Halictophaginae Perkins 1905 : 98

Kathirithamby, Jeyaraney, Mcmahon, Dino P., Anober-Lantican, Gaudencia M. & Ocampo, Virginia R., 2012, An unusual occurrence of multiparasitism by two genera of Strepsiptera (Insecta) in a mango leafhopper Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the Philippines, Zootaxa 3268, pp. 16-28 : 17-21

Subfamily Halictophaginae Perkins 1905: 98

Halictophagus Curtis, 1831: 433

Halictophagus fulmeki ( Hofeneder 1927: 377) Oedicystis fulmeki Hofeneder 1927: 377

Type Locality: Medan, Sumatra.

Distribution: Sumatra, Philippines

Specimens Examined. Voucher specimen. Male: Philippines , Carabao, Pico & Katchamitha, sweep net, 1994–98 (V. R. Ocampo, G. M. Anober, R. S. Rejesus) (deposited in the University of Oxford Museum of Natural History, Oxford).

Voucher specimen. Female: Philippines , Carabao, Pico & Katchamitha, sweep net, 1994-98 (V. R. Ocampo, G. M. Anober, R. S. Rejesus) (deposited in the University of Oxford Museum of Natural History, Oxford). Description. Male. Total length, 1.71mm ( Figs 1–4 ).

Antennae, 7 segmented with flabellum on IIIrd-VIIth segments. Segments 1 and II of equal length (0.06mm), III antennomere plus flabellum (0.43mm) slightly longer than IV antennomere plus flabellum (0.35mm), V antennomere plus flabellum = 0.24mm, VI and VII antennomere plus flabellum of equal length (0.20mm) ( Fig. 1 ).

Mandibles knife-shaped (0.04mm) ( Fig. 1 ).

Maxilla. Length of maxillary segment I (0.03mm) a third of the II (0.10mm).

Number of ommatidia—20.

Thorax. Scutum = 0.14mm; scutellum+prescutum = 0.12mm; postlumbium three times wider than long (length= 0.07mm, width= 0.21mm), postnotum twice as long as all the above (0.62mm) ( Fig. 3).

Wings, R2 short about a third of R3, R3 as long as R4, R5 slightly shorter than R4. MA and CuA of equal length ( Fig. 4 ).

Fore femur ends with spur-like structure.

Aedeagus is a simple hook-shape ( Fig. 2 ).

Cephalotheca of male pupa ( Fig. 5 ). Length = 0.38mm, width = 0.50mm. Rudiments of ommatidia are represented by small thickenings of the sclerite on either side of the cephalotheca. Antennal rudiments represent the scapus and pedicellus. Paired mandibles and maxilla appear at the sides of the eyes with a mouth opening below. Mandibles have a few small spines ( Fig. 6 ). The cephalotheca sits on a raised collar (1–3 abdominal segments of the puparium), and a pair of spiracles are on the sides of the IIIrd segment.

Female cephalothorax ( Fig 8 ). As long as wide and rounded (length = 0.18mm, width = 0.20mm). Small, round and pale in colour. The rostrum of the puparium is on top, with a pair of mandibles on either side. The mouth opening is between the mandibles. The brood canal opening is rounded, and almost in the center of the cephalothorax (circumference= 0.09mm).

Host: Host of type unknown. In the Philippines H. fulmeki parasitizes the mango leafhopper Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry 1889) (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae ).

Remarks: H. fulmeki was described from Sumatra from a single male and has not been recorded since. Bohart (1943) says that this species is remarkably similar to H. membraciphaga . The mandibles are shorter than the maxilla in H. fulmeki , the male VIIIth abdominal segment has a slight extension posteriorly, and the female cephalothorax is shorter and lighter in colour than in H. membraciphaga . The brood canal opening is round and is at the center of the cephalothorax, whereas it is elongated and situated a third of the way from the anterior in H. membraciphaga . H. fulmeki differs from H. javanensis ( Pierce 1918) by the shape of the aedeagus, which is slender and barbed at the apex in the latter species. Palpi and basal segment of maxilla are short and broad in H. javanensis , not so in H. fulmeki . Aedeagus is similar to H. chantaneeae Kifune and Hirashima (1983) from Thailand, but in H. chantaneeae the mandibles are broader and triangular in shape (slender knife-shaped in H. fulmeki ); the maxillary basal and terminal segments are equal in length (basal segment a third of the terminal in H. fulmeki ). H. fulmeki resembles H. irimotensis Hirashima and Kifune 1978a from Japan but differs from it by the veination of the wings (R2 half the length H. fulmeki ; arcuate and parallel to wing margin in H. irimotensis ) and the smaller size. H. fulmeki differs from H. (Allohalictophagus) thaiae Kifune 1983 from Thailand in that the Xth abdomen segment is large and overhangs the IXth segment in H. thaiae whereas in H. fulmeki the Xth segment is small (about a third of the size of the IXth). The aedeagus in H. (Allohalictophagus) thaiae , has a straight sharp dorsal process, whereas in H. fulmeki the aedeagus is unicinate ( Fig. 2 ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Ventral view of head of adult male of Halictophagus fulmeki (Hofeneder) (SEM).

FIGURE 2. Posterior abdominal segments of Halictophagus fulmeki (Hofeneder). Arrow: Xth abdominal segment.

FIGURE 4. Wing of Halictophagus fulmeki (Hofeneder) segments of Halictophagus fulmeki (Hofeneder).

FIGURE 5. Male cephalotheca of Halictophagus fulmeki (Hofeneder) (SEM)

FIGURE 6. Mandibles of the cephalotheca of Halictophagus fulmeki (Hofeneder) (SEM)

FIGURE 8. Female cephalothorax of Halictophagus fulmeki (Hofeneder) (SEM). Brood canal opening (arrow).