Isoctenus corymbus, POLOTOW ET AL., 2005

Polotow, Daniele & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2009, Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3), pp. 583-614 : 597-599

ISOCTENUS CORYMBUS POLOTOW ET AL., 2005

Isoctenus corymbus Polotow et al., 2005: 40 , figs 6–9 (male holotype from Lapa do Angélica, Parque Estadual de Terra Ronca, São Domingos, Goiás, Brazil, ix.2004, F. Pellegatti-Franco, deposited in IBSP 47613. Paratypes: 1 female, same data as holotype, deposited in IBSP 36325; 1 male from the same locality as holotype, ix.2000, deposited in MZSP; 1 female paratype from the same locality as holotype, iii.2005, deposited in MZSP, examined). Platnick, 2008.

Additional material examined: None.

Diagnosis: Isoctenus corymbus resembles I. coxalis by the morphology of the median apophysis and embolus in the male palp, but can be distinguished by the elongated tibia, ventral branch of RTA short, dorsal branch of RTA with truncated tip in male palp ( Polotow et al., 2005, figs 6, 7) and by the elongated lateral spurs, spermathecae with a small head and base with a median groove in the epigynum ( Polotow et al., 2005, figs 8, 9).

Description: Male and female are described in Polotow et al. (2005: 38, figs 6–9).

Distribution: Central-western Brazil, State of Goiás.

ISOCTENUS GRISEOLUS (MELLO- LEITÃO, 1936) COMB. NOV. ( Fig. 7A–D )

Ctenus griseolus Mello-Leitão, 1936: 7 , pl. 1 fig. 8, pl. 2 figs 6, 7 (male holotype from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, C. Mello-Leitão, deposited in MNRJ 132, examined); Mello-Leitão, 1936: 3; Bonnet, 1956: 1281; Platnick, 2008.

Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis , 1 female ( MNRJ 161 ) ; Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá, Represa da Covanca , 1 female ( MNRJ 13433 ) ; Araruama, Lagoa de Jutunaíba , 1 male ( MNRJ) .

Diagnoses: Isoctenus griseolus comb. nov. resembles I. corymbus by the morphology of the median apophysis in the male palp, but can be distinguished by the additional small projection in the ventral branch of RTA, dorsal branch of RTA with round tip in male palp ( Fig. 7A, B ) and by the median field posteriorly projected and the smooth spermathecae ( Fig. 7C, D ) in the epigynum.

Description: Male ( MNRJ, Araruama, Rio de Janeiro). Coloration as in I. foliifer . Total length 13.80. Carapace 7.80 long and 6.30 wide. Clypeus 0.30 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.26, ALE 0.22, PME 0.34, PLE 0.30. Leg measurements: I: femur 7.40/ patella 3.30/ tibia 8.10/ metatarsus 7.70/ tarsus 3.20/ total 29.70; II: 7.10/ 2.90/ 6.50/ 6.50/ 2.80/ 25.80; III: 6.20/ 2.50/ 5.10/ 6.50/ 2.30/ 22.60; IV: 8.10/ 2.90/ 7.50/ 10.50/ 3.00/ 32.00. Leg spination as in I. foliifer . Coxa IV with ventral apophysis ( Polotow et al., 2005, fig. 5). Palp: tibia short, approximately half cymbium length; RTA with a ventral branch short and dorsal branch elongated with internal grooves; tibia with robust ventral apophysis ( Fig. 7A, B ). Cymbium with short and laminar ventral retrolateral projection; embolus short and robust with bifid tip and basal projection short and curved; robust median apophysis, with anterior projection short and rounded and posterior projection short and conical ( Fig. 7A, B ).

Female ( MNRJ 161). Coloration as in I. foliifer . Total length 13.00. Carapace 6.20 long and 5.40 wide. Clypeus 0.25 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.28, ALE 0.28, PME 0.35, PLE 0.30. Leg measurements: I: femur 6.90/ patella 3.50/ tibia 6.50/ metatarsus 5.10/ tarsus 2.00/ total 24.00; II: 6.60/ 3.20/ 5.50/ 4.70/ 1.90/ 21.90; III: 5.10/ 2.70/ 4.10/ 4.60/ 1.90/ 18.40; IV: 7.40/ 3.00/ 6.40/ 8.00/ 1.90/ 26.70. Leg spination as in I. foliifer . Epigynum: median field rounded, with anterior margin excavated; lateral spurs short, partially covered by the median field and with rounded tip ( Fig. 7C ). Spermathecae with rounded head and large base; ventral wall with a fold behind the spermathecae ( Fig. 7D ).

Variation: Two females: total 13.00–16.80, carapace 6.20–7.30, femur I 6.50–6.90.

Distribution: South-eastern Brazil, State of Rio de Janeiro.

ISOCTENUS TAPERAE (MELLO- LEITÃO, 1936) COMB. NOV. ( FIG. 8A, B )

Ctenus taperae Mello-Leitão, 1936: 13 , pl. 3, figs 25, 26 (male holotype from ‘Tapera’, currently Moreno, Pernambuco, Brazil, B. Pickel, deposited in MNRJ 145, examined); Mello-Leitão, 1936: 3; Platnick, 2008.

Ctenus taperanus Bonnet, 1956: 1290 (erroneous replacement name).

Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Ouro Preto , 1 male ( MNRJ 2906 ) .

Diagnosis: Isoctenus taperae comb. nov. resembles I. ordinario sp. nov. by the morphology of the embolus and median apophysis in male palp ( Fig. 8A ), but can be distinguished by the short tibiae and the dorsal branch of RTA elongated with narrow tip in male palp ( Fig. 8A, B ).

Description: Male ( MNRJ 2906). Coloration as in I. foliifer . Total length 13.70. Carapace 7.20 long and 5.60 wide. Clypeus 0.43 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.28, ALE 0.28, PME 0.42, PLE 0.26. Leg measurements: I: femur 8.00/ patella 3.80/ tibia 7.80/ metatarsus 7.80/ tarsus 3.70/ total 31.10; II: 7.10/ 3.20/ 6.80/ 6.80/ 3.00/ 26.90; III: 6.10/ 2.80/ 5.10/ 6.40/ 2.40/ 22.80; IV: 8.50/ 3.00/ 7.80/ 10.20/ 3.30/ 32.80. Leg spination as in I. foliifer . Coxa IV with ventral apophysis ( Polotow et al., 2005, fig. 5). Palp: tibia approximately two-thirds cymbium length; RTA with ventral branch truncated and dorsal branch with internal grooves; tibia with slender and elongated ventral apophysis ( Fig. 8A, B ). Cymbium with ventral retrolateral projection reduced and dorsal retrolateral projection rounded; short and laminar embolus, with bifid tip and short basal projection; robust median apophysis, with anterior projection elongated and posterior projection conical ( Fig. 8A, B ).

Female: Unknown.

Distribution: North-eastern and south-eastern Brazil, States of Pernambuco and Minas Gerais.

ISOCTENUS ORDINARIO SP. NOV.

( FIGS 9A–D , 19H, I )

Ctenus sanguineus Walckenaer, 1837 ; Mello-Leitão, 1936: 12, pl. I, fig. 24 (misidentification).

Type material: Male holotype and female paratype from Usina Hidrelétrica de Segredo, reservatório do Rio Jordão , Candói / Mangueirinha, Paraná, Brazil, 24.iv–4.v.1996, R. Bertani, deposited in IBSP 48358. Paratypes : 1 male from Jundiaí , São Paulo, Brazil, 26.iv.2001, V. Merge, deposited in IBSP 27909 ; 1 female from Taboão da Serra , São Paulo, Brazil, 5.x.1997, F. Leirão, deposited in IBSP 14482 ; 1 male from São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 9.ix.2003, A. Tranduta, deposited in IBSP 41295 ; 1 female from Piracaia , São Paulo, Brazil, 16.ix.1996, S. C. Castro Filho, deposited in IBSP 8507 .

Etymology: The species epithet is a Portuguese noun meaning ‘ordinary’.

Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Guaxupé , 1 female ( IBSP 6421 ) ; Itapeva , 1 male ( IBSP 11937 ) . Rio de Janeiro: São Pedro da Aldeia , 1 female ( MNRJ 136 ) . São Paulo: Botucatu , 1 female ( UBTU) ; Vargem Grande Paulista , 1 male ( IBSP 6405 ) ; Piratininga , 1 male, 1 female ( IBSP 34993 ) ; Pinhalzinho , 1 male ( IBSP 6144 ) ; Piraju, Usina Hidrelétrica de Piraju , 1 male ( IBSP 36291 ) ; Itatiba , 1 male ( IBSP 27304 ) ; Bragança Paulista , 1 female ( IBSP 8535 ) ; Tremembé , 2 males ( IBSP 2645 ) ; Piracaia , 1 male ( IBSP 39873 ) ; Itu , 1 male ( IBSP 6450 ) ; Itapevi , 1 male ( IBSP 6147 ) ; Jundiaí , 1 female ( IBSP 5835 ) ; São Roque , 4 males, 2 females ( IBSP 4739 ) ; São Paulo, 3 male ( IBSP 976 ; 27754; 39843) ; Araçariguama , 1 female ( IBSP 29559 ) ; Cajamar , 1 male ( IBSP 50889 ) ; Mairinque , 1 male ( IBSP 8588 ) ; Mairiporã , 1 female ( IBSP 6103 ) ; Biritiba Mirim , 1 male ( IBSP 6087 ) ; Itapecerica da Serra , 1 male ( IBSP 8344 ) ; Nazaré Paulista , 1 male, 3 females ( IBSP 8511 ) ; Ibiúna , 1 female ( IBSP 43994 ) ; Tapiraí , 1 male ( IBSP 20200 ) . Paraná: Dois Vizinhos, Cruzeiro do Sul , 2 females ( IBSP 21188 , 21359 ) ; Candói / Mangueirinha, Usina Hidrelétrica de Segredo, reservatório do Rio Jordão , 7 males, 20 females ( IBSP 7197–7199 ; 7208; 7211; 7219; 48358) ; Curitiba, Barigüi , 1 female ( IBSP 1024 ) . Rio Grande do Sul: Derrubadas, Parque Estadual do Turvo , 1 male, 2 females ( MCN 38808; 38809) ; Esmeralda , 1 female ( MCN 2899 ) ; Arroio do Tigre , 1 male ( MCN 7843 ) . ARGENTINA. San Javier: Arroyo Guerrero , 1 male ( MCTP 1295 ) .

Diagnosis: Isoctenus ordinario sp. nov. resembles I. taperae comb. nov. by the morphology of the embolus and median apophysis in male palp ( Fig. 9A ), but can be distinguished by the elongated tibiae and the dorsal branch of RTA elongated with rounded tip and internal grooves in male palp ( Fig. 9A, B ) and by the median field with anterior margin deeply excavated in the epigynum ( Fig. 9C ).

Description: Male ( IBSP 48358). Coloration as in I. foliifer . Total length 13.30. Carapace 7.20 long and 5.40 wide. Clypeus 0.32 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.38, ALE 0.26, PME 0.46, PLE 0.42. Leg measurements: I: femur 8.20/ patella 3.20/ tibia 8.90/ metatarsus 7.70/ tarsus 4.10/ total 32.10; II: 7.40/ 3.40/ 7.60/ 7.20/ 3.30/ 28.90; III: 6.50/ 2.80/ 6.50/ 6.90/ 3.00/ 25.70; IV: 8.60/ 3.10/ 8.30/ 10.60/ 3.70/ 34.30. Leg spination as in I. foliifer , except tibia I and II p1-1-0. Palp: tibia approximately same length as cymbium; RTA with ventral branch truncated; tibia with short and curved ventral apophysis ( Fig. 9A, B ). Cymbium with ventral retrolateral projection reduced and dorsal retrolateral projection rounded; short and laminar embolus, with bifid tip and short basal projection; robust median apophysis, with conical anterior and posterior projections ( Figs 9A, B , 19H–I ).

Female ( IBSP 48358). Coloration as in I. foliifer . Total length 13.30. Carapace 7.20 long and 5.40 wide. Clypeus 0.32 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.38, ALE 0.26, PME 0.46, PLE 0.42. Leg measurements: I: femur 8.20/ patella 3.20/ tibia 8.90/ metatarsus 7.70/ tarsus 4.10/ total 32.10; II: 7.40/ 3.40/ 7.60/ 7.20/ 3.30/ 28.90; III: 6.50/ 2.80/ 6.50/ 6.90/ 3.00/ 25.70; IV: 8.60/ 3.10/ 8.30/ 10.60/ 3.70/ 34.30. Leg spination as in I. foliifer , except tibia I and II p1-1-0. Epigynum: rounded median field; lateral spurs short partially covered by the median field and with rounded tip ( Fig. 9C ). Spermathecae smooth, with rounded head and large base; ventral wall with a fold behind the spermathecae ( Fig. 9D ).

Variation: Ten males: total length 10.50–14.10, carapace 5.50–7.90, femur I 5.80–8.30; ten females: total length 14.50–18.80, carapace 7.00–8.90, femur I 6.30– 8.00.

Distribution: South-eastern and southern Brazil, States of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, and north-eastern Argentina.

ISOCTENUS EUPALAESTRUS MELLO- LEITÃO, 1936

( FIGS 10A–D , 19A )

Isoctenus eupalaestrus Mello-Leitão, 1936: 18 , pl. 3, figs 39, 40 (male holotype and female paratype from Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil, O. Leonardos, deposited in MNRJ 42271, examined); Bonnet, 1957: 2311; Platnick, 2008.

Ctenus pauper Mello-Leitão, 1947: 271 , figs 26, 27 [only the female paralectotype deposited in MHCI 2520, designated by Pinto-da-Rocha & Caron (1989), examined]; Pinto-da-Rocha & Caron, 1989: 1026; Platnick, 2008.

Additional material examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Botucatu, 1 female, 1 male ( UBTU); Iporanga, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira , 10 males , 4

females ( IBSP); Mairiporã, 1 male ( IBSP 6073 ) ; Sorocaba, 1 male ( IBSP 11014 ) .

Diagnosis: Isoctenus eupalaestrus resembles I. segredo sp. nov. by the embolus shape ( Figs 10A , 19A ) in male palp, but can be distinguished by the elongated dorsal branch of RTA, elongated dorsal projection of cymbium and robust median apophysis in male palp ( Fig. 10A, B ) and by the large median field and lateral spurs slender and elongated in the epigynum ( Fig. 10C ).

Description: Male (holotype). Coloration as in I. foliifer , except by a lighter arrow mark in abdomen dorsum. Total length 7.40. Carapace 4.10 long and 3.10 wide. Clypeus 0.08 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.17, ALE 0.12, PME 0.20, PLE 0.22. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.05/ patella 1.25/ tibia 3.05/ metatarsus 2.55/ tarsus 1.30/ total 10.20; II: 2.45/ 1.50/ 3.05/ 2.05/ 0.90/ 9.95; III: 2.90/ 1.25/ 2.45/ 2.75/ 1.55/ 10.90; IV: 3.90/ 1.40/ 3.60/ 4.35/ 1.40/ 14.65. Leg spination as in I. foliifer , except tibia I and II r0-1-1, metatarsus I r0-1-0, p1-1-0, II r0-1-1, p1-1-0. Palp: tibia short, approximately half cymbium length; RTA with ventral branch conical and dorsal branch slender and elongated with pointed tip and internal grooves; tibia with short and conical ventral apophysis ( Fig. 10A, B ). Cymbium with ventral retrolateral projection reduced; short and laminar embolus with rounded tip and robust basal projection; median apophysis with elongated anterior and posterior projection ( Fig. 10A ).

Female ( IBSP). Coloration as in male. Total length 9.60. Carapace 4.70 long and 3.90 wide. Clypeus 0.12 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.20, ALE 0.18, PME 0.32, PLE 0.26. Leg measurements: I: femur 4.20/ patella 2.10/ tibia 3.80/ metatarsus 2.90/ tarsus 1.40/ total 14.40; II: 3.90/ 2.00/ 3.30/ 2.90/ 1.40/ 13.50; III: 3.50/ 1.80/ 2.50/ 3.20/ 1.30/ 12.30; IV: 4.50/ 1.90/ 4.20/ 5.00/ 1.80/ 17.40. Leg spination as in I. foliifer , except metatarsus IV r1-2-2, p1-1-1-1. Epigynum: median field with anterior margin smooth, posterior margin slightly projected and lateral margins rounded; lateral spurs not covered by the median field and with projected tip ( Fig. 10C ). Spermathecae with large head and rounded base; ventral wall with a fold covering part of the spermathecae ( Fig. 10D ).

Variation: Ten males: total length 7.20–9.00, carapace 4.10–4.80, femur I 3.90–4.50; five females: total length 9.50–11.00, carapace 4.00–4.80, femur I 3.30– 4.50.

Distribution: South-eastern and southern Brazil, States of São Paulo and Paraná.

Figures

Figure 7. Isoctenus griseolus comb. nov.: A, male palp, ventral view; B, male palp, retrolateral view; C, epigynum, ventral view; D, epigynum dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.00 mm.

Figure 8. Isoctenus taperae comb. nov.: A, male palp, ventral view; B, male palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 1.00 mm.

Figure 9. Isoctenus ordinario sp. nov.: A, male palp, ventral view; B, male palp, retrolateral view; C, epigynum, ventral view; D, epigynum dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.00 mm.

Figure 10. Isoctenus eupalaestrus: A, male palp, ventral view; B, male palp, retrolateral view; C, epigynum, ventral view; D, epigynum dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.50 mm.

Figure 19. A–H. Embolus: A, Isoctenus eupalaestrus; B, I. minusculus comb. nov.; C, I. strandi; D, I. malabaris; E, I. foliifer; F, I. coxalis; G, I. janeirus; H, I. ordinario sp. nov.; I, median apophysis of Isoctenus ordinario sp. nov., dorsal view.