Lamium bilgilii Celep, 2017

Celep, Ferhat, 2017, Lamium bilgilii (Lamiaceae), a new species from South-western Turkey (Burdur-Muğla), Phytotaxa 312 (2), pp. 263-270 : 264-268

Lamium bilgilii Celep sp. nov. ( Fig. 1 )

Lamium bilgilii differs from L. garganicum by its denser, longer eglandular villous indumentum accompanied by short glandular hairs on the stem, leaf, inflorescence axis, calyx and corolla; larger corolla, with a wider throat and humped and largely ventricose tube.

Type:— TURKEY. Burdur-Muğla: Altİnyayla (Dirmil), Yayla Karaçulha village, Karaağaç plateau, 1870–2100 m, 36°55’39.63’’N, 29°35’23.98’’E, 5 June 2015, F.Celep 3860 (holotype GAZI!, isotype ANK!).

Perennial with a woody rootstock. Stems ascending-erect, 6–40(–60) cm, very densely eglandular long white villous, with short glandular hairs. Leaves ovate to reniform, 5–45 × 5–45 mm, white villous with short glandular hairs, margin crenate, apex rotund, base cordate, petiole 15–50 mm long, eglandular long white villous with short glandular hairs. Inflorescence indumentum like in the stem. Verticillasters 1–3, each 2–8-flowered. Bracts ovate to reniform, similar to stem leaves. Bracteole linear, 5–11 mm long, eglandular white villous with short glandular hairs. Calyx green, campanulate with oblique mouth, 12–17 mm long, up to 19 mm in fruit, scarcely expanding in fruit, eglandular villous with short or long glandular hairs, particularly on the teeth, tube 7–11 mm long, teeth widely triangular, 5–7 mm long, teeth shorter than tube. Corolla whitish, pinkish-purple, purple striate tube and a large purple blotch on lower lip, 40–52 mm long, tube 27–33 mm long; upper lip 12–17 mm long, shortly bifid and densely long eglandular villous, lower lip 8–12 mm long, lateral lobes very small, corolla tube humped, largely ventricose, curved-slightly, sigmoid, corolla tube entrance (8) 10–15 mm wide, a few long villous hairs inside the tube base. Style sigmoid, 32–46 mm long, stigma placed under the upper lip of corolla, bifid with equal branches. Stamens 4, hairy. Pollen grains yellow-orange. Mericarps triangular-obovate, 3.0–5.0 × 1.3–2.6 mm long, brownish, spots whitish, smooth with pentagular-colliculate and reticulate texture.

Distribution, ecology and phenology:— Lamium bilgilii is endemic to Turkey and grows in South-western Anatolia and Mediterranean phytogeographic regions, inhabits only in calcareous rocks at elevations from 1870– 2100 m ( Fig. 2 ). The vegetation in this place is mainly composed by herbaceous and suffruticose plants, including, Astragalus sp. , Aubrieta sp. , Juniperus sp., Lamium lycium , Marrubium sp. and Verbascum sp. Flowering from Jume to July, fruiting from July to August.

Etymology: —The species is named after the Dr. Bilgehan Bilgili, who has passed away in 2015.

Proposed Turkish name for the new species:— Bilgili Ballİbabasİ.

Conservation Status:— Lamium bilgilii is only known from the type locality and its population size and geographic range seems to be very small. The estimated area of occupancy is less than 10 km 2 with the number of mature individuals being less than 1000 (criteria B2 ab (i, iii) of IUCN 2012). In addition, the population of the species is threatened by over grazing. Therefore, we recommend that the threat category of L. bilgilii should be regarded as Critically Endangered (CR).

Discussion:— Lamium garganicum ( Fig. 3 ) is a morphologically variable species distributed in Turkey, Europe, North Africa, Russia, Cyprus, Palestine, Caucasus, Iran, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq ( Mennema 1989). Mennema (1989) lumped a large number of species under L. garganicum and he expanded morphologic description and circumscription of the species. Therefore, it is difficult to separate new species or resurrect validly published species from L. garganicum complex. My extensive studies and observations in the field and herbaria pointed out that some synonyms and infraspecific taxa of L. garganicum should be resurrected as Krawczyk et al. (2014) did with L. armenum from L. garganicum subsp. striatum var. armenum .

Lamium bilgilii is morphologically similar to L. garganicum but clearly differs in having humped, ventricose and larger corolla ((40–) 45–52 mm vs. 25–40 mm long in L. garganicum , rarely up to 45 mm long), wider and slightly sigmoid corolla tube, and wider corolla tube throat (10–15 mm vs. 5–8 mm wide in L. garganicum ) ( Table 1). In addition, Atalay et al. (2016a) reported that the indumentum is taxonomically significant, particularly in L. garganicum complex and its close relatives ( L. armenum ). They reported that indumentum of L. garganium varied from glabrous ( L. garganicum subsp. laevigatum ) to villous ( L. garganicum L. subsp. lasioclades (Stapf) Mill (1980: 35)) . However, the indumentum of L. bilgilii clearly differs from that of the species in L. garganicum complex ( Fig. 4 , Table 1).

Additional specimens examined (paratype):—Burdur-Muğla: Dirmil-Korkuteli road, Karaçulla plateau, Karlİağaç taþİ region, 1830 m, calcareous rocks, 11 June 2000, A. Duran 5267 (KNYA!).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Lamium bilgilii A, habit. B, basal leaves & stem hairs. C & D, inflorescence and corolla tube throat. E & F, lateral view of the flowers and humped and largely ventricose corolla tube.

FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Lamium bilgilii (Ì).

FIGURE 3. Lamium garganicum complex A & B, L. garganicum subsp. lasioclades. C & D, L. garganicum subsp. rectum. E & F, L. garganicum subsp. striatum G & H, L. garganicum subsp. laevigatum. All photograps taken by F. Celep.

FIGURE 4. Lamium bilgilii A; long nonglandular trichomes on the stem, B; short stalked capitate glandular trichomes on the calyx, C; long nonglandular trichomes on the calyx, D; long stalked capitate glandular trichomes on the calyx, E; long nonglandular and short stalked capitate glandular trichomes on the adaxial leaf surface, F; long nonglandular and peltate glandular trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface (scale bars: A; 200 μm, B; 50 μm, C; 500 μm, D; 50 μm, E; 100 μm, F; 200 μm).