Aphelopus wittei Benoit, 1951

Olmi, Massimo, Copeland, Robert S. & Noort, Simon Van, 2019, Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 4630 (1), pp. 1-619 : 54-60

8. Aphelopus wittei Benoit, 1951

( Figs 13F , 15D, E , 17E, F )

Aphelopus wittei Benoit 1951c: 16 ; 1951d: 23; Olmi 1984: 62; Fiori 1984: 1; Olmi 1990b: 404; 1994c: 9; Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 223; Olmi & van Harten 2000: 258; 2006: 314; Olmi 2006: 35; 2009b: 450, 456; Azevedo et al. 2010: 884; Olmi & Copeland 2011: 192; Olmi et al. 2015: 338; 2016: 51

Gymnaphelopus wittei (Benoit) : Benoit 1951d: 23.

Description. ♀ ( Fig. 17F ). Fully winged ( Fig. 15D ); body length 1.6–2.6 mm. Head black, except mandible testa- ceous and clypeus whitish; frons black, usually with more or less wide whitish spot; occasionally frons and clypeus completely black ( Fig. 15E ); antenna completely testaceous, or brown, except scape and pedicel testaceous; mesosoma and metasoma black; legs testaceous; ventral side of body usually black; in specimens with frons partly whitish, ventral side of head and mesosoma completely whitish; occasionally body completely brown or ferruginous. Antenna filiform; antennomeres in following proportions: 5:5:6:8:8:7:5:5:5:7. Head dull, granulate; frontal line incomplete; occipital carina complete; POL = 5.5; OL = 4; OOL = 5; OPL = 4; TL = 5. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metanotum dull, granulate. Notauli incomplete, usually reaching 0.65–0.80 × length of mesoscutum, occasionally reaching 0.3–0.4 × length of mesoscutum. Mesopleuron and metapleuron smooth, unsculptured or slightly granulate. Metapectal-propodeal disc reticulate rugose; propodeal declivity usually with two longitudinal keels, median area usually shiny, smooth, not reticulate rugose, and lateral areas reticulate rugose. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

♂ ( Fig. 17E ). Fully winged; body length 1.7–2.2 mm. Head usually black, except mandible testaceous; clyp- eus black; occasionally frons black, except clypeus whitish; occasionally frons completely whitish, except ocellar region brown, or black, except more or less wide whitish spot; antenna usually brown, except scape and pedicel testaceous; in ♂♂ with head almost completely whitish, antenna completely testaceous; mesosoma and metasoma black (rarely mesosoma brown); legs usually completely testaceous; occasionally stalk of metafemur darkened. Antenna filiform; antennomeres in following proportions: 5.5:5:5.5:6:7:7.5:7:7:7:10. Head dull, granulate; frontal line incomplete; occipital carina complete; POL = 7.5; OL = 4; OOL = 5; OPL = 4; TL = 5. Mesoscutum , mesoscutellum and metanotum dull, granulate; notauli incomplete, usually reaching approximately 0.65 × length of mesoscutum, occasionally reaching 0.4 × length of mesoscutum. Mesopleuron and metapleuron smooth, slightly granulate or unsculptured. Metapectal-propodeal disc reticulate rugose; propodeal declivity usually with two longitudinal keels, median area usually shiny, smooth, unsculptured, and lateral areas reticulate rugose; occasionally propodeal de- clivity without longitudinal keels, completely reticulate rugose. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. Basivolsella ( Fig. 13F ) with 2 subdistal bristles; in specimen from Kenya, 00°23.73’N 34°53.165’E, one of basivolsellae has 2 subdistal bristles and the other one has 1 subdistal bristle. In specimen from South Africa, 33°44.090’S 21°55.654’E, parameres strongly bent and much shorter than penis. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Material examined. Types: ♀ holotype: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), between Ngesho and Bishakishaki, Kashwa , 2000 m, 7–23.I.1935, Mission G.F. de Witte ( MRAC). Paratypes: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mokoto, Burunga, 2000 m, 17–19.III.1934, Mission G. F. de Witte, ♂ allotype ( MRAC); same locality label as allotype, 1♂ ( NHMUK); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Volc. Mikeno, Rweru, 2400 m, bambous, 26–27.VII.1934, G. F. de Witte leg., 1♂ ( NHMUK); in MRAC there are further 87 paratypes (not examined) all from North Kivu (see list in Benoit 1951c). Other material: ANGOLA: Cuanza Sul, 7 mi. W Gabela, 16–18.III.1972, Southern African Expedition, 2♂♂, 2♀♀ ( NHMUK); BOTSWANA: Chobe National Park ( USUC). BURUNDI: Muyange, 2100 m, 11.VIII.1948 ( ISNB); Rusizi National Park, 3.34364°S 29.27246°E, 774 m, 13–20.IV.2010, MT near three small trees, degraded bush/grassland, R. Copeland leg., 1♂ ( NMK); Bururi National Forest, 3.93022°S 29.61697°E, 1955 m, 24.VIII–7.IX.2010, MT, indigenous for- est, near stream, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK). CAMEROON: East Region, Messa Bengondo, 15–30.III.2003, 13–30.IV.2003, M. Tussac leg., 2♂♂ ( HTS); Northwest Region, E of Big Babanki, 06°06.698’N 10°15.938’E, 1200 m, 5–13.III.2008, Martin Riha leg., 1♀ ( OLL); South Region, near Ebolowa, Nkoemvon, XII.1978 – I.1979, D. Jack- son leg., 1♀ ( NHMUK); Southwest Region, Korup, 1981, D. Jackson leg., 1♀ ( NHMUK). CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Nana-Mambéré Pref., 60 km W Bouar, 05°45’N 15°13’E, 660 m, 23.III.2010, J. Halada leg., 1♂ ( OLL); Sangha-Mbaéré Pref., Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Mabéa Bai, 21.4 km 53° NE Bayanga, 3°02.01’N 16°24.57’E, 510 m, 7–8.V.2001, MT, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing, S. van Noort leg., 1♀, 4♂♂ ( SAMC); Sangha-Mbaéré Pref., Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, 38.6 km 173° S Lidjombo, 2°21.60’N 16°03.20’E, 350 m, 22.V.2001, sweep, lowland rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 1♀, 12♂♂ ( SAMC); Sangha-Mbaéré Pref., Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Mabéa Bai, 21.4 km 53° NE Bayanga, 3°02.01’N 16°24.57’E, 510 m, 6.V.2001, sweep, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing, CAR 01-S48, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); Sangha-Mbaéré Pref., Reserve Speciale de Forêt Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7 km 326° NW Bayanga, 3°00.27’N 16°11.55’E, 420 m, 13.V.2001, sweep, lowland rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 1♀, 8♂♂ ( SAMC). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: Haut- Katanga, Lubumbashi (= Elisabethville) ( RMNH, MRAC); Haut-Uele, Wamba Territory, Kikongo Mission, 04°15’S 17°10’E, VII.2008, MT, T. Chapman leg., 1♂ ( UCDC); same locality label, 6 –17.IV.2006, MT, S.L. Heydon & S.E. Stevenson leg., 1♂ ( UCDC); same locality label, 23.IV.2006, MT along forest edge, 1♂ ( UCDC); North Kivu, Rut- shuru ( MRAC); North Kivu, Munagana (=Mdagana)-Tsheugelero ( MRAC); North Kivu, Ngesho ( MRAC); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), N’Dalage ( MRAC); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Magera Lake ( MRAC); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Hoyo, Yolohafiri Cave ( MRAC); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Hoyo ( MRAC, AMNH); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), aff. Talia Nord, Secteur Tshiaberimu, Riv. Kalivina ( MRAC); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), aff. dr. Talia Nord, Secteur Tshiaberimu, Riv. Musabaki ( MRAC, AMNH); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Secteur Tshiaberimu, Kirungu ( MRAC); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Secteur Tshiaberimu, Mt. Musimba ( MRAC); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Secteur Tshiaberimu, Hintumo ( MRAC); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Kalonge, Aff. Butahu, Riv. Kamahoro ( MRAC, AMNH); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Kalonge, Aff. Butahu, Riv. Kamusonge ( MRAC, AMNH); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Kalonge, Aff. Butahu, Riv. Nyamwamba ( MRAC, AMNH); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Kalonge, Kiondo ya Kwanza ( MRAC); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Aff. Bombi, Riv. Kakalari ( MRAC); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Kalonge, Kikyo ( MRAC); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Mt. Kyanyamu, Riv. Lusilube ( MRAC); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Bitashimva, Mt. Sesero ( MRAC); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Kyandolire, Bomboka ( MRAC); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Kyandolire, Mt. Ibale ( MRAC); further localities listed in Benoit (1951c); Haut-Uele (= Haut- Zaire) Prov., Garamba National Park ( MRAC, AMNH). GABON: Ogoové-Maritime Prov., Doudou Mts. Reserve, 24.3 km 307° NW Doussala, 02°13.35’S 10°24.35’E, 370 m, 7.III.2000, sweep, GA00-S49, Coastal Lowland Rainforest, under-growth, low canopy in forest, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 9.III.2000, 1♂ ( SAMC). GHANA: Ashanti, Kumasi, Campus of the University of Science and Technology ( RNHL). IVORY COAST: Marahoué Region, 8 km NW of Bouaflé, Klébo ( DEUW); Marahoué Region, 5 km E of Bouaflé, Congo Aboisso ( DEUW); Marahoué Region, Congo Aboisso, 05°40’W 07°N, 18.III.1981 ( CNC). KENYA: Coast Prov., Taita Hills, Vuria Forest, 3.41428°S 38.29178°E, 2162 m, 11–25.I.2012, MT, just inside indigenous forest, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK); Coast Prov., Taita Hills, Chawia Forest, 3.47901°S 38.34134°E, 1617 m, 21–25.VIII.2012, MT, next to fallen tree, R. Copeland leg., 1♂ ( NMK); Coast Prov., Funzi Island, 4.57776°S 39.43825°E, near sea level, 4– 10.VII.2012, MT, near Funzi workshop, ICIPE/NMK Funzi Island Expedition, 2♀♀ ( NMK); same locality label, 24–28.VII.2012, MT, mixed grass-woodland, R. Copeland leg., 3♀♀ ( NMK); Coast Prov., Kasigau Mtn., 3.82700°S 38.64875°E, 1065 m, 5–19.X.2011, MT, indigenous forest, next to campsite in forest, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK); Coast Prov., Taita Hills, Ngangao Forest, 3.36100°S 38.34186°E, 1848 m, 18.IX–2.X.2011, MT, indigenous forest, R. Copeland leg., 1♂ ( NMK); Eastern Prov., Nyambene Hills, Itieni Forest, at bottom, 0.24433°N 37.87016°E, 2142 m, 7–21.VIII.2011, MT, edge of indigenous forest, near forest station, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK); same locality label, 18.IX–2.X.2011, 1♀ ( NMK); same locality label, 26.VI–10.VII.2011, 1♂ ( NMK); same locality la- bel, 24.VII–7.VIII.2011, 1♀ ( NMK); Eastern Prov., Kasaala area, 2.07846°S 38.22530°E, 740 m, 28.XI–4.XII.2013, MT, just inside isolated woodland patch, J. Bukhebi leg., 1♂, 1♀ ( NMK); Nairobi Prov., ICIPE Campus, Kasarani, 1.22338°S 36.89655°E, 1604 m, 24.II–3.III.2014, MT, near stream, meadow in degraded shrub-/grassland, R. Copeland leg., 1♂ ( NMK); Nyanza Prov., near Victoria Lake, 15 mls. NE of Kisumu, XI.1979, M.D. Croft leg., 1♀ ( NHMUK); Nyanza Prov., Ruma National Park, 00°39.121’S 34°19.417’E, 1250 m, 26.VII.2008, sweep, savanna woodland, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); Rift Valley Prov., Molo, Turi, 25.X.1998,A. Polaszek leg., 1♂ ( NHMUK); Rift Valley Prov., Saiwa Swamp National Park, near campsite, 1.09417°N 35.11833°E, 1882 m, 26.II–12.III.2006, MT, next to permanent upland swamp, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK); Rift Valley Prov., Mt. Elgon National Park, top of Endebess Bluff, 1.06117°N 34.75383°E, 2630 m, 16–30.I.2006, MT, forest edge near small stream, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK); Rift Valley Prov., Olorgesailie National Monument, 1.57930°S 36.44566°E, 982 m, 27.XI– 11.XII.2011, MT, Acacia-Commiphora savana, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK); Rift Valley Prov., Oloitokitok, 2.94456°S 37.50714°E, 1853 m, 19.VIII–2.IX.2011, MT, edge of indigenous forest, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK); same locality label, 22.VII–5.VIII.2011, 3♀♀ ( NMK); same locality label, 9–23.XII.2011, 1♀ ( NMK); same local- ity label, 5–19.VIII.2011, 1♀ ( MOLC); same locality label, 14–28.X.2011, 1♀ ( NMK); same locality label, 28.X– 11.XI.2011, 1♀ ( NMK); Western Prov., Kakamega District, Kakamega Forest, Kisere Forest Reserve, 00°23.73’N 34°53.165’E, 5400 feet, XI.2001, Manfred Kraemer & Co., 3♂♂, 3♀♀ ( MTC); Western Prov., Kakamega District, Kakamega Forest, Kisere Forest, Calebs Campground, 00°22.175’N 34°53.297’E, 1580 m, Manfred Kraemer leg., ex Michael von Tschirnhaus collection, 1♀ ( MTC); Western Prov., Kakamega Forest, 00°14.13’N 34°51.87’E, 4.III.1999, R. Wharton leg., 1♂ ( TAMU); Western Prov., Kakamega District, Kakamega Forest ( USUC); Western Prov., Kakamega District, Isecheno Nature Reserve, Isecheno, 00°24’N 34°87’E, 1800 m, MT, R.R. Snelling leg., 1♂, 2♀♀ ( UCR, MOLC); Western Prov., 27 mi. NE of Kisumu, Kaimosi Mission, 1650 m ( CAS). MADAGAS- CAR: Antananarivo, La Mandraka ( MRAC, AMNH); Antsiranana, Montagne d’Ambre National Park, 12°30.52’S 49°10.53’E, 960 m, 26–29.I.2001, MT, M.E. Irwin, Schlinger E.I. Harin’Hala R. leg. ( CAS); same locality label, 19.III–6.IV.2001, MT, R. Harin’Hala leg., MA-01-01A-09, 2♀♀ ( CAS); Antsiranana, Marojejy National Park, Manantenina river, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina, 14°26.12’S 49°46.30’E, 450 m, 12–25.XI.2003, MT, rainforest, B.L. Fisher et al. leg., BLF8723, 1♂, 1♀ ( CAS), 1♀ ( MOLC); Fianarantsoa, Rano- mafana National Park, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21°15.99’S 47°25.21’E, 1020 m, 15–22.XI.2001, MT, secondary tropical forest, R. Harin’Hala leg., 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 19–26.II.2002, 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 23.VI–4.VII.2002, MA-02-09C-33, 1♂, 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 10–21.III.2003, MA-02-09C-56, 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 2–10.I.2002, MA-02-09C-10, 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 14–21.I.2002, MA-02-09C-12, 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 8–15.XI.2001, MA-02-09C-02, 1♂ ( CAS); same locality label, 12–19.II.2002, MA- 02-09C-16, 1♂, 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 21.III–12.IV.2003, MA-02-09C-57, 2♀♀ ( CAS); same locality la- bel, 16.X–8.XI.2001, MA-02-09C-01, 1♀ ( CAS); Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana National Park, Vohiparara, at broken bridge, 21°13.57’S 47°22.19’E, 1110 m, 4–12.II.2002, MT in high altitude rainforest, R. Harin’Hala leg., 1♀, 1♂ ( CAS); Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana National Park, Vohiparara, 21°13.67’S 47°22.19’E, at broken bridge, 1110 m, 25.VII–3.VIII.2002, MT, high altitude rainforest, R. Harin’Hala leg., MA-02-08A-36, 1♂ ( CAS); Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana National Park, radio tower at forest edge, 21°15.05’S 47°24.43’E, 1130 m, 9–16.IV.2002, MT, mixed tropical forest, R. Harin’Hala leg., MA-02-09B-24, 1♂ ( CAS); same locality label, 12–19.II.2002, MA-02-09B-16, 1♂, 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 18–29.VI.2003, MA-02-09B-64, 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 22–28.XI.2001, MA-02-09B-04, 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 20.III–3.IV.2003, MA-02-09B-56, 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 27.IV–7.V.2003, MA-02-09B-59, 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 7–17.V.2003, MA-02-09B-60, 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 18–27.II.2003, MA-02-09B-53, 1♀ ( CAS); Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 Km S Ambositra, 20°47.56’S 47°10.54’E, 825 m, 8–17.III.2007, MT, low altitude rainforest, M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala leg., MA-29- 81, 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 16–27.VIII.2005, MA-29-24, 1♀ ( CAS); Mahajanga, Bemarivo Special Re- serve, 23.8 km 223° SW Besalampy, 16°55.30’S 44°22.06’E, 19–23.XI.2002, 30 m, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), in tropical dry forest, Fisher, Griswold et al. leg., 1♂ ( CAS); Toamasina, Perinet ( AMNH); Toamasina, An- dasibe National Park, 18°55.58’S 48°24.47’E, botanic garden near entrance to park, 1025 m, 16–24.X.2001, MT, tropical forest, R. Harin’Hala leg., 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 1–7.XI.2001, 1♀ ( CAS); Toamasina, Ankerana, 18°24.23’S 48°48.09’E, 1108 m, 19–24.I.2012, MT, montane forest, B.L. Fisher et al. leg., BLF27860, 1♂ ( CAS); Toliara, Bekily ( MNHN); Toliara, Tsimanampetsotsa Nat. Park, Bemanateza Forest, 20.7 km 81°E Efoetse, 23 Km 131° SE Beheloka, 23°59.32’S 43°52.50’E, 90 m, 22–26.III.2002, MT, in spiny forest thicket, Fisher, Griswold et al. leg., 1♂ ( CAS); Toliara, Andohahela National Park, Tsimelahy, parcelle II, 24°56.21’S 46°37.60’E, 180 m, 30.XI–11.XII.2003, MT in transitional forest, M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala leg., MA- 02-20-47, 1♂ ( MOLC); Toliara, Manombo, 22°48.25’S 43°45.46’E, 218 m, 23–28.IV.2004, MT in gallery forest, Frontier Wilderness Project, MGF098, 1♀ ( CAS). MOZAMBIQUE: Niassa Prov., Cuamba, Farm of the Catholic University of Mozambique,reared from unidentified leafhopper, parasitized host collected 18.II.2005, dryinid cocooning 20.II.2005, dryinid adult emergence 8.III.2005, 1♀ ( MOLC); same locality label, 17.IV–2.VI.2006, MT, M. Olmi leg., 1♀ ( MOLC). NIGERIA: Osun, Ile-Ife, 2♂♂ ( NHMUK, AMNH). NORTH SUDAN (= REPUBLIC OF THE SUDAN): Al Jazirah, Wad Medani, 18.XI.1949, 19.XI.1949, 22.XI.1949, G. Morcos leg., reared from Austroasca lybica , 4♀ # ( BMMH). RWANDA: Kirii Springs, Ruhengeri ( MRAC). SENEGAL: Ziguinchor Region, 1 km NE of Djibelor, 7.5 km SW of Ziguinchor ( ZIL). SOMALIA: Cotene, 1930, G. Russo leg., reared from Empoasca facialis (Jacobi) , 2♂♂ ( NHMUK). SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape, Nature’s Valley, at Groot River, 33°58’S 23°33’E ( MZLU); Eastern Cape, 25 km N Jansenville, 32°49’S 24°44’E, 600 m, 4.I.2010, J. Halada leg., 1♀ ( OLL); Eastern Cape, Marais Hoop Farm, 25.6 km 254° W Kirkwood, 33°32.635’S 25°13.678’E, 14–16.II.2001, MT, VB01-R4N- M52, Valley Bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( SAMC); Eastern Cape, Blauwe Krans Farm, 12.8 km 216° SW Kirkwood, 33°30.747’S 25°24.644’E, 7–9.II.2001, MT, Valley Bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); Eastern Cape, Mannetjie Farm (31.9 km 262°W Kirkwood), 33°32.724’S 25°08.795’E, 12-14.II.2001, MT, VB01-R3N, M42, Valley Bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 1 ♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 14– 16.II.2001, M50, 2♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 8–10.II.2001, M12, 4♂♂, 1♀ ( SAMC); Eastern Cape, Marais Hoop Farm (25.6 km 254° W Kirkwood), 33°32.635’S 25°13.678’E, 14–16.II.2001, MT, VB01-R4N-M52, Valley Bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 1♀, 5♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 12–14.II.2001, 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 8–10.II.2001, M14, 2♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 10–12.II.2001, M26, 5♂♂, 1♀ ( SAMC); Eastern Cape, Schilpad Laagte Farm (15.4 km 226° W Kirkwood), 33°31.653’S 25°22.620’E, 7–9.II.2001, MT, Valley Bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 4♂♂ ( SAMC); Eastern Cape, Asante Sana Game Reserve, 32°14.990’S 24°55.962’E, 2183 m, 29.X.2009 – 23.II.2010, MT, Karoo Escarpment Grassland, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( SAMC); Eastern Cape, Februarie Farm (39.9 km 268° W Kirkwood), 33°32.813’S 25°03.091’E, 8.II.2001, sweep, valley bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 1♂, 1♀ ( SAMC); Eastern Cape, Februarie Farm (40.2 km 267° W Kirkwood), 33°33.124’S 25°03.043’E, 10–17.II.2001, valley bushveld (non-trashed), H.G. Robertson & R. Tourle leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, Winkler, valley bushveld (goat trashed), 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 10.II.2001, sweep, S. van Noort leg., 3♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 10–12.II.2001, MT, VB01-R1N-M22, Val- ley bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 18m ♂ # ( SAMC); same locality label, 14–16.II.2001, M54, 16♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 12–14.II.2001, M36, 14♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 8–10.II.2001, M08, 10♂♂ ( SAMC); Eastern Cape, Blauwe Krans Farm (12.8 km 216° SW Kirkwood), 33°30.747’S 25°24.644’E, 7–9.II.2001, MT, Valley Bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 9–11.II.2001, 1♂ ( SAMC); Eastern Cape, Winterberg, The Hoek Farm, 32°21.260’S 26°23.001’E, 1879 m, 6.X.2010 – 18.I.2011, MT, Amathole Mistbelt Grassland, S. van Noort leg., WTB09-GRA1-M05, 1♀ ( SAMC); KwaZulu-Natal, Drakensberg, Cathedral Peak area, Tryme Hill, 1540 m, on Protea caffra , plot No 1, 30.VI.1989, Pajor István leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); KwaZulu- Natal, Drakensberg, Cathedral Peak area, Tarn Hill, 1570 m, on Protea caffra , plot No 2, 8.V.1989, Pajor István leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); KwaZulu-Natal, Giant’s Castle Game Reserve ( FSCA); KwaZulu-Natal, Umlalazi Nature Reserve, 1.5 km E of Mtunzini ( PMA); KwaZulu-Natal, 75 km SW of Estcourt, Cathedral Peaks Forest Station ( CNC); Kwa- Zulu-Natal, South Drakensberg, Sani Pass, 29°37’S 29°23’E, 2–5.III.2004, MT, Kolyada & Mostovski leg., 1♀ ( NMSA); KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Ferncliff Nature Reserve, 29°33.2’S 30°20.6’E, 850 m, 6–8.IV.2005, YPT,V.Kolyada leg., 4♀♀ ( NMSA); KwaZulu-Natal,Pietermaritzburg,Hilton, 27.IX–13.X.2003, 28.X–12.XI.2003, 15–26.I.2004, MT, M. Mostovski leg., 1♂, 3♀♀ ( NMSA); KwaZulu-Natal, Ramsgate, Butterfly Sanctuary, 30°53.3’S 30°20.4’E, nr. stream, 9.I–2.II.2005, 27.II–19.III.2005, 20.III–25.IV.2005, M. Mostovski leg., 2♀♀, 3♂♂ ( NMSA); KwaZulu-Natal, Royal Natal National Park, Gudu Forest, 28°40.90’S 28°55.78’’E, 1680–1730 m, 18.XI.2006 – 27.II.2007, MT, M. Mostovski leg., 1♂ ( NMSA); same locality label, 22.IX–17.XI.2006, 1♂ ( NMSA); KwaZulu-Natal, Eshowe, near Ntumeni Nature Reserve, 28°52.08’S 31°22.41’E, 680 m, 23.II–20.IV.2007, MT, Kolyada & Mostovski leg., 1♂ ( NMSA); KwaZulu-Natal, Winterskloof, 29°34.56’S 30°17.40’E, 1085 m, 20.IV– 1.IX.2007. MT, M. Mostovski leg., 1♀, 3♂♂ ( NMSA); KwaZulu-Natal, Vernon Crookes Nat. Reserve, 250 m, 30°17.4’S 30°36.9’E, 24.I–10.V.2006, MTr, M. Mostovski leg., 1♀ ( NMSA); KwaZulu-Natal, Cathedral Peak Nat. Reserve, Rainbow Gorge, 28°57.60’S 29°13.61’E, 1480 m, 18.XI.2006 – 26.II.2007, MT, M. Mostovski leg., 1♀, 2♂♂ ( NMSA); Mpumalanga, Graskop, 1500 m ( PMA); Western Cape, Matjesfontein, 7–13.XI.1928, R. E. Turner leg., 1♂ ( NHMUK); same locality label, further specimen ( AMNH); Western Cape, De Hoop Nature Reserve, 34°27’S 20°25’E, 0–200 m ( ZIL); Western Cape, Mossel Bay, V.1921, VIII.1921, R. E. Turner leg., 2♀♀ ( NHMUK); Western Cape, Hermanus, Fernkloof Nature Reserve, Mosselberg, 60 m, 12.III.1995, MT, Mesic Mountain Fynbos, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 16.VI–22.VII.1995, 1♀, 1♂ ( SAMC); Western Cape, Cape Town, Tokai State Forest, Constantiaberge, above Donkerboskloof, 34°02’S 18°23.5’E, 460 m, 27.VIII–5.IX.1993, MT, Mountain Fynbos on Sandstone, near stream, bracken present, S. van Noort leg., 2♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 1.VI.1995, Mesic Mountain Fynbos, near stream, sweep, 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 10.V–1.VI.1995, Mesic Mountain Fynbos, P. coronata dominated, MT, site 2, 1♂ ( SAMC); Western Cape, Walker Bay Nature Re- serve, 34°27.41’S 19°21.39’E, 4.X–1.XI.1997, YPT, S. van Noort & B. Fisher leg., 1♀, 2♂♂ ( SAMC); same local- ity label, 11.VIII–6.IX.1997, S. van Noort leg., 39♂♂, 7♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 9.VIII–6.IX.1997, S. van Noort leg., 1♀, 7♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, IX–XII.1997, MT, S. van Noort leg., 9♀♀, 17♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 17–31.V.1997, MT, S. van Noort leg., 26♀♀, 73♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 17.V– 14.VI.1997, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 6.IX–4.X.1997, MT, S. van Noort leg., 1♀, 5♂♂ ( CAS); Western Cape, Walker Bay Nature Reserve, 34°27.414’’S 19°21.393’E, 28.XII.1997 – 21.III.1998, MT, South Coast Strandveld, 57 m, S. van Noort leg., 7♂♂, 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 21.II.1998, sweep, 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 29.XI.1997, sweep, 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 4.X.1997, sweep, 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 16.V.1998, sweep, 2♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 14.VI.1997, sweep, 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 14.VI.1997, sweep, 2♂♂, 2♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 18.IV–16.V.1998, 6♂♂, 2♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 21.II–21.III.1998, 5♂♂, 2♀♀ ( SAMC); Western Cape, Cape Peninsula Nature Reserve, Cape Good Hope, 34°14’S 18°23’E, pitfall trap, 27.II–21.III.1999, E. Parker leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); Western Cape, Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve, Booi se Skerm, 34°18.27’S 18°27.64’E, 24.II.1998, sweep, strandveld, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); Western Cape, Tsitsikamma Coastal National Park, 34°02’S 23°53’E, XI–XII.1995, MT, M. Söderlund leg., 2♂♂ ( MZLU); Western Cape, West Coast Fossil Park, 32°57’817’’S 18°06’837’’E (4 km 280° E Langebaanweg), 16–23.X.2002, MT, rehabilitated mine dump, S. van Noort leg., 3♂♂, 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 18–25.IX.2002, 19♂♂, 4♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 2–9.X.2002, 25♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 9–16.X.2002, 1♀, 30♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 11–18.IX.2002, 35♂♂, 11♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 23–30.X.2002, 3♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 4–11.IX.2002, 22♂♂, 8♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 25.IX– 2.X.2002, 21♂♂, 4♀♀ ( SAMC); Western Cape, West Coast Fossil Park, 32°58’098’’S 18°07’244’’E (3 km 280° W Langebaanweg), 11–18.IX.2002, MT, rehabilitated mine dump, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( SAMC); Western Cape, West Coast Fossil Park, 32°58’020’’S 18°07’285’’E (3 km 280° W Langebaanweg), 23–30.X.2002, MT, rehabilitated mine dump, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 16–23.X.2002, 1♀ ( SAMC); Western Cape, West Coast Fossil Park, 32°57’512’’S 18°06’728’’E (4 km 290° E Langebaanweg), 2–9.X.2002, MT, rehabilitated mine dump, S. van Noort leg., 1♂, 2♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 23–30.X.2002, 1♂, 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 9–16.X.2002, 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 12–19.XI.2003, 1♂, 2♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 6– 13.XI.2002, LW02-R7-M140, 1♂ ( SAMC); Western Cape, West Coast Fossil Park, 32°57’402’’S 18°05’438’’E (5.5 km 290° W Langebaanweg), 11–18.IX.2002, MT, rehabilitated mine dump, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); Western Cape, West Coast Fossil Park, 32°58’156’’S 18°05’878’’E (5.5 km 270° W Langebaanweg), 16–23.X.2002, MT, rehabilitated mine dump, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); Western Cape, West Coast Fossil Park, 32°58’444’’S 18°06’731’’E (4 km 270° W Langebaanweg), 11–18.IX.2002, MT, fynbos dominated by Lebeckia, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); Western Cape, West Coast Fossil Park, 32°58.483’S 18°06.884’E (4 km 270° W Langebaanweg), 11–18.IX.2002, MT, fynbos on Lymestone, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); Western Cape, Langberg Farm, 32°58’461’’S 18°07’344’’E (3 km 270° E Langebaanweg), 27.XI–4.XII.2002, MT, sand plain fynbos, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 25.IX–2.X.2002, 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 2–9.IV.2003, 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 11–18.IX.2002, 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 29.I–5.II.2003, 1♀ ( SAMC); Western Cape, Langberg Farm (3 km 280° W Langebaanweg), 32°58.045’S 18°07.418’E, 2–9.X.2002, MT, Sand Plain Fynbos, S. van Noort leg., 2♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 9–16.X.2002, 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 11–18.IX.2002, 1♀ ( SAMC); Western Cape, Anyskop Farm, 5.5 km 290° W Langebaanweg, 32°57.394’S 18°05.324’E, 25.IX– 2.X.2002, MT, Sand Plain Fynbos, S. van Noort leg., 2♂♂ ( SAMC); Western Cape, Fynbos Estate, Dragonridge, 33°34.092’S 18°47.680’E, 635 m, 2.IV–30.VII.2010, MT, Boland Granite Fynbos, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 28.IX–28.XII.2010, DRA09-FYN1-M05, 1♂ ( SAMC); Western Cape, Gamkaberg Nature Re- serve, 33°43.745’S 21°56.972’E, 1000 m, 21.III–23.V.2009, MT, Renosterveld, S. van Noort leg., 2♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 19.IX–4.XI.2009, 1♂, 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 19.II–30.III.2010, YPT, GB09- REN 1- Y47, 7♂♂, 2♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 4.XI.2009 – 19.II.2010, MT, GB09- REN 1-M29, 12♂♂, 14♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, MT, 30.III–24.VII.2010, GB09- REN 1-M39, 41♂♂, 16♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 23.V–31.VII.2009, 2♂♂, 3♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 19.II–30.III.2010, GB09- REN 1-M33, 15♂♂, 4♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 24.VII–1.X.2010, YPT, GB09- REN 1-Y65, 16♂♂, 7♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 24.VII–4.X.2010, MT, GB09- REN 1-M45, 15♂♂, 7♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, YPT, 4.X.2010 – 25.I.2011, GB09- REN 1-Y65, 16♂♂, 2♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, MT, 4.X.2010 – 25.I.2011, GB09- REN 1- M51, 17♂♂, 3♀♀ ( SAMC); Western Cape, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°44.090’S 21°55.654’E, 997 m, 30.III– 24.VII.2010, YPT, Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 30.X.2010 – 25.I.2011, MT, GB09-FYN2-M53, 1♂ ( MOLC); same locality label, 24.VII–4.X.2010, GB09-FYN2- Y69, 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 24.VII–4.X.2010, MT, GB09-FYN2-M47, 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 4.X.2010 – 25.I.2011, GB09-FYN2-Y77, 1♀ ( SAMC); Western Cape, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 30.III–24.VII.2010, MT, Gamka Thicket, S. van Noort leg., GB09-SUC4-M38, 1♂ ( SAMC); Western Cape, Kogelberg Nature Researve, 34°16.481’S 19°01.033’E, 16.V–16.VI.1999, MT, Mesic Mountain Fynbos, last burnt c. 1978, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 16.III–16.IV.1999, 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 16.II–16.III.1999, 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 16.XI–16.XII.1998, 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 16.I–16.II.1999, 2♀♀, 1♂ ( SAMC); Western Cape, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37’622’’S 18°24’259’’E, 20.III–17.IV.1998, MT, West Coast Strandeveld, S. van Noort leg., 1♀, 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 13.VI–11.VII.1997, 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 5.IX–3.X.1997, 1♂, 2♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 8.VIII–5.IX.1997, 3♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 3–31.X.1997, 3♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 28.XI– 27.XII.1997, 10♂♂, 3♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 23.I–20.II.1998, 2♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 31.X– 28.XI.1997, 3♀♀, 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 11.VII–8.VIII.1997, 2♂♂, 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 27.XII.1997 – 23.I.1998, 11♂♂, 5♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 17.IV–15.V.1998, 3♀♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 20.III–17.IV.1998, 3♀♀, 2♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 20.II–20.III.1998, 4♀♀, 3♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 16.V–13.VI.1997, 3♂♂, 4♀♀ ( SAMC). TANZANIA: Arusha Region, Arusha ( HNHM); Tanga Re- gion, West Usambara Mountains, near Lushoto, 1850 m, 04°44.00’S 38°16.06’E, 30.IV.1996, sweep, mk41, margins & undergrowth, Wet Montane Forest, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( SAMC); Tanga Region, Mkomazi Game Reserve, Kikolo Plot, 04°06.72’S 38°01.37’E, 2.V.1996, Sweep, mk43, Cordia , Solanum shrubs & grasses in Commiphora woodland, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); Tanga Region, Mkomazi Game Reserve, Ibaya Camp, NW side, 03°57.91’S 37°48.09’E, 28.XI.1995, Sweep, mk9, Acacia / Commiphora / Combretum bushland, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC). TOGO: Plateaux Region, Zogbégan, 07°34.50’N 00°40.03’E, 650 m, 20–25.IV.2008, M. von Tschirn- haus leg., 1♂ ( MTC). UGANDA: Western Region, Kabarole District, Kibale Forest, Kanywara ( RNHL); Western Region, Kabarole District, Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, 0°34.405’N 30°21.646’E, 1484 m, 12–26.VIII.2008, MT, primary mid-altitude rainforest, near stream, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 00°33.891’N 30°21.468’E, 1506 m, 12–26.VIII.2008, 1♀, 5♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 00°35.442’N 30°21.741’E, 1465 m, 10.VIII.2008, sweep, primary mid-altitude rainforest, near stream, S. van Noort leg., 7♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 0°33.871’S 30°21.355’E, 1495 m, 12–26.VIII.2008, MT, secondary mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 2♂♂, 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 0°33.408’S 30°22.603’E, 1587 m, MT, degraded mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 3♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 2–12.VIII.2008, 0°33.784’S 30°22.617’E, 1500 m, MT, primary mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 1♀, 11♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 12–26.VIII.2008, 0°33.823’S 30°21.490’E, 1505 m, MT, primary mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 2♀♀, 2♂♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 2–12.VIII.2008, 0°33.836’S 30°21.700’E, 1523 m, MT, primary mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 2♀♀, 3♂♂ ( SAMC); Western Region, Kasese Dis- trict, Ruwenzori Range, Misigo, 8550 ft., 2–3.VIII.1952, D.S. Fletcher leg., 3♂♂ ( NHMUK, BPBM). ZIMBA- BWE: Harare (=Salisbury), Chishawasha, VI.1978, A. Watsham leg., 1♂ ( NHMUK); Harare, Saint Ignatius, V.1990, MT, A. Watsham leg., 1♀ ( PMA). YEMEN: Sana’a, I.1993, MT, A. van Harten leg., 1♂ ( MOLC); same locality label, 2.III.1998, MT, 3♀♀ ( MOLC); same locality label, X.1998, pitfall-trap, 1♀ ( MOLC); Ta’izz, X.1999, light trap, A. van Harten & A. Awad leg., 1♀ ( MOLC); same locality label, V–VI.2000, A. van Harten & A.R. Al Yarimi leg., 1♀ ( MOLC); same locality label, VI.2002, A. van Harten & A.R. Al Yarimi leg., 1♀ ( MOLC); Lahj, III.2001, MT, A. van Harten & A. Sallam leg. ( MOLC); Al-Kowd, 1–5.IX.2001, I–III.2003, light trap, A. van Harten & S. Al Haruri leg., 2♂♂ ( MOLC); Al Kadan, I.2003, light trap, A. van Harten & T. Abdul Haq leg., 2♂♂ ( MOLC); W Ye- men, 20 Km NW Dhawran, 14°40’N 44°13’E, 1800 m, 29.X.2005, J. Halada leg., 1♀ ( OLL).

Hosts. Typhlocybinae (Cicadellidae) ( Guglielmino et al. 2013): in North Sudan: Jacobiasca lybica (Bergevin & Zanon) ; in Somalia: Jacobiella facialis (Jacobi) .

Distribution. Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nigeria, North Sudan, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Yemen, Zimbabwe.

Figures

FIGURE 13. A–F: ♂ genitalia (right half removed). A: Aphelopus mostovskii Olmi, holotype. B: Aphelopus sequeirai Olmi, Copeland & Guglielmino, sp. nov., holotype. C: Aphelopus severancei Olmi, Copeland & Guglielmino, holotype. D: Aphelopus testaceus Olmi, holotype. E: Aphelopus vernonensis Olmi, holotype. F: Aphelopus wittei Benoit, from Yemen, Sana’a. G: 2r-rs&Rs vein of Aphelopus vernonensis Olmi ♂ from Madagascar. Scale bar: A: 0.08 mm; B: 0.10 mm; C, E, F: 0.09 mm; D: 0.07 mm; G: 0.12 mm.

FIGURE 15. A: Aphelopus sp. ♀ in lateral view (length 1.9 mm). B: Aphelopus sp. ♂ in dorsal view (length 2.2 mm). C: Aph- elopus testaceus Olmi ♂ from Yemen, Ta’izz. D: Aphelopus wittei Benoit ♀ from Yemen, Sana’a. E: head of Aphelopus wittei Benoit ♀ from Yemen, Sana’a. Scale bar: A: 1.16 mm; B: 1.72 mm; C: 1.6 mm; D: 1.8 mm; E: 0.9 mm.

FIGURE 17. Aphelopus severancei Olmi, Copeland & Guglielmino, ♂ holotype in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view. Aphelopus testaceus Olmi, ♂ from Tanzania, 04°06.72’S 38°01.37’E: head + part of mesosoma in dorsal view (C); habitus in lateral view (D). Aphelopus wittei Benoit: ♂ from Uganda, 00°33.891’N 30°21.468’E, in lateral view (E); ♀ from South Africa, 33°36.622’S 18°24.259’E, in lateral view (F).