Gonatopus incognitus Olmi, 1984

Olmi, Massimo, Copeland, Robert S. & Noort, Simon Van, 2019, Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 4630 (1), pp. 1-619 : 507-508

83. Gonatopus incognitus Olmi, 1984

( Figs 215D, E , 220B, C , 224B, C , 225B, C , 229F )

Gonatopus incognitus Olmi 1984: 1613 ; 1994a: 73; 1994c: 11; Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 223; Olmi & van Harten 2000: 265; Olmi 2004a: 368; 2006: 49; Guglielmino & Olmi 2006: 47; Olmi 2009b: 460; Azevedo et al. 2010: 896; Olmi et al. 2016: 81 .

Description. ♀ ( Figs 224B, C ). Apterous; body length 2.0– 3.5 mm; usually 2.0– 2.5 mm; 3.5 mm in specimen from South Africa, Blue Mountain Ranch Bed & Breakfast). Head brown-black, except mandible, clypeus and malar space yellow; antenna brown, except antennomeres 1–3 yellow; mesosoma and metasoma black; legs yellowbrown, except coxae, clubs of femora and tibiae brownish. Antenna clavate; antennomeres of holotype in following proportions: 6:4.5:8.5:5:5:5:4:4:4:6. Antennomeres of specimen from South Africa, Blue Mountain Ranch Bed & Breakfast, in following proportions: 7:5:13:7:6:6:6:6:5:7. Head ( Fig. 229F ) very excavated, shiny, unsculptured, except frons and occiput granulate. Head of specimen from South Africa, Blue Mountain Ranch Bed & Breakfast, with POL = 2; OL = 3; OOL = 7.5. Palpal formula 4/2. Pronotum crossed by strong transverse impression, shiny, granulate, bare. Mesoscutum dull, with some longitudinal keels. Metanotum transversely striate. Metapectal-propodeal disc dull, granulate, often with slight longitudinal striae; propodeal declivity transversely striate. Meso- and metapleuron transversely striate. Occasionally top of metapectal-propodeal disc with track of median longitudinal furrow. Meso-metapleural suture obsolete; rarely track of meso-metapleural suture slightly visible. Protarsomeres of specimen from South Africa, Blue Mountain Ranch Bed & Breakfast, in following proportions: 13.5:3:4:15:21. Enlarged claw ( Figs 215D, E ) with one small subapical tooth and 5–6 peg-like setae. Protarsomere 5 ( Fig. 215D ) with inner side proximally serrate and one row of 15–19 lamellae; apex with 7–9 lamellae (in specimen from South Africa, Blue Mountain Ranch Bed & Breakfast, apex with 20 lamellae ( Fig. 215E )). Tibial spurs 1/0/1.

♂ ( Figs 225B, C ). Fully winged; body length 1.3–1.8 mm. Head brown, except mandible testaceous; antenna brown; mesosoma and metasoma brown; legs brown. Antenna filiform; antennomeres in following proportions: 3:3.5:4:4:4:4:3.5:3.5:3.5:4.5; antennomere 3 less than 3 × as long as broad (2.75). Head shiny, setose, slightly granulate; frontal line absent; occipital carina absent; POL = 4; OL = 1.5; OOL = 2.5; greatest breadth of lateral ocelli about as long as OOL; vertex with two oval smooth and shiny areas situated between lateral ocelli and eyes (areas anteriorly surrounded by high carina). Palpal formula 4/2. Mesoscutum shiny, setose, slightly granulate. Notauli often absent; in specimens reared in Nigeria, IITA, notauli incomplete and reaching approximately 0.25–0.30 × length of mesoscutum; in specimens from Mozambique, Maputo, notauli incomplete and reaching approximately 0.5 × length of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum and metanotum shiny, setose, unsculptured. Metapectal-propodeal disc shiny, unsculptured, with median longitudinal furrow; in specimens reared in Nigeria, IITA, metapectal-propodeal disc sculptured by irregular striae and unsculptured among striae. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands, only with costal cell distinctly enclosed by pigmented veins (other basal cells enclosed by fading veins). Dorsal process of paramere ( Figs 220B, C ) long and narrow. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Material examined. Types: ♀ holotype: UGANDA: Kawanda, 7.VII.1943, T.H.C. Taylor leg. ( NHMUK). Paratypes: TANZANIA: Pongwe, 1935, ex egg laid parthenogenetically by following ♀, Kirkpatrick leg., 1♂ ( NHMUK); same locality label, 1♀ ( AMNH). Other material: BURKINA FASO: Saria, 1♀ ( AMNH). CAM- EROON: Maroua, Banks of Mayo Makabay River, 1♀ ( CIRAD). CAPE VERDE ISLANDS: Cape Verde Is- lands, 8♀♀ ( AMNH). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: Haut-Katanga, Lubumbashi, II.1989, ex Cicadulina ? mbila, M.S. Alam leg., Bosque-Perez CIE A20475, 1♀ ( NHMUK); Ituri Prov., Mongbwalu AGK camp, 01°56’32.81’’N 30°02’25.62’’E, 21-28.II.2015, 75 YPT, behind the former President Mobutu’s Doctor’s house, A. Gumovsky leg., 1♀ ( SIZK); Oriental Province, Ituri Region, Mongbwalu, AGK Camp, 01°56’34.12’’N 30°02’24.85’’E, nursery, just short weeds, 75 Yellow Pan Traps, 21–28.II.2015, A. Gumovsky leg., 1♀ ( SIZK). GAMBIA: Western Division, Kombo St Mary, Bakau, 1♀ ( KJHC); Western Division, Kombo St Mary, Jeswang, 1♀ ( KJHC). GUINEA-BISSAU: Região Bafatá, 5 km W of Bijine, 2.XI.1992, 1♀ ( ZIL); Região Gabú, 7 km NE of Gabú, 3.XI.1992, 1♀ ( ZIL). MADAGASCAR: Toliara, 12 km NW of Amboasary, Berenty, 1♀ ( AMNH). MOZAMBIQUE: Maputo Prov., Maputo, 2♀♀ ( AMNH, USNM); Maputo Prov., 26 km S of Maputo, Umbelúzi, 4♀♀ ( AMNH); Niassa, Cuamba, M. Olmi reared from Cicadellid, C. 8.XI.1999, B. 9.XI.1999, Sf. 27.XI.1999, 1♀ ( MOLC); same locality label, C. 8.XI.1999, B. 10.XI.1999, Sf. 28.XI.1999, 1♀ ( MOLC); same locality label, 8.XI.1999, sweeping, M. Olmi leg., 1♀ ( MOLC); Cuamba, Campus of the Catholic University of Mozambique, C. 6.III.2005, B. 7.III.2005, Sf. 24.III.2005, M. Olmi reared from Cicadellid, 1♀ ( MOLC). NIGERIA: Ibadan, In- ternational Institute of Tropical Agricolture ( IITA), IX.1989, ex Cicadulina triangula , 1♀, 1♂ ( AMNH). OMAN: Salalah, 1♀ ( PMA). REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: Pool, Kindamba, Kisanga, 4♀♀ ( AMNH). SIERRA LEONE: Makeni, 12°03’W 08°53’N, 28.XI.1993, 1♀ ( ZIL). SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape, 16 km E of Port Elizabeth, S. George’s Strand, 1♀ ( AMNH); Free State, Harrismith, 1♀ ( NHMUK); Free State, Sasolburg, Wonderwater Colliery, 26°45.37’S 27°48.31’E, 1450 m, 23.XI.1999, D-Vac, IS-18, entrance garden, translocated rehab., artificial marsh (IV.1993), game park simulation, dom. Aristida junciformis, M. Stiller leg., 1♀ ( SANC); Free State, NE Kroonstad, Heuningspruit, 27°26’S 27°22’E, 1400 m, 4.III.2002, DVac off grass, common: Eragrostis gummuflua (Poaceae) , and forbs, M. Stiller & J. du Plessis leg., 1♀ ( SANC); KwaZulu-Natal, St. Lucia Estuary, 25.I.1977, D.J. Brothers leg., 1♀ ( DJBC); KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Drakensberg, 4 km S of Cavern Berg Resort, along the road from R74 to Cavern Berg Resort, C. 9.IV.2007, B. 13.IV.2007, M. Olmi reared, 1♀ ( MOLC); Western Cape, Swellendam, Blue Mountain Ranch Bed & Breakfast, C. 29.I.2003, B. 6.II.2003, Sf. 5.II.2003, M. Olmi reared from Exitianus taeniaticeps (Kirschbaum) , 1♀ ( MOLC). YEMEN: Sana’a, III.1991, A. van Harten leg., 1♀ ( MOLC).

Hosts. Cicadellidae ( Guglielmino et al. 2013) : in Burkina Faso: Cicadulina similis China; in Democratic Republic of the Congo: Cicadulina mbila (Naudé) ; in Nigeria: Cicadulina storeyi China (= Cicadulina triangula Ruppel ); in South Africa: Exitianus taeniaticeps (Kirschbaum) ; in Tanzania: Cicadulina bipunctata (Melichar) (= Cicadulina zeae China).

Natural enemies. Hymenoptera Encyrtidae : in Mozambique: Cheiloneurus gonatopodis R. Perkins. This Encyrtid is one of the most common natural enemies of Dryinids in Mozambique (see also Echthrodelphax tauricus Ponomarenko , Gonatopus amoenus Olmi and Gonatopus mossambicus Olmi ). The reared specimens have the following locality labels: Mozambique, Maputo Prov., Maputo, municipal plant nursery, parasitized leafhopper collected on 10.X.1993; cocoon spun on 11.X.1993; encyrtids emergence on 27.X.1993. 3♂♂, 4♀♀.

Distribution. Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde Islands, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nigeria, Oman, Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen.

Remarks. The ♂ paratype of G. incognitus was obtained parthenogenetically by Mr. Kirkpatrick from an egg laid by the ♀ paratype in Tanzania; this means that in this species parthenogenesis is arrhenotokous.

Figures

FIGURE 215. Chelae of Gonatopus species. A: G. guigliae (Benoit): holotype. B: G. harinhalai Olmi, Copeland & van Noort sp. nov., holotype. C: G. hyalinus Olmi, holotype. D, E: G. incognitus Olmi: holotype (D); ♀ from South Africa, Blue Mountain Ranch Bed & Breakfast (E). Scale bar: A: 0.12 mm; B: 0.08 mm; C: 0.05 mm; D: 0.09 mm; E: 0.07 mm.

FIGURE 220. ♂ genitalia of Gonatopus species. A: G. guigliae (Benoit): ♂ from Mozambique, Catembe: dorsal process of paramere. B, C: G. incognitus Olmi: ♂s from Nigeria, Ibadan (B), and Tanzania, Pongwe (C). D: G. koebergensis Olmi, Cope- land & van Noort sp. nov.: ♂ paratype. E: G. okahandjae Olmi: ♂ from the Cape Verde Islands, São Jorge dos Orgãos. F: G. ridens Olmi: ♂ from South Africa, Blue Mountain Ranch Bed & Breakfast. Scale bar: A, C, F: 0.06 mm; B: 0.08 mm; D: 0.17 mm; E: 0.09 mm.

FIGURE 224. Habitus of Gonatopus species. A: G. guigliae (Benoit), ♀ holotype. B, C: G. incognitus Olmi, ♀ from Yemen, Sana’a, in dorsal (B) and lateral (C) view. Scale bar: 2.93 mm; B: 2.43 mm; C: 2.20 mm.

FIGURE 225. Habitus of Gonatopus species. A: G. harinhalai Olmi, Copeland & van Noort sp. nov., ♀ holotype in dorsal view. B, C: G. incognitus Olmi, ♂ from Nigeria, Ibadan, in dorsal (B) and lateral (C) view. Scale bar: A: 2.45 mm; B: 1.44 mm; C: 0.93 mm.

FIGURE 229. Gonatopus species. A: G. leptothorax Ceballos: ♀ from Lesotho, Mamathes, habitus in dorsal view. B: G. lon- giusculus Olmi, ♀ holotype: mesoscutum + mesoscutellum + metapectal-propodeal disc + propodeal declivity in dorsal view. C: G. luteipes (Benoit), ♀ holotype: head in frontal view. D, E: G. maritimus Olmi, ♀ holotype: mesoscutum + mesoscutellum + metapectal-propodeal disc + propodeal declivity in dorsal view (D); mesosoma in lateral view (E). F: G. incognitus Olmi, ♀ holotype: head in frontal view. G: G. masoalensis Olmi, ♀ holotype: mesosoma in lateral view. Scale bar: A: 1.73 mm; B: 1.01 mm; C: 0.15 mm; D: 0.53 mm; E: 0.80 mm; F: 0.28 mm; G: 0.98 mm.