Ceratovacuna imperata Qiao

Jiang, Liyun, Chen, Jing, Guo, Kun & Qiao, Gexia, 2015, Review of the genus Ceratovacuna (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with descriptions of five new species from China, Zootaxa 3986 (1), pp. 35-60 : 41-45

Ceratovacuna imperata Qiao sp. n.

( Figures 38–57 , Table 1)

Apterous viviparous female. Body red-brown with white wax powder in life.

Mounted specimens: Body oval ( Fig. 48 ), 1.60–1.88 times as long as its width. Head and pronotum fused ( Figs 38 , 49 ). Eyes and rostrum dark brown, the other parts pale brown. Dorsum of body with wax gland plates, composed with polygonal wax gland facets ( Figs 43 , 54 ). Dorsum of head with 1 pair of wax gland plates between eyes, composed with 6–9 facets; pronotum with 1 pair of spinal and marginal wax gland plates, composed with 5– 10 wax gland facets, respectively; mesonotum and metanotum each with 1 pair of spinal and marginal wax gland plates, composed with 9–13 facets; abdominal tergites I–IV each with 1 pair of spinal wax gland plates, composed with 8 or 9 facets; tergites V–VII each with 1 fused spinal wax gland plate, composed with 13–20, 8–14 and 0–3 facets, respectively; tergites I–VII each with 1 pair of marginal wax gland plates, composed with 5–11 facets; tergite VIII covered by one big wax gland plate, composed with 21–30 facets. Dorsal setae of body fine and pointed; head with 4–5 pairs of dorsal setae; pronotum with 2 pairs of spinal, 1 pair of anterior pleural and 2 pairs of marginal setae; mesonotum and metanotum each with 1 pair of spinal, 1 pair of pleural and 2 pairs of marginal setae; abdominal tergites I–VI each with 1 pair of spinal, pleural and marginal setae; tergite VII with 1 pair of spinal and marginal setae; tergite VIII with 2 spinal and 2 or 3 marginal setae; cephalic setae, marginal setae on abdominal tergite I, setae on abdominal tergite VIII 2.17, 1.43–1.97 and 0.90 times as long as basal diameter of antennal segment III, respectively. Spiracles round, open, on pale brown spiracular plates.

Head. Head with 1 pair of frontal horns ( Figs 39 , 50 ), 1.25–2.00 times as long as its basal width, 0.73–1.00 times as long as antennal segment II, each with 4 setae. Antenna 4–segmented ( Figs 40 , 51 ), with wrinkles on apex of segments III and IV, 0.19–0.23 times as long as body; segments I–IV each with 1, 2 or 3, 2–5, 1 or 2+0 setae, respectively; setae on segment III 0.53–1.67 times as long as basal diameter of the segment; segments III and IV each with one non-ciliated primary rhinarium; processus terminalis 0.43–0.63 times as long as base of the segment IV, with 4 apical setae. Rostrum short, reaching over fore coxae; ultimate rostral segment wedge-shaped ( Figs 41 , 52 ), 1.00–1.10 times as long as its basal width, 0.48–0.55 times as long as second hind tarsal segment; with 3 pairs of primary setae, without secondary setae.

Thorax. Mesosternal furca brown, with two arms separated ( Figs 42 , 53 ), each arm 1.30–1.97 times as long as basal diameter of antennal segment III. Legs smooth, with a few setae; trochanter and femur fused; hind trochanter and femur 2.82–3.55 times as long as antennal segment III; hind tibia 0.27–0.37 times as long as body; setae on hind tibia 0.88–1.20 times as long as its mid-diameter. First tarsal chaetotaxy: 3, 3, 3.

Abdomen. Siphunculi ring-like ( Figs 44 , 55 ), on abdominal tergite V, apical diameter 1.16–1.67 times as long as basal diameter of antennal segment III. Cauda, anal plate and genital plate with spinules. Cauda knobbed ( Figs 45 , 56 ), 0.46–0.67 times as long as basal width, with 10–13 long or short setae. Anal plate bilobed ( Figs 46 , 57 ), with 11–15 long or short setae. Genital plate with 4 short pointed anterior setae and 7 or 8 posterior setae ( Fig. 47 ).

Holotype. CHINA: Apterous vivipara, Tibet (Motuo County), on Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch, 13.viii.2003 (Qiao GX & Huang XL) [No. 15367–1–1–2]. Paratypes. CHINA: 3 apterous viviparae, [No. 15367]; 2 apterous viviparae and 2 apterous viviparae ( BMNH), 16.viii.2003 [No. 15400]; 7 apterous vivipara, Yunnan (Puer City), on one species in Poaceae , 27.xi.2009 (Chen J & Li ZG) [No. 24011]; the other information same as holotype.

Distribution. China (Tibet, Yunnan).

Biology. The new species feeds on the undersides of leaves on Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch ( Poaceae ).

Etymology. The new species, Ceratovacuna imperata is named after its host plant, Imperata cylindrica .

Remarks. The new species is most similar to Ceratovacuna hoffmanni in the abdominal tergites V and VI each with only one fused spinal wax gland plates, but differs from C. hoffmanni as follows: abdominal tergite III with two separated spinal wax gland plates ( C. hoffmanni : each with only one fused spinal wax gland plate); anal plate with 11–15 setae ( C. hoffmanni : with 20–22 ones); genital plate with 7 or 8 posterior setae ( C. hoffmanni : with 15– 17 ones).

TABLE 1. Biometric data (range) of apterous viviparae of the new species in Ceratovacuna . The following abbreviations are used: Ant. I, II, III, IVb, antennal segments I, II, III and the base of segment IV, respectively; PT: processus terminalis; Ant. III BD: basal diameter of antennal segment III; Frontal horn BW: basal width of frontal horn; URS: ultimate rostral segment; URS BW: basal width of ultimate rostral segment; Hind tibia MD: middle diameter of hind tibia; 2HT: second hind tarsal segment; SIPH AD: apical diameter of siphunculus; Cauda BW: basal width of cauda; Setae on Tergite I: marginal setae on abdominal tergite I; Setae on Tergite VIII: spinal setae on abdominal tergite VIII.

C. angusticorna C. beijingensis C. imperata C. multiglandula C. separata

Parts (n=5) (n=5) (n=5) (n=5) (n=4)

Holotype Range Holotype Range Holotype Range Holotype Range Holotype Range Length (mm) Body length 2.32 1.78–2.32 2.43 2.35–2.43 1.68 1.47–1.68 1.88 1.88–2.16 1.36 1.29–1.60 Body width 1.33 1.09–1.46 1.51 1.33–1.51 1.03 0.78–1.05 1.13 1.04–1.21 0.90 0.85–0.93 Ant. 0.30 0.26–0.33 0.33 0.30–0.34 0.37 0.29–0.37 0.27 0.21–0.27 0.25 0.25–0.26 Ant. I 0.05 0.05–0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.04–0.06 0.06 0.04–0.06 0.04 0.04–0.05 Ant. II 0.05 0.05–0.06 0.04 0.04–0.05 0.06 0.04–0.06 0.04 0.04–0.05 0.04 0.04–0.05 Ant. III 0.10 0.09–0.13 0.13 0.13–0.14 0.15 0.11–0.17 0.10 0.09–0.11 0.08 0.08–0.09 Ant. IVb 0.07 0.07–0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.05–0.07 0.05 0.04–0.05 0.06 0.06

PT 0.03 0.02–0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03–0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Frontal horn 0.03 0.03–0.04 0.05 0.04–0.06 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03–0.04 0.06 0.06

Frontal horn BW 0.06 0.06–0.08 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02–0.03 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.06–0.07 URS 0.08 0.05–0.08 0.08 0.08–0.09 0.05 0.05–0.06 0.07 0.05–0.07 0.06 0.06–0.07 Hind femur & trochanter 0.44 0.40–0.47 0.45 0.45–0.50 0.44 0.39–0.48 0.36 0.29–0.36 0.37 0.34–0.39 Hind tibia 0.54 0.49–0.59 0.69 0.69–0.82 0.54 0.41–0.60 0.46 0.39–0.48 0.45 0.44–0.45 2HT 0.12 0.11–0.12 0.15 0.15 0.11 0.11–0.12 0.11 0.10–0.11 0.10 0.10–0.11 SIPH AD 0.04 0.04–0.05 0.05 0.04–0.05 0.05 0.04–0.05 0.05 0.05–0.06 0.04 0.04

Cauda 0.08 0.08–0.09 0.09 0.08–0.09 0.07 0.06–0.08 0.07 0.06–0.07 0.07 0.05–0.07 Cauda BW 0.13 0.13–0.14 0.15 0.13–0.15 0.14 0.09–0.17 0.13 0.11–0.14 0.12 0.10–0.12 Ant. III BD 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02

……continued on the next page TABLE 1. (Continued)

C. angusticorna C. beijingensis C. imperata C. multiglandula C. separata

(n=5) (n=5) (n=5) (n=5) (n=4)

Holotype Range Holotype Range Holotype Range Holotype Range Holotype Range Hind tibia MD 0.04 0.04–0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04–0.05 0.04 0.04 Frontal setae 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03–0.05 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.02–0.05 0.05 0.05–0.06 Setae on Tergite I 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06–0.07 / 0.04–0.06 0.03 0.02–0.04 0.04 0.04–0.06 Setae on Tergite VIII 0.05 0.05–0.06 0.07 0.06–0.07 / 0.03 0.05 0.04–0.06 0.05 0.05–0.06 Setae on Ant. III 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.03–0.04 0.05 0.02–0.05 0.01 0.01–0.02 0.02 0.02 Setae on Hind tibia 0.04 0.04–0.05 0.05 0.03–0.05 0.06 0.04–0.06 0.05 0.04–0.05 0.04 0.04–0.05 (times) Body length/ Body width 1.74 1.58–1.74 1.61 1.61–1.77 1.63 1.60–1.88 1.67 1.67–1.81 1.51 1.51–1.72 Whole Antennae / Body 0.13 0.12–0.17 0.14 0.12–0.14 0.22 0.19–0.23 0.14 0.12–0.15 0.18 0.16–0.19 Hind femur & trochanter / Ant. III 4.40 3.76–4.47 3.53 3.11–3.53 3.00 2.82–3.55 3.48 3.09–3.48 4.63 4.14–4.63 Hind tibia / Body 0.23 0.21–0.31 0.28 0.28–0.32 0.32 0.27–0.37 0.25 0.22–0.27 0.33 0.28–0.34 PT / Ant. IVb 0.43 0.30–0.43 0.37 0.37–0.47 0.43 0.43–0.63 0.40 0.33–0.72 0.33 0.33–0.40 Frontal horn/ Frontal horn BW 0.50 0.50–0.53 1.42 1.33–2.00 1.50 1.25–2.00 1.00 1.00–1.33 0.86 0.86 Frontal horn/ Ant. II 0.60 0.57–0.83 1.17 0.80–1.20 0.75 0.73–1.00 0.75 0.67–0.91 1.50 1.15–1.50 URS / URS BW 1.14 0.80–1.43 1.08 0.88–1.13 1.10 1.00–1.10 1.25 0.76–1.25 0.86 0.86–1.31 URS / 2HT 0.67 0.46–0.80 0.50 0.50–0.56 0.48 0.48–0.55 0.68 0.52–0.68 0.60 0.54–0.60 Cauda / Cauda BW 0.62 0.57–0.64 0.61 0.60–0.62 0.52 0.46–0.67 0.58 0.50–0.58 0.58 0.48–0.62 Frontal setae / Ant. III BD 2.50 2.50 1.33 1.20–2.00 2.17 2.17 1.40 0.67–1.67 3.33 3.13–4.20 Setae on Tergite I / Ant. III BD 2.50 2.50 2.00 2.00–2.33 / 1.43–1.97 1.40 0.67–1.33 2.67 2.67–3.93 Setae on Tergite VIII / Ant. III BD 2.50 2.25–3.00 2.33 2.00–2.33 / 0.90 2.00 1.33–2.00 3.33 3.13–3.93 Setae on Ant. III / Ant. III BD 0.75 0.75–1.00 1.33 1.00–1.33 1.67 0.53–1.67 0.60 0.33–0.67 1.33 1.33 Setae on hind tibia / Hind tibia MD 1.00 1.00–1.08 1.00 0.60–1.00 1.20 0.88–1.20 1.11 0.96–1.27 1.00 0.90–1.09 SIPH AD / Ant. III BD 2.00 2.00–2.50 1.82 1.80–2.20 1.67 1.16–1.67 2.00 1.67–2.00 2.67 2.33–2.87

Figures

FIGURES 38 – 47. Ceratovacuna imperata Qiao sp. n. Apterous viviparous female: (38) dorsal view of head and prothorax; (39) frontal horn; (40) antenna; (41) ultimate rostral segment; (42) mesosternal furca; (43) dorsal view of abdomen; (44) siphunculus; (45) cauda; (46) anal plate; (47) genital plate. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 48 – 57. Ceratovacuna imperata Qiao sp. n. Apterous viviparous female: (48) dorsal view of body; (49) dorsal view of head and prothorax; (50) frontal horns; (51) antenna; (52) ultimate rostral segment; (53) mesosternal furca; (54) wax gland plate on abdominal tergite; (55) siphunculus; (56) cauda; (57) anal plate. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.