Curtonotum saheliense Tsacas, 1977, 1980

Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H. & Wiegmann, Brian M., 2013, <p> <strong> A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV — the continental Afrotropical species of <em> Curtonotum </ em> Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae </ strong> </ p>, Zootaxa 3684 (1), pp. 1-166 : 100-103

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3684.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E922034E-1247-400B-97F6-1778CF766B91

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E45152-FFFC-FF80-A6AB-FB6B5171403F

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Curtonotum saheliense Tsacas, 1977
status

 

Curtonotum saheliense Tsacas, 1977 View in CoL

Figs 120 View FIGURES 118–123 , 144 View FIGURES 142–153 , 180 View FIGURES 172–181 , 260, 263, 266 View FIGURES 259–267 , 303 View FIGURES 295–305 , 327 View FIGURE 327 .

Curtonotum saheliensis: Tsacas, 1977: 161 View in CoL ; figs 8 a–e, p. 162. Type locality: [ Niger]: “ Guerimari ”.

Curtonotum saheliense: Wirth and Tsacas (1980: 672) View in CoL .

Curtonotum saheliense: Meier et al. (1997: 10) View in CoL .

Curtonotum saheliense View in CoL (?): sensu Meier et al. (1997: 16), nec sensu Kirk-Spriggs (2008b: 229), auctt. misidentification. Curtonotum saheliense: Kirk-Spriggs and Freidberg (2007: 135) View in CoL .

Curtonotum saheliense View in CoL (?): sensu Kirk-Spriggs (2008b: 229), nec sensu Meier et al. (1997: 16).

Curtonotum saheliense: Kirk-Spriggs (2008c: 248 View in CoL , figs 46–55).

Redescription: Male (primarily based on field-pinned HT).

As redescribed for C. simile (above), differing in the following respects:

Measurements: Overall length unknown; 4–4.5 mm ( Tsacas 1977: 163); length of head and thorax combined 2.1–2.6 mm; length of thorax and scutellum combined 1.9–2.4 mm; wing length 2.8–3.6 mm (n = 5, N-T).

Head ( Figs 120 View FIGURES 118–123 , 144 View FIGURES 142–153 ). Eye height/length ratio: 11:7 (n = 1, N-T); frons ( Fig. 144 View FIGURES 142–153 ) slightly wider than long, frons length/width ratio: 8:6 (n = 1, N-T); flagellomere 1 with squarely rounded apex; 9 fine setae bordering genal groove; gena narrow, eye height/genal height ratio: 11:1 (n = 1, N-T).

Thorax ( Fig. 120 View FIGURES 118–123 ). Mesonotum with 2 median vittae not markedly widened anteriorly; postpronotum with 9 fine black-brown setulae; anepisternum surface with 14 fine setulae; katepisternum surface with 15 short, fine setulae.

Legs. Fore coxa with 15 brown setulae on anterior surface; fore tibia with ctenidium of 10–11 short, sharp, black spinules.

Wing ( Fig. 180 View FIGURES 172–181 ). Virtually identical to that of C. simile .

Abdomen. Sternite 6 ( Fig. 303 View FIGURES 295–305 ) apically expanded, with shallow U-shaped apical excision.

Terminalia ( Figs 260, 263, 266 View FIGURES 259–267 ). Hypandrium ( Fig. 260 View FIGURES 259–267 , hy) long, with very broad-based rounded-truncate dorsobasal lobe, posterior bridge dorsally and ventrally produced (rounded in profile); hypandrial arms broad basally, expanded apically (viewed laterally); postgonite (pg); epandrium (ep); cercus (ce); surstylus (ss); phallus (as in Figs 263 View FIGURES 259–267 , ph, bp, dp; 266, bp, dp); phallapodeme ( Fig. 263 View FIGURES 259–267 , ph); ejaculatory apodeme (ea); basiphallus ( Figs 263, 266 View FIGURES 259–267 , bp); distiphallus (dp) with basal region (viewed dorsally) having small spine on right side, widely separated from junction of basiphallus and distiphallus.

♀ Similar to ♂, except in the following respects: wing length 3–4 mm ( Tsacas 1977: 163). The obclavate spermatheca was illustrated by Tsacas (1977: 162, fig. 8c), but given intraspecific variation this has little value in differentiating the species.

Variation. No significant variation is noted.

Differential diagnosis. The two species in the saheliense species-group, C. saheliense and C. simile , are distinguished by the presence of the extremely long, obliquely angled, posteriorly-directed spine in the basal region of the basiphallus. The two sister species are very similar externally and are separable by the position of the smaller spine on the distiphallus and by the shape of the sclerotised basal area. The two species can be separated by use of the above key.

Type material examined. NIGER: holotype ♂, “ MUSEUM PARIS / GUERIMARI / (MISSION TILHO) / Dr. R. GAILLARD 1910 [printed; pale blue card] // OCTOBRE [printed, black border] // HOLOTYPE [printed; red card] // CURTONOTUM / saheliensis / Holotype n.sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1976 [printed & handwritten] // Curtonotum / saheliense Tsacas, 1977 / A.H. Kirk-Spriggs vidit 2006 // Specimen / missing from mount / 2006” (MNHN). The specimen is entirely missing from the mount, but the abdomen and terminalia are stored in microvial pinned beneath specimen. Paratypes (all labelled: “ Curtonotum saheliense Tsacas, 1977 ♂ [or ♀] A.H. Kirk- Spriggs vidit 2006]): [ CHAD]: 5♀, same labels as holotype, except: “ PARATYPE [printed; red card]” [4 with additional “ ♀ ” label; 3 head missing]”; 1 with additional label “Guerimari / oct. 08 [handwritten; blue border] [3 head missing]” (MNHN); 1♂, 1♀, “Para- / type [paper disc with yellow border] // 20 III 1966 OUARAI 299 [= Ouarrai] / Moyen Chari, Tchad / Coll. J.C. Hitchcock, Jr. [printed & handwritten] // 24 Hrs [handwritten] // CURTONOTUM / saheliensis / n.sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1976 [printed & handwritten]”; 1♀, same labels except: “48 Hrs [handwritten] // Curtonotum / nigripalpis Hend. / det. B. H. Cogan 1967” (all BMNH); 1♀, same except: “MUSÉUM PARIS // Head & abdomen / missing / iii.2006 ” (MNHN); 1♂, “Para- / type [paper disc with yellow border] // Abgarra [= Chad: Abgara] Fung P / W. Rutledge / Oct., 26 / swarming on / hollow tebeldi / Sudan Govt. [printed & handwritten] // Pres. by / Imp. Inst. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 1933-14. // Ent. Coll. / C10242 [printed; black border] // Cyrtonotum / nigripalpis H. / F. Hendel det. [printed & handwritten] // CURTONOTUM / saheliensis / n.sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1976 [printed & handwritten]”; 1♀, same data except: “Pres. by / Imp. Inst. B.M. 1938- 407 // Cyrtonotum / nigripalpis H. / F. Hendel det. [printed & handwritten] // CURTONOTUM / saheliensis / n.sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1976 [printed & handwritten]” (both BMNH). 1♀, “ MUSEUM PARIS / BAS CHARI / FORT LAMY / MISSION CHARI-TCHAD / D r J. DECORSE 1904 [printed, black border] // JUILLET [printed, black border] // ♀ // PARATYPE [printed; red card] // CURTONOTUM / saheliensis / n. sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1976 [handwritten & printed]” (MNHN). MALI: 1♂, “Para- / type [paper disc with yellow border] // MALI / REPUBLIC / Macina / DIOURA / CAGE 32 / OICMA / 19/9/65 [printed & handwritten] // CURTONOTUM / saheliensis / n.sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1976 [printed & handwritten]”; 1♀, same except: “in locust egg pods [on reverse]” [head missing] (both BMNH). [ NIGER]: 1♀, “ MUSEUM PARIS / RÉG. DE ZINDER / SULTANAT DU DAMAGHÉRIM / DUNGASS / (MISSION TILHO) / Dr R. GAILLARD 1910 [printed; pale blue card] // NOVEMBRE [printed, black border] // SEPTEMBRE [printed, black border] // ♀ // PARATYPE [printed; red card] // CURTONOTUM / saheliensis / n. sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1976 [handwritten & printed]” (MNHN). SENEGAL: 1♂, 7♀, “ SENEGAL / Linguère / (Ndilla) / IX-1967 [printed; pale blue card] // MUSÉUM PARIS / Mission IFAN- MUSÉUM / A. DESCARPENTRIES, / T. LEYE et A. VILLIERS [printed; discoloured card] // PARATYPE [printed; red card] // CURTONOTUM / saheliensis / n. sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1976 [handwritten & printed]” (MNHN). 1♂, 1♀ entirely missing from mount, but the ♂ abdomen and terminalia are stored in microvial pinned beneath specimen; 1♀, head & thorax only; 2♀, thorax only; 1♀, “Senegal / Linndé / 14-IX-1967 [handwritten] // MUSÉUM PARIS / Mission IFAN- MUSÉUM / A. DESCARPENTRIES, / T. LEYE et A. VILLIERS // PARATYPE [printed; red card] // CURTONOTUM / saheliensis / n. sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1976 [handwritten & printed]” [head missing] (MNHN). [ SUDAN]: 1♀, “ MUSEUM PARIS / SOUDAN / NIORO [= Niaro] / F. de ZELTNER 1909 [printed, black border] // SEPTEMBRE [printed, black border] // ♀ // PARATYPE [printed; red card] // CURTONOTUM / saheliensis / n. sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1976 [handwritten & printed]” [head missing] (MNHN).

Additional material examined (all labelled: “ Curtonotum saheliense Tsacas, 1977 ♂ [or ♀] det. A.H. Kirk- Spriggs 2006–2009”): [ CHAD]: 1♂, Wadi Ditila, Canton Dibininthi, 13°35'N, 15°18'E [Ditila], Ngouri Sous-prèf. Lac Prèf. , Tchad , 1.ix.1991, P.C. Matteson, Gambo, NMW.Z.1993–063, Curtonotum saheliensis Tsacas det. J.C. Deeming ’93 ( NMWC) GoogleMaps ; 1♂, Museum Paris, Kamen et Zone N., Asséchée du Tchad, Mao a Nguigmi (Mission Tilho), Dr. R. Gaillard, 1910, Septembre, Paris Museum ( MNHN) . GAMBIA: 7♂, 5♀, Gambia: N. Bank Division, Kaba District, Chogin [Kaba Kotor], 21.viii.1997, swept from groundnut crop, coll. D.J. Mann & B. A . Woodcock ( NMWC) ; 1♀, Gambia: N. Bank Div., Upper Baddibu Dist. , Passy Mut , tomato plot, 22.viii.1997, D.J. Mann ; 1♀, Gambia: Central River Div. (N), Naini Distr. , Sokuta [= Sukuta], sorghum field, 24.viii.1997, D.J. Mann ; 2♂, 1♀, same except: on pre-flowering sorghum w. heavy aphid infestation, 24.viii.1997, OUMNH –1998–006, D.J. Mann Colln. Pres. By Mann, Curtonotum saheliensis Tsacas 1♂ 2♀ det. J.C. Deeming ’98 (all OUMNH) . GHANA: 1♂, Ghana: Abofour , 2.iv.1966, leg [S.] Endrödy-Younga ( HNHM) . MALI: 2 (sex unknown), Mali: nr. Gao , 3.ix.1959, G. Popov, ex Schistocerca egg pods, Natural Resources Institute coll. BMNH (E) 1997–28 [with associated puparium] ( BMNH); 10♂, 6♀, Mali: Mourdiah , 3–12.x.1986, M. Matthews, NMW.Z.1987–144 ; 1♀, same except: 25.ix–3.x.1986 ( NMWC) . NIGERIA: 1♂, Nigeria, Igbetti, W. State : 7 Feb 1971, Col. J.T. Medler, DT-39, Paris Muséum ; 1♂, N. Nigeria, Zaria, Samaru , i–iii.1977, J.C. Deeming, leaf-cluttered vegetable garden ; 1♂, same except: 30.ix.1975; 1♂, same except: 8.ii.1977; 2♂, N. Nigeria, Kano, Kadawa , 28.ix.1974, J.L. Musa, ex cotton plot ; 2♂, N. Nigeria, Kano, Gumel , 26.ix.[19]74, J.L. Musa ; 3♂, N. Nigeria, Katsina Prov., Malumfashi , 25.ix.1974, J.L. Musa, ex groundnuts ; 1♂, N. Nigeria, Katsina Prov., Daura , 25.ix.1974, J.L. Musa, ex cowpea plot ; 2♂, Nigeria: Shagamu , K State, xii.1971, J.T. Medler Coll .; 1♂, N.W. Kantagna State [illegible], N. Nigeria, 10.xii.[19]74, M. A . Cornes (all MNHN) ; 1♂, N. Nigeria, Bauchi, Yankari Game Reserve , 30.i.1982, R. Brightwell, riverine woodland, NMW.Z.1981–125; same except : 1♂, 2.i.1982; 1♂, 3–6.iv.1981; 2♂, 27–28.ii.1982, Pteleopsis woodland; 1♂, 27–28.ii.1982, Transitional zone woodland to savanna (all NMWC) ; 1♂, Gadau, Nigeria, 12°N 10°E, iii.1933, Buxton & Lewis, burrow of porcupine, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine coll. BMNH (E) GoogleMaps 1996–140 (BMNH); 1♂, N. Nigeria-Kankiya Distr., Kankiya Prov. , Katsina, 20.ii.1965, Coll. L. Segers ( ZSM) . TOGO: 1♂, Togo: Région des Plateaux: SE of Anié, at river Anié near railway bridge, 07°44'19"N, 01°11'59"E, 10.iv. 2008, 150 m, M. v. Tschirnhaus, Tg 1865, Bank vegetation & leaf litter, swept, filled into eclector. ( Diopsidae mass occurrence on dicots.) [= Menzel: TOG17] [in spirit], BMSA (DNA) GoogleMaps #0008; 1♂, same except: [in spirit], BMSA (DNA) #0009 (both BMSA)

Distribution. Chad, Gambia, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Mali, Senegal, Sudan and Togo ( Fig. 327 View FIGURE 327 ). Tsacas (1977) regarded the species as being chiefly associated with the Sahel climatic zone. Records indicate, however, that it occurs predominantly in the Dry Savanna climatic zone or is transitional between this zone and the Sahel climatic zone. It occurs in a range of Potential Evapotranspiration zones, from 400–2400 m.

Bionomics. Occurring in 6 major habitat types; almost exclusively in the Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands vegetation type (Appendix III). Swarming on a hollow Baobab (as “tebeldi”) in Chad and from the burrows of Porcupine, in company with Curtonotum sao Tsacas , in Nigeria.

NMWC

National Museum of Wales

MNHN

Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle

HNHM

Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)

ZSM

Bavarian State Collection of Zoology

BMSA

National Museum Bloemfontein

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Diptera

Family

Curtonotidae

Genus

Curtonotum

Loc

Curtonotum saheliense Tsacas, 1977

Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H. & Wiegmann, Brian M. 2013
2013
Loc

Curtonotum saheliense

Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. 2008: 229
Meier, R. & Kotrba, M. & Barber, K. 1997: 16
2008
Loc

Curtonotum saheliense: Kirk-Spriggs (2008c: 248

Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. 2008: 248
2008
Loc

Curtonotum saheliense:

Meier, R. & Kotrba, M. & Barber, K. 1997: )
1997
Loc

Curtonotum saheliense

Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. 2008: 229
Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. & Freidberg, A. 2007: )
Meier, R. & Kotrba, M. & Barber, K. 1997: 16
1997
Loc

Curtonotum saheliense: Wirth and Tsacas (1980: 672)

Wirth, W. W. & Tsacas, L. 1980: )
1980
Loc

Curtonotum saheliensis: Tsacas, 1977: 161

Tsacas, L. 1977: 161
1977
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