Psychopsidae, Tillyard, 1916

Bakkes, Deon K., Sole, Catherine L. & Mansell, Mervyn W., 2017, Revision of Afrotropical Silky Lacewings (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae), Zootaxa 4362 (2), pp. 151-212 : 158-159

Key to the extant subfamilies, genera and species of Afrotropical Psychopsidae

LUCID v3 key available at keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/ v3 /Afrotropical_ Psychopsidae /.

1 Head with two cranial pulvinae (sclerites) ( Fig. 3A ); male sternite IX not narrow and parallel-sided (Fig 31, 42); female 9th gonocoxite lacking longitudinal row of stiff setae (Figs 14, 50); female 9th gonocoxite with stylus presenting blunt, rounded spines (Figs 14, 50); female 9th gonocoxite with suprastylar setae>50% cochleariform (Figs 14, 50); female spermatheca with broad ventral lobes in lateral view (Figs 12, 70):Zygophlebiinae................................................. 2

- Head with three cranial pulvinae (sclerites) ( Fig. 3B ); sternite IX narrow and parallel-sided in male terminalia (Fig. 120); female 9th gonocoxite presenting longitudinal row of stiff setae ( Figs 97 , 110); female 9th gonocoxite with stylus presenting long, sharp spines ( Figs 97 , 110); female 9th gonocoxite with suprastylar setae <50% cochleariform ( Fig. 97 ); female spermatheca with narrow, finger-like ventral lobes in lateral view (Fig. 95): Silveirainae subfam. nov.: Silveira ................... 7

2 Wings white, patterned variously with brown, black and yellowish spots ( Fig. 5 ); pronotal pattern of anteriorly directed white trident shape with middle and two side stripes ( Fig. 6 ); male mediuncus hooked in lateral view (Fig. 8); female copulatory fovea rounded and oval shaped in ventral view (Fig. 13), internal and backward-directed hook shaped in lateral view (Fig. 22); female bursa without corniform diverticula, one pair of glandulae accessoriae present (Fig. 23): Cabralis ................ 3

- Wings hyaline-yellow, patterned with regular or irregular brown transverse bars, either appearing mottled or striped, becoming more indistinct distally ( Figs 38 , 52 ); hind wing apex with a small dark brown macula on crossveins that close the vena triplica distally ( Figs 38 , 52 ); pronotal pattern indistinct, not as in Cabralis ( Figs 39 , 53 ); variably recurved male mediuncus in lateral view (Figs 41, 55, 66); male 9th gonocoxite bearing large, setose, rounded lobes dorsally (Figs 43, 55); female copulatory fovea with central projection (mid-sagittal carina) present (length varies by species) (Figs 46, 61, 72); female bursa with corniform diverticula present and with two pairs of glandulae accessoriae (one pair in Z. pseudosilveira) (Fig. 71): Zygophlebius. 5

3 Forewing spots relatively small and weak, imparting a less prominent appearance to wing markings ( Fig. 16 ); pronotum with anteriorly-directed white trident pattern having distinct widening of middle stripe ( Fig. 17 ); generally light body colour ( Fig. 16 ); male mediuncus curved, thick and with smooth margin in lateral view (Fig. 19):.............. Cabralis pallidus n. sp.

- Forewing spots relatively large and strong, imparting a prominent appearance to wing markings ( Figs 5 , 27 ); pronotal pattern of anteriorly-directed white trident shape with distinct widening or black spot on middle stripe ( Figs 6 , 28 ); generally dark body colour ( Figs 5 , 27 ); male mediuncus thin with smooth margin in lateral view (Fig. 8), or thick with undulating margin in lateral view (Fig. 30):.................................................................................. 4

4 Pronotum with anteriorly-directed white trident pattern having minor thickening on middle stripe ( Fig. 6 ); male mediuncus thin with smooth margin in lateral view (Fig. 8):............................................... Cabralis gloriosus

- Pronotum with anteriorly-directed white trident pattern having black spot on middle stripe ( Fig. 28 ); male mediuncus thick with undulating margin in lateral view (Fig. 30):....................................... Cabralis zambeziensis n. sp.

5 Forewing hyaline with dark brown maculations, irregularly or transversely barred proximally, grading to finely irrorate or indistinct distally ( Fig. 52 ); male mediuncus weakly recurved (Fig. 55); male mediuncus with a pair of subapical setal tufts laterally (Fig. 58); male gonarcus lacking extra-hemigonarcal process; female copulatory fovea large and spheroidal; female sternite VII with sagittal carina incipient (Fig. 61):........................................ Zygophlebius pseudosilveira

- Forewing hyaline-yellowish with patterning light brown and non-irrorate, resembling stripes, sometimes nearly indistinct ( Fig. 38 ); male mediuncus strongly recurved, entire distal portion or only apical portion recurved (Figs 41, 66); male mediuncus lacking pair of sub-apical setal tufts laterally; male gonarcus with extra-hemigonarcal processes (Figs 41, 66); female copulatory fovea non-spheroidal; female sternite VII with sagittal carina prominent (Figs 47, 74)............................ 6

6 Male mediuncus strongly recurved in apical portion only (Fig. 66); female copulatory fovea non-spheroidal, sagittal carina short (Fig 74):......................................................................... Zygophlebius zebra

- Male mediuncus strongly recurved in the entire distal portion (Fig. 41); female fovea non-spheroidal, sagittal carina long (Fig. 47):...............................................................................Z ygophlebius leoninus

7 Male ectoproct with ventral margin straight, lacking an inwardly-directed dilatation (Fig. 80); male mediuncus dorsoventrally flattened and broad in dorsal view (Fig. 81); male mediuncus without dorsolateral lobes at proximal end (Fig. 79); female ster-

nite VII with furrow-like copulatory fovea, without dividing ridge at its anterior end (Fig. 84):............ Silveira jordani - Male ectoproct with an inwardly-directed dilatation on ventral margin (either long and truncate, or broadly angular) (Figs 90, 101); male mediuncus not dorsoventrally flattened, spine-like in dorsal view (Figs 89, 102); male mediuncus with large dorsolateral lobes at proximal end (Figs 89, 102); female sternite VII with pit-like copulatory fovea, shape chordate in ventral view, and with narrow or wide dividing ridge at its anterior margin (Figs 95, 107, 122):................................... 8

8 Forewing patterned with reddish mottling, body reddish brown ( Fig. 97 ); male ectoproct with inwardly-directed dilatation of ventral margin broadly angular in shape (Fig. 101); male mediuncus not dorsoventrally flattened, thick spine-like (Fig. 102); male mediuncus with dorsolateral lobes not narrowing posteriorly (Fig. 102); female copulatory fovea broadly chordate, with incipient and narrow dividing ridge placed anteriorly (imparting a bilobed appearance in ventral view) (Fig. 107):.................................................................................................... Silveira rufus

- Forewing patterned with dark brown, interspersed with grey mottling, body dark brown ( Figs 86 , 112 ); male ectoproct with inwardly directed dilatation of ventral margin either long and truncate, or broadly angular (Figs 90, 116); male mediuncus not dorsoventrally flattened, instead spine-like, thin or moderate thickness (Figs 89, 115); male mediuncus with dorsolateral lobes broad proximally, narrowing posteriorly (Figs 91, 117); female copulatory fovea broadly chordate, with a wide dividing ridge placed anteriorly (Figs 95, 122):.......................................................................... 9

9 Male ectoproct with ventral margin presenting inwardly directed dilatation that is abruptly protruding, long and truncate (Fig. 90); male mediuncus spine-like, moderately thick (Fig. 91); female spermatheca with ventral, slender, finger-like process arising close to apex (Fig. 92); female copulatory fovea with shallowly produced dividing ridge on anterior margin (Fig. 95):........................................................................................... Silveira occultus

- Male ectoproct with ventral margin presenting inwardly directed dilatation gently protruding and broadly angular (Fig. 118); male mediuncus spine-like, thin (Figs 117); female spermatheca with slender, finger-like process arising near midway (Fig. 121); female copulatory fovea with deeply produced dividing ridge on anterior margin (Fig. 122):........ Silveira marshalli

Figures

FIGURE 3. Anterior view of the head of A) Cabralis gloriosus, male, Umtali (Mutare), Zimbabwe, Database no.: TMSA02100 (left) and B) Silveira marshalli, female, Mutare, Zimbabwe, Database no.: NEUR05582 (right). Two ocellar/ cranial pulvinae (sclerites) (left) are a synapomorphy of Zygophlebiinae (s. str.), whilst three pulvinae (sclerites) (right) are a synapomorphy of Silveirainae subfam nov.

FIGURE 5. Cabralis gloriosus, habitus, male, Umtali (Mutare), Zimbabwe, Database no.: TMSA02100.

FIGURE 6. Cabralis gloriosus, anterior body, dorsal, female, Burma Valley, Zimbabwe, Database no.: NEUR11708. Figures indicates pronotal pattern of white trident with minor thickening on middle stripe that is diagnostic for this species.

FIGURE 16. Cabralis pallidus n. sp., habitus, paratype, female, Entabeni Forest Reserve, South Africa, Database no.: NEUR00006.

FIGURE 17. Cabralis pallidus n. sp., anterior body, dorsal, paratype, male, Tshakoma, South Africa, Database no.: TMSA02097. Figure indicates pronotal pattern of white trident with distinct widening on middle stripe that is diagnostic for this species.

FIGURE 27. Cabralis zambeziensis n. sp., habitus, paratype, female, Ndola, Zambia, Database no.: NEUR52670.

FIGURE 28. Cabralis zambeziensis n. sp., anterior body, dorsal, paratype, female, Chiwoma, Zambia, Database no.: NEUR10109. Figure indicates pronotal pattern of white trident with black spot on middle stripe that is diagnostic for this species.

FIGURE 38. Zygophlebius leoninus, habitus, female, Mwinilunga, Zambia, Database no.: NEUR09572.

FIGURE 39. Zygophlebius leoninus, anterior body, dorsal, male, Murlebrook Farm—Tzaneen, South Africa, Database no.: NEUR00895.

FIGURE 52. Zygophlebius pseudosilveira, habitus, male, Hoogenoeg, South Africa, Database no.: NEUR09900.

FIGURE 53. Zygophlebius pseudosilveira, anterior body, dorsal, female, Hoogenoeg, South Africa, Database no.: NEUR52509.

FIGURE 86. Silveira occultus, habitus, male, Elefantenberg,Namibia, Database no.: NEUR08662.

FIGURE 97. Silveira rufus, habitus, male, Sonnedroom Farm—Thabazimbi, South Africa, Database no.:NEUR08664.

FIGURE 112. Silveira marshalli, habitus, holotype,male, Salisbury (Harare), Zimbabwe, Database no.: BMNH00229.