Paraclius arcuatus (Loew, 1861)

Soares, Matheus M. M., Runyon, Justin B., Capellari, Renato S. & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2023, Review of Paraclius arcuatus species-group (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) with description of two new species, Zootaxa 5323 (2), pp. 151-182 : 153-154

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0ABC4CFF-9D2A-449A-B7C2-CFE16DF16004
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8212577
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E62055-FF93-0015-FF7B-F8B2FA463182
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Paraclius arcuatus
status

Treatment

Key to species of the arcuatus View in CoL -group of Paraclius (males)

1 Antenna wholly dark brown to black (e.g. Figs 1E View FIGURE 1 , 2E View FIGURE 2 , 8E View FIGURE 8 ); face gradually narrowing below (funnel-shaped), narrowest point slightly wider than mid ocellus (e.g. Figs 1D View FIGURE 1 , 2C View FIGURE 2 , 7E View FIGURE 7 ); clypeus short, about 1/4 as long as face (e.g. Figs 1D View FIGURE 1 , 2C View FIGURE 2 , 8C View FIGURE 8 , 11C View FIGURE 11 ); anal lobe barely developed (e.g. Figs 2F View FIGURE 2 , 11F View FIGURE 11 , 8F View FIGURE 8 ); tergite 6 either with short or long and strong lateral setae (e.g. Figs 1H View FIGURE 1 , 8D View FIGURE 8 , 9F View FIGURE 9 , 11E View FIGURE 11 ); apicoventral epandrial lobe not developed (e.g. Figs 3G View FIGURE 3 , 9E View FIGURE 9 , 12D View FIGURE12 )................... arcuatus View in CoL -group of Paraclius View in CoL 2

- Antenna usually orangish-yellow, with only apical 1/2 to apical 1/3 of postpedicel brown to dark brown; face various, distinctly wider than mid ocellus at narrowest point; clypeus usually 1/2 to 1/3 as long as face; anal lobe normally developed; tergite 6 bare; apicoventral epandrial developed................................................... other Paraclius View in CoL groups

2 Postpedicel subrectangular, pointed dorsally at apex ( Figs 1E View FIGURE 1 , 2E View FIGURE 2 , 11D View FIGURE 11 ); femur I wholly yellow ( Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 2A View FIGURE 2 , 6A View FIGURE 6 , 11A View FIGURE 11 ); CuAx ratio: 0.6 or greater ( Figs 1I View FIGURE 1 , 2F View FIGURE 2 , 11F View FIGURE 11 )..................................................................... 3

- Postpedicel various, not pointed dorsally at apex ( Figs 8E View FIGURE 8 , 15D, F View FIGURE 15 , 19F View FIGURE 19 ); femur I mostly brown to dark brown (e.g., Figs 7A View FIGURE 7 , 8A View FIGURE 8 , 14A View FIGURE 14 ); CuAx ratio: 0.3–0.5 (e.g., Figs 7A View FIGURE 7 , 8F View FIGURE 8 , 15E View FIGURE 15 )....................................................... 5

3 Scutellum with 1 pair of short apical setae ( Fig. 6C View FIGURE 6 ); femur II yellow with apical 1/3 to 1/2 brown to dark brown ( Figs 2A View FIGURE 2 , 4A View FIGURE 4 , 6A View FIGURE 6 ); male tergite 6 bare ( Fig. 2D View FIGURE 2 )............... P. arcuatus (Loew) View in CoL [Widespread in Central America, Cuba and Jamaica]

- Scutellum without pair of apical short setae ( Figs 1B View FIGURE 1 , 11B View FIGURE 11 ); femur II yellow ( Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 11A View FIGURE 11 ); lateral margins of male tergite 6 with strong setae ( Figs 1H View FIGURE 1 , 11E View FIGURE 11 )......................................................................... 4

4 Wing wholly brownish ( Fig. 11F View FIGURE 11 ); basal apicoventral epandrial seta about 2X longer than apical seta, and both shorter than ventral lobe of surstylus ( Fig. 12C, D View FIGURE12 ).................. P. brooksi sp. nov. [ Mexico (Chiapas and Oaxaca) and Grenada]

- Wing wholly grayish ( Fig. 1I View FIGURE 1 ); basal apicoventral epandrial seta as long as apical seta, and both longer than ventral lobe of surstylus ( Fig. 1G View FIGURE 1 ).............................................................................................. P. angusticauda Van Duzee, 1933 View in CoL [ Guatemala]; P. elongatus Van Duzee, 1930 View in CoL [ Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]

5 IIt 1 wholly dark brown ( Figs 7A View FIGURE 7 , 8A View FIGURE 8 ); phallus with fringe of spines at apical 1/2, not reaching the apex of phallus ( Fig. 9B–D View FIGURE 9 ); ventral lobe of surstylus short, gently curved ventrally, about 1/3 as long as basal apicoventral epandrial seta ( Fig. 9B, C, H View FIGURE 9 )..................................................... P. angustipennis Van Duzee, 1929 View in CoL [ Guatemala and Mexico]

- IIt 1 yellow on basal 1/2 and brownish on apical 1/2 ( Fig. 19A View FIGURE 19 ); phallus plain, lacking spines ( Figs 16E View FIGURE 16 , 20E View FIGURE 20 ); ventral lobe of surstylus long, gently to strongly curved ventrally, about 1/2 as long or slightly shorter than basal apicoventral epandrial seta ( Figs 16C–E View FIGURE 16 , 20D View FIGURE 20 ).................................................................................... 6

6 Tergite 6 with row of 3–4 strong lateral setae increasing in length towards posterior margin ( Fig. 16I View FIGURE 16 ); sternite 5 U-shaped anteriorly ( Fig. 16A View FIGURE 16 ); ventral lobe of surstylus strongly curved ventrally ( Fig. 16C–E View FIGURE 16 ); dorsal lobe of surstylus weakly sclerotized, short, subrectangular, with 1 slender apicoventral seta, as long as dorsal lobe of surstylus, and 2 strong setae, 1 at apical margin and 1 subapical at dorsal edge ( Fig. 16F View FIGURE 16 )............... P. pumilio Loew View in CoL [Widespread in Mexico and USA]

- Tergite 6 with two rows of 7–8 short lateral setae ( Fig. 19E View FIGURE 19 ); sternite 5 divided in two narrow hemitergites anteriorly ( Fig. 20A View FIGURE 20 ); ventral lobe of surstylus gently curved ventrally ( Fig. 20C, D View FIGURE 20 ); dorsal lobe of surstylus suboval, with dorsal row of short setae at basal 1/2, ending in 1 strong seta at middle and with 1 strong seta at apex ( Fig. 20D View FIGURE 20 )........... P. xibun sp. nov. [ Belize]