Philonthus (Smetana, 1995)

Chani-Posse, Mariana, 2010, Revision of the southern South American species of Philonthus Stephens (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) 2595, Zootaxa 2595, pp. 1-70 : 9-11

Key to southern South American species of Philonthus

1 Distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons less than twice distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures (Fig. 3) ............................................................................................................................................. 21

- Distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons twice or more as large as distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures (Figs. 1, 6) ........................................................................................................................2

2 Pronotum moderately to distinctly narrowed anteriad (Figs. 9, 10) ........................................................................... 6

- Pronotum parallel-sided (Fig. 11) ................................................................................................................................. 3

3 Eyes distinctly shorter than temples seen from above; transverse distance between punctures on elytra distinctly larger than diameters of punctures ( Fig. 13) .......................................................................... P. quadraticeps Boheman

- Eyes distinctly longer than temples seen from above (Figs. 1, 4, 5); transverse distance between punctures on elytra about as large as to distinctly smaller than diameters of punctures ( Fig. 12) ............................................................... 4

4 Antennal segment 4 distinctly quadrate; distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons more than three times distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures; terga 2 and 3 with posterior basal line straight medially .............................................................................................................................. P. discoideus (Gravenhorst)

- Antennal segment 4 elongate (Figs. 10, 11); distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons twice to three times as large as distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures; terga 2 and 3 with posterior basal line acutely extended medially ( Fig. 15).............................................................................................................................. 5

5 Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with four punctures; paramere of aedeagus entire, not divided ( Fig. 103) ..................................................................................................................................................... P. politus (Linné)

- Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with five punctures, rarely with four (if so, only in one row); paramere of aedeagus divided into two branches ( Fig. 112) ........................................................................ P. rectangulus Sharp

6 Eyes about as long as or shorter than temples seen from above ................................................................................. 10

- Eyes distinctly longer than temples seen from above ................................................................................................... 7

7 Distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons more than three times distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures; first segment of hind tarsus longer than last segment.................................................... 9

- Distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons twice to three times as large as distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures; first segment of hind tarsus as long as or shorter than last segment ....................... 8

8 Antennal segment 10 quadrate; last segment of both labial and maxillary palpus fusiform (Fig. 1); styli of tergum 9 with basal portion testaceous and apical portion black................................................... P. bicoloristylus Chani-Posse

- Antennal segment 10 elongate; last segment of labial palpus gradually narrowed to acute apex; last segment of maxillary palpus acicular (Fig. 4); styli of tergum 9 uniformly dark ................................................ P. pallipes Blanchard

9 Male sternum 8 deeply emarginate medio-apically .......................................................................... P.figulus Erichson

- Male sternum 8 moderately emarginate medio-apically ....................................................... P. aeruginosus Nordmann

10 Head about as wide as long ........................................................................................................................................ 13

- Head moderately to distinctly wider than long ..........................................................................................................11

11 Antennal segments 8–10 elongate; pronotum slightly narrowed anteriad to parallel-sided ...... P. bruchianus sp. nov.

- Antennal segments 8–10 not elongate; pronotum distinctly narrowed anteriad .........................................................12

12 Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with four punctures; first segment of hind tarsus longer than last segment .......................................................................................................................................... P. ruficauda Bernhauer

- Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with six punctures; first segment of hind tarsus about as long as last segment ................................................................................................................................ P. sericans (Gravenhorst)

13 Antennal segments 8–10 elongate.............................................................................................................................. 17

- Antennal segments 8–10 not elongate ........................................................................................................................ 14

14 Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with five punctures, rarely with four (if so, only at one row); first segment of hind tarsus distinctly longer than last segment ........................................................ P. flavolimbatus Erichson

- Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with four punctures; first segment of hind tarsus as long as or shorter than last segment ........................................................................................................................................................ 15

15 Antennal segment 8 quadrate; last segment of labial palpus about 1.5 times as long as the preceding segment ........... .......................................................................................................................................................... P. pauxillus Solsky

- Antennal segment 8 transverse; last segment of labial palpus twice as long as the preceding segment ................... 16

16 Antennal segment 5 subquadrate (Fig. 9); male sternum 8 deeply emarginate medio- apically; apex of paramere reaching about two thirds of median lobe length, with sensory peg setae ( Figs. 33–35) .... P. bonariensis Bernhauer

- Antennal segment 5 elongate; male sternum 8 moderately emarginate medio-apically; apex of paramere almost reaching apex of median lobe, without sensory peg setae ( Figs. 77, 78) ...................................... P. hepaticus Erichson

17 Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with five punctures; apex of male tergum 10 not emarginate medioapically........................................................................................................................................................................19

- Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with four punctures; apex of male tergum 10 emarginate medio-apically............................................................................................................................................................................. 18

18 Antennal segments 2 and 3 subequal in length; second segment of maxillary palpus no more than twice as long as its maximum width; mentum and submentum subequal in length ........................................ P. stenocephalus Scheerpeltz

- Antennal segment 2 shorter than segment 3; second segment of maxillary palpus more than twice as long as its maximum width; submentum about 1.5 times as long as mentum ............................................................. P. argus Herman

19 Last segment of labial palpus twice as long as preceding segment; mid tarsus longer than mid tibia; male sternum 8 moderately emarginate apically ................................................................................................. P. longicornis Stephens

- Last segment of labial palpus 1.5 times as long as preceding segment; mid tarsus as long as mid tibia; male sternum 8 deeply emarginate apically ...................................................................................................................................... 20

20 Antennal segments 2 and 3 subequal in length; male tergum 10 subacute apically ( Fig. 139); apex of median lobe subtruncate ( Fig. 143) ..................................................................................................................... P. varians (Paykull)

- Antennal segment 2 shorter than segment 3; male tergum 10 arcuate apically ( Fig. 44); apex of median lobe subacute ( Fig. 45).................................................................................................................. P. convexicollis Lynch-Arribálzaga

21 Eyes distinctly longer than temples seen from above (Fig. 11); front tarsus shorter than front tibia ............................. ................................................................................................................................... P. lynchi Bernhauer and Schubert

- Eyes about as long as or shorter than temples seen from above; front tarsus as long as front tibia ...........................22

22 Antennal segment 8 transverse; pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with four punctures; transverse distance between punctures on elytra distinctly larger than diameters of punctures; paramere elongate with sensory peg setae.................................................................................................................................................... P. floresi sp. nov.

- Antennal segment 8 quadrate or elongate; pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with five to six punctures; transverse distance between punctures on elytra about as large as to distinctly smaller than diameters of punctures; paramere reduced without sensory peg setae .............................................................................................................. 23

23 Antennal segment 10 transverse; first segment of hind tarsus longer than last segment..... P. cribriventris Bernhauer

- Antennal segment 10 quadrate or elongate; first segment of hind tarsus as long as last segment..............................24

24 Antennal segment 8 quadrate; pronotum distinctly narrowed anteriad ........................................ P. jenseni Bernhauer

- Antennal segment 8 elongate; pronotum slightly narrowed anteriad to parallel-sided... P. rubromaculatus Bernhauer