Menemerus bivittatus ( Dufour, 1831 )

Richardson, Barry J., 2016, New genera, new species and redescriptions of Australian jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae), Zootaxa 4114 (5), pp. 501-560 : 528-529

Menemerus bivittatus ( Dufour, 1831)

Figs 101–109

Salticus bivittatus Dufour, 1831: 369 , pl. 11, fig. 5. Remainder of the long list of non-Australian synonyms can be found in ( Platnick 2014; Richardson & Żabka 2015).

Menemerus acuminatus Rainbow, 1912: 201 , figs 15, 16— NEW SYNONYMY. Marpissa ridens Hogg, 1914: 90 , fig. 12— NEW SYNONYMY.

Type material. Holotype of Menemerus acuminatus Rainbow, 1912 , a pre-adult F, 152.87°E, 26.57°S, Blackall Range, Queensland (QM); Syntypes of Marpissa ridens , 2F, 115.53°E, 26.53°E, Hermite Island, Montebello Group, Western Australia, P.D. Montague ( BNHM 1924.III,1.1124-5).

Other material examined. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: 1M, Tinaroo Dam, 145.55°E, 17.17°S, 10 Oct. 1971, R.E. Mascord (AMS KS 18318, KS 18318); 1M, Tinaroo Dam, 145.55°E, 17.17°S, 10 Oct. 1971, R.E. Mascord (AMS KS18318); 1M, Townsville, 146.8°E, 19.23°S (AMS KS 34902); 1M, 1F, Townsville, 146.82°E, 19.27°S, 1 Mar. 1927, G. Dennes (AMS KS18230); 1M, Townsville, 146.82°E, 19.27°S, 1 Nov. 1927 (AMS KS32449); 1M, Townsville, 146.82°E, 19.27, 1 Nov. 1927 (AMS KS32450); 1M, 1imm., Hooley Creek, 64 km NW of Wittenoom, 117.93°E, 21.87°S, 2 Nov. 1984, B. & M. Baehr, (QM S96157 ); 1F, Gillett Cay, Swain Reefs, 152.6°E, 22.18°S, 1 Oct. 1962, Australian Museum 1962 Swain Reefs Expedition (AMS KS 109404); 1M, Yeppoon, 150.73°E, 23.13°S, 26 Jul. 1992, A.F. Longbottom ( WAM T 130188); 1M, Brisbane, Queensland Museum, 153.03°E, 27.47°S, 13 Dec. 1977, R. Owen (QM S96178 ); 1imm., Brisbane, Queensland Museum, 153.03°E, 27.47, 18 Mar. 1982, V. Davies (QM S96179 ); 1imm., Brisbane, Queensland Museum, 153.03°E, 27.47°S, 26 Feb. 1976, P. Filewood (QM S96177 ); 1M, Brisbane, Queensland Museum, 153.03°E, 27.47°S, 2 Apr. 1984, J. Gallon (QM S96172 ); 1F, Brisbane, Queensland Museum, 153.03°E, 27.47°S, 17 Nov. 1980, V. Davies (QM S96180 ); 1M, Brisbane, Queensland Museum, 153.03°E, 27.47°S, 24 Apr. 1986, V. Davies (QM S96174 ); 1M, Brisbane, Queensland Museum, 153.03°E, 27.47°S, 5 Mar. 1981, A. Rozefelds (QM S96176 ); 1M, Brisbane, Queensland Museum, 153.03°E, 27.47°S, 9 Nov. 1983, V. Davies (QM S96173 ); 1M, Brisbane, 153.02°E, 27.47°S, 21 Jun. 1934, L. Cooper (AMS KS18925); UNKNOWN: 2imm., '16543', (Godeffroy Collection label, NMV, BJR 1369). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 3M, North West Australia, 1920 (AMS KS22121); 1F, Barrow Island, Marine Offloading Facility, 115.48°E, 20.8°S, 26 Dec. 2011, M. Atkinson ( WAM T119411); 1M, Barrow Island, Marine Offloading Facility, 115.48°E, 20.8°S, 23 Dec. 2011, M. Atkinson ( WAM T119407); 2M, 6imm., Barrow Is., Airport on outside wall, 115.4°E, 20.87°S, 11 Apr. 2012, T. Saxelby ( WAM T 122488); 1M, Carnarvon, Plantation Caravan Park, 113.67°E, 24.88°S, 28 Jul. 1994, A.F. Longbottom ( WAM T 130187); 1F, Carnarvon, Plantation Caravan Park, 113.67°E, 24.88°S, 28 Jul. 1994, A.F. Longbottom ( WAM T 130187); 1M, Kalbarri, Tudor Park Caravan Site, 114.17°E, 27.7°S, 20 Apr. 1990, A.F. Longbottom ( WAM T 130183). SOUTH- WESTERN PACIFIC MATERIAL IN AUSTRALIAN COLLECTIONS: 1F, Fiji, Sigatoka Valley Viti Levu Island, 178°E, 18°S (AMS KS6122); 2F, New Caledonia, Noumea, 166.5°E, 22.17, 1928, I.D.A. Cockerell (AMS KS22120); 1F, New Hebrides, 168.5°E, 17.5°S, 1900, J.J. Walker (AMS KS18253); 1M, Norfolk Island, Kingston, 167.95°E, 29.05°S, 16 Mar. 1995 (AMS KS53425); 1M, Papua New Guinea, Rabaul, New Britain, 152.18°E, 4.22°S, 1917, C.J. White (AMS KS22214); 1M, 1F, Solomon Islands, Bai Bai Island, 155.85°E, 7.1°S, 10 Jul. 1975, H. Heatwole (QM S96175 ).

Remarks. This variable, pantropical species is found in many parts of the world (see Prószyński 2014 for a convenient summary). L. Koch (1879) describes and Davies & Żabka (1989) illustrate the Australian form of the species. One of the specimens examined by L. Koch, (with the correct Museum Godeffroy number) was found in the MVMA. Colour patterns of the types for both names match that of populations throughout Australia and the Pacific islands. The very large world synonymy of this species can be found in Platnick (2014), Prószyński (2014) and Richardson & Żabka (2015). The presence of a bright narrow white stripe along the base of the cephalothorax, of a membranous conductor, and the general morphology of the palp and epigyne clearly identify the Australian material as M. bivittatus . Two new, Australian junior synonyms, Menemerus acuminatus Rainbow, 1912 and Marpissa ridens Hogg, 1914 , clearly showing these characteristics are established here. The types are illustrated, but not dissected due to their very fragile states.

Distribution and biology. The species has a widespread, cosmotropical, distribution. In Australia it is known from subtropical coastal regions of eastern and western Australia ( Fig. 104 ). Extra localities in the south-west Pacific, based on material in Australian museums, are also given. As a consequence of its cosmotropical distribution, its likely IUCN Red List Category is LC.

Figures

FIGURES 101 – 104. Menemerus bivittatus, (female holotype of Menemerus acuminatus). 101 dorsal view, 102 anterior view, 103 epigyne, ventral view; 104 map showing distribution in Australia and new locations in the south Pacific region.

FIGURES 105 – 109. Menemerus bivittatus, (female syntype of Marpissa ridens). 105 dorsal view, 106 lateral view, 107 ventral view, 108 anterior view, 109 epigyne, ventral view. Scale: general 1 mm, epigyne 0.2 mm.