Moranila californica (Howard, 1881)

Uan, H Ui Xiao D A-Wei H, 2001, A review of Eunotinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) from China, Journal of Natural History 35, pp. 1587-1605 : 1594-1596

Moranila californica (H owa rd)

(gures 12–14)

Tomocera californica H oward, 1881: 352, 368–369.

Moranila testaceipes Cameron, 1883: 188–189 . Synonymized by Howard, 1896: 165.

Tomocera ceroplastis Perkins, 1906: 75 . Synonymized by Burks, 1978: 783.

Tomocera glabriventris Girault, 1915: 208 . Synonymized by Burks, 1978: 783.

Tomocera X aviceps Girault, 1915: 208. Synonymized by Burks, 1978: 783.

Eunotomyi a festiva M asi, 1917: 195–197. Synonymized by BoucÏek, 1988: 357.

Moranila californica (H oward); Burks, in K rombein, 1958: 75. G raham, 1969: 70–71. M ani, 1989: 550–551. Berry, 1995: 33–35.

Material examined. China: Hainan, 22 May 1964, 2 3, from coccids on oak tree ( Quercus ?) (Liao Ding-Xi) ; Hainan, 2 April 1964, 10, on Engelhardtia colebrookiana Lindl , ex. Wall (Liao Ding-Xi) ; Hainan, 8 May 1964, 9, on oak tree ( Quercus ?) (Liao Ding-Xi) ; Hainan, Jianfengling , 28 July 1964, 1 3 (Liao Ding-Xi) ; Hebei, Xinglong , 30 M arch 1964, 3 3, from Coccus sp. (Liao Ding-Xi) ; Hebei, Xinglong , 31 March 1964, 1, from Rosanococcus sp. (Liao Ding-Xi) ; Yunnan, Jingdong , 4 May 1974, 1 (Liao Ding-Xi) ; Zhejiang, Hangzhou , 3 7, from Eriococcus sp. (Liao Ding-Xi) ; Anhui, 26 September 1965, 3 (Chen Tai-Lu) .

Biology. This species is mainly a parasitoid of scale insects, particularly Coccidae , and rarely as a hyperparasitoid through encyrtids. In China, this species was reared from coccids on oak tree and Rosanococcus sp. The known hosts are listed as follows: Asterolecaniidae : Asterolecanium pustulans (Cockerell) ; Coccidae : Ceroplastes ceriferus (F.), C. X oridensis (Comstock), C. rubens Maskell , C. rusci (L.); Coccus hesperidum L., Parasaissetia nigra Takahashi , Saissetia coOEeae (Walker), S. hemisphaerica (Targioni-Tozzetti) , S. oleae (Olivier) ; Pseudococcidae : Antonina bambusae (M askell).

Distribution. Cosmopolitan. China (Hainan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Anhui and H ebei).