & Jambulingam, 2017

Distribution. Andhra Pradesh: Araku-Mulliguda; Kerala: Wayanad District—Periya; Meghalaya: Tura District—Dibru Hills; Baghmara District—Baghmara to Rongjang. Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Semi-specific—Larvae only. Immature stages were collected in crabholes in the margins or bunds in rice fields, and were also found in banana leaves (fallen) and discarded utensils in rainforests.

Reference. Natarajan et al. (2017); unpublished observations.

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) dibrugarhensis Bhattacharyya, Prakash, Mohapatra & Mahanta, 2004

Distribution. Assam: Dibrugarh District—Soraipung. Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Semi-specific—Larvae only. Immature stages were collected in rainwater-filled crabholes in forest.

Reference. Bhattacharyya et al. (2004).

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) husaini Qutubuddin, 1947

Distribution: India. Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Transient—Adults only. The bionomics of this species are insufficiently known.

Reference. Qutubuddin (1947).

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) luteola Barraud, 1934

Distribution: Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram District—Cherumangala; Pathanamthitta District—Manimala, Pothupara; Wayanad District—Irumbupalam; Odisha: Keonjhar. Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Transient—Adults only. Larvae usually inhabit stream margins and tires in shaded forests.

Reference. Unpublished observations.

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) maikalensis Natarajan, Rajavel & Jambulingam, 2017

Distribution. Andhra Pradesh: Araku-Muliyaguda; Chhattisgarh: Korba; Jammu: Nagiri village; Odisha: Malkangiri District—Bonda Hills. Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Semi-specific—Larvae only. Immature stages were collected in crabholes in stream margins, margins or bunds in rice fields and rock holes in rainforests.

Reference. Natarajan et al. (2017); unpublished observations.

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) mattinglyi Qutubuddin 1951

Distribution: India. Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Adults only. The bionomics of this species are insufficiently known.

Reference. Qutubuddin (1951).

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) ohamai Tanaka, Saugstad & Mizusawa, 1975

Distribution. Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram District—Cherumangala; Wayanad District—Irumbupalam; Tamil Nadu: Nilgiris District—Nilgiri Hills (Western Ghats). Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence.Semi-specific—Adults only.Adults were commonly found resting in shrubbery or freshwater crabholes along shaded streamlets in lowlands or at the foot of mountains.

References. Rajavel et al. (2011); Tiyagi et al. (2016); unpublished observations.

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) pseudostricklandi Natarajan, Rajavel & Jambulingam, 2018

Distribution. Chhattisgarh: Korba; Goa: Chorao Islands; Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram District—Amode, Molamedu, Ayurmkala; Wayanad District—Kappumchal, Periya, Tholpatty; Tamil Nadu: Anamalai Hills (Western Ghats). Mangrove and non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Specific/semi-specific—Adults and larvae. Immature stages were collected from crabholes, tires and rock holes. Resting adults were collected in shaded areas in stream margins, crabholes and rubber plantations, and were also collected with light traps.

Reference. Natarajan et al. (2018).

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) recondita Edwards, 1922b

Distribution. Andhra Pradesh:Araku-Muliyaguda; Chhattisgarh: Lapha; Odisha: Malkangiri District—Bonda Hills; Keonjhar District—Dhankuniasahi, Saharpur. Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Transient—Adults and larvae. Immature stages are usually found at ground level in crabholes, fallen leaves and rock holes, but they are also found in bamboo in shaded areas in forest. Adults were collected while resting in crabholes, stream margins and tree bases in shaded areas.

Reference. Unpublished observations.

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) satpuraensis Natarajan, Rajavel & Jambulingam, 2017

Distribution. Andhra Pradesh: Araku-Maliyaguda; Chhattisgarh: Korba; Kerala: Wayanad District— Thonichal; Odisha: Keonjhar District—Dhankuniasahi, Malkangiri District—Bonda Hills. Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Semi-specific—Adults and larvae. Immature stages were found in bamboo stumps, crabholes and rock holes.

Reference. Natarajan et al. (2017); unpublished observations.

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) sumethi Peyton & Rattanarithikul, 1970

Distribution. Meghalaya: Tura District—Dibru Hills, Baghmara District—Baghmara to Rongjang. Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Transient—Adults and larvae. Immature stages were collected in crabholes in stream margins. Peyton (1977) reported that the immature stages collected from clear shallow pools on the floor of a single cave.

Reference. Unpublished observations.

Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) campestris Leicester, 1908

Distribution. Meghalaya: Baghmara District—Baghmara to Rongjang. Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Transient—Larvae only. Larvae are usually found in stream pools in heavy shade in rainforests, rock pools and springs.

Reference. Unpublished observations).

Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) testacea Theobald, 1905a

Distribution. Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram District—Cherumangala. Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Transient—Adults only.

Reference. Unpublished observations.

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) n. sp. 1 (to be described)

Distribution. Kerala: Wayanad District—Tholpetty. Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Specific/semi-specific—Larvae only.

Reference. Unpublished observations.

Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) n. sp. 2 (to be described)

Distribution. Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram District—Cherumangala. Non-mangrove.

Habitat dependence. Transient—Adults only. Larvae occur in hoof prints and seepage pools in shaded forested areas.

Reference. Unpublished observations.