Anaphes Haliday, 1833

Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2007, Paranaphoidea Girault 1913, Zootaxa 1596, pp. 1-111 : 23-25

Genus Anaphes Haliday ( Figs. 36–41 )

Anaphes Haliday, 1833: 346 . Type species: Ichneumon punctum Shaw , by subsequent designation ( Westwood 1839: 78).

Panthus Walker, 1846: 50 . Type species: Panthus crassicornis Walker , by subsequent designation ( Gahan & Fagan 1923: 10). Synonymy by Graham (1982: 202).

Patasson Walker, 1846 : viii. Type species: Panthus crassicornis Walker , by monotypy. Synonymy by Debauche (1949: 64).

Flabrinus Rondani, 1877: 180 . Type species: Flabrinus fabarius Rondani , by monotypy. Synonymy by Bouček (1974: 248).

Anaphoidea Girault, 1909 [61]: 167. Type species: Anaphoidea sordidata Girault , by original designation. Synonymy by Debauche (1949: 64).

Clinomymar Kieffer, 1913: 100 . Type species: Clinomymar peyerimhoffi Kieffer , by original designation. Synonymy by Debauche (1949: 63) but suggested as a synonym by Ogloblin (1935).

Yungaburra Girault, 1933 [440]: 5. Type species: Anaphoidea nitens Girault , by original designation. Synonymy formalized by Huber (1992: 32).

Synanaphes Soyka, 1946: 181 . Type species: Synanaphes ranalteri Soyka , by original designation. Synonymy formalized by Huber (1992: 32)

Ferrierella Soyka, 1946: 182 . Type species: Ferrierella neopratensis Soyka , by original designation. Synonymy formalized by Huber (1992: 32).

Hofenederia Soyka, 1946: 183 . Type species: Hofenederia pectoralis Soyka , by original designation. Synonymy formalized by Huber (1992: 32).

Fulmekiella Soyka, 1946: 184 . Type species: Fulmekiella hundsheimensisi Soyka , by original designation. Synonymy formalized by Huber (1992: 32).

Antoniella Soyka, 1950: 121 . Type species: Fulmekiella stubaiensis Soyka , by original designation. Synonymy by Annecke & Doutt (1961: 21).

Stammeriella Soyka, 1950: 120 . Type species: Stammeriella wolfsthali Soyka , by original designation. Synonymy by Annecke & Doutt (1961: 19)

Mariella Soyka, 1950: 123 . Type species: Mariella superaddita Soyka , by original designation. Synonymy by Annecke & Doutt (1961: 21).

Austranaphes Ogloblin, 1962: 49 . Type species: Austranaphes amplipennis Ogloblin , by original designation. Synonymy by Huber (1992: 32).

Diagnosis. Anaphes belongs to the Anaphes group of genera. It is distinguished from other genera in the group as follows: body black or very dark brown; funicle segment 1 conspicuously shorter than remaining segments ( Fig. 40 ); fore wing with a single, suberect seta at apex of retinaculum (just at base of marginal fringe of setae) ( Fig. 36 ) and often with a conspicuous line of micrtotrichia extending from stigmal vein towards wing apex that separates a clear area (marginal space) along anterior margin beyond venation from another clear area (medial space) behind stigmal vein; propodeum divided medially by a sulcus ( Fig. 39 ). Fore leg as in Fig. 41 . Male flagellum 11-segmented or apparently 10-segmented (in fact, 11-segmented but segment 1 minute and barely visible in some species, e.g. A. nitens ) ( Fig. 37 ). Male genitalia as in Fig. 38 .

Some Anaphes species bear a superficial resemblance to Pseudanaphes , but the latter have a 3-segmented clava as well as several other distinguishing features, as listed under the latter genus. In Australia, no Anaphes species with 3-segmented clava have yet been found.

Body length. 346–1357 µm.

Distribution. Worldwide.

Hosts. Curculionidae reported for Australian species ( Huber & Prinsloo, 1990). Elsewhere reported mainly from Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae ; also from Argidae , Brenthidae , Byrrhidae , Ephydridae , Gerridae , Miridae , Tephritidae , and Tipulidae .

Important references. Ferrière (1930), Huber (1992, 2006).

Australian species (8):

A. australia (Girault, 1920 [353]: 97) ( Anaphoidea ); Dahms, 1983: 86 (types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale] .

A. diana (Girault, 1911 [76]: 215) ( Anaphoidea ); Aeschlimann et al., 1989: 418 (release in Australia, extralimital synonymy). TL: England.

A. galtoni (Girault, 1912 [120]: 152) ( Anaphoidea ); Girault, 1914 [215]: 288 (male description); Girault, 1915 [228]: 164 (male description); Ferrière, 1930: 39 (key); Dahms, 1984: 644 (types). TL: Qld, Roma.

A. inexpectatus Huber & Prinsloo, 1990: 340 , 335 (key). TL: Tas., Hobart or Fingal.

A. linnaei (Girault, 1912 [120]: 153) ( Anaphoidea ); Ferrière, 1930: 39 (key); Dahms, 1984: 757 (types). TL: Qld, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

A. nitens (Girault, 1928 [420]: 262) ( Anaphoidea ); Dahms, 1986: 348 (types); Huber & Prinsloo, 1990: 334 (key), 336 (redescription); Huber, 1992: 53 (types, distribution). TL: Vic., Ferntree Gully. Almost 300 references to this species exist in the world literature. = A. gonipteri ( Ferrière, 1930: 38) (Anaphoidea) ; Girault 1930 [433]: 4 (synonymy). TL: South Africa, Pretoria.

A. saintpierrei Girault, 1913 [165]: 117; Girault, 1915 [228]: 179 (listed); Dahms, 1986: 494 (types). TL: Qld , Cairns, Harvey’s Creek.

A. tasmaniae Huber & Prinsloo, 1990: 338 , 335 (key). TL: Tas., Black Charlies Opening.

Figures

FIGURES 36–41. Anaphes spp. Male of Anaphes nitens (Girault) (NSW, “Mill Post”, 6 km SW. by W. Bungendore, xi.1988, W. Wanjura, ex. Gonipterus on Eucalyptus maculata) 36, fore- and hind wings; 37, antenna; 38, genitalia ventral; 39, mesosoma and base of metasoma. Female of A. nitens (South Africa, ex. Gonipterus scutellatus) 40, antenna. Male of Anaphes sp. (NSW, nr. Moppy Lookout, Barrington Tops, 31.54°S 151.34°E, 11.ii.1984, I. Naumann) 41, fore leg.