DYNASTINA MacLeay

Rowland, J. Mark & Miller, Kelly B., 2012, Phylogeny and systematics of the giant rhinoceros beetles (Scarabaeidae: Dynastini), Insecta Mundi 2012 (263), pp. 1-15 : 9-10

Subtribe DYNASTINA MacLeay

Included genera. Augosoma Burmeister , Golofa Hope , Dynastes Kirby , Megasoma Kirby.

Description. Clypeus mesal margin: deeply emarginate in Augosoma , entire to slightly emarginate in Dynastes , widely emarginate in Megasoma and slightly emarginate in Golofa . Male cephalic horn apex: Acuminate in Augosoma , Dynastes and Golofa , bifurcate in Megasoma . Male cephalic horn armature: Denticulate in Augosoma , Dynastes and some Golofa , adenticulate in Megasoma and some Golofa , serrate in most Golofa ; armature is dorsal in all genera. Male cephalic horn length in longest-horned species: Long in all genera. Male cephalic horn length of shortest-horned species: Long in Augosoma , medium in Dynastes , short in Megasoma and Golofa . Female frons: Tuberculate and lateral in position in Augosoma and Megasoma , tuberculate and mesal in position in Dynastes and Golofa ; tubercles large in Augosoma and Megasoma and small in Dynastes and Golofa . Mandible incisor: Denticulate in Augosoma , Dynastes , Megasoma and some Golofa , adenticulate in other Golofa ; denticles asymmetrical and dominant denticle mesal in Augosoma , Dynastes and Megasoma , lateral in Golofa . Maxillary lacinia: Denticles mesally directed, usually number one to three in Augosoma , Dynastes and Megasoma , and four or more in most Golofa . Dorsal pronotum of major males: With single mesal horn or boss in Augosoma , Dynastes , Megasoma and most Golofa , and simply convex in some Golofa . Mesal pronotal horns apex: Apically bifurcate in Augosoma , Dynastes (even if inconsistently or minutely so), Megasoma and some Golofa , and apically acuminate in other Golofa . Mesal pronotum dense pilosity: Absent in Augosoma , present in Dynastes , Megasoma and Golofa . Mesal pronotal accessory horns: Paired lateral accessory horns present in Augosoma and most Dynastes , accessory horns absent in Megasoma , Golofa and one species of Dynastes . Male anterior ventrolateral pronotal apices: Not developed as horns in Augosoma , Dynastes and Golofa , developed as horns in Megasoma . Male pronotal horn length of longest-horned species: Long in Augosoma , Dynastes and Golofa , medium in Megasoma . Male pronotal horn length of shortest-horned species: Long in Augosoma , medium in Dynastes , absent in Megasoma and Golofa . Pronotal architecture of female: Vaguely complex in Augosoma , simply convex in Dynastes , Megasoma and Golofa . Pronotal integument of male: With some anastomosing sculpture in Augosoma , other genera without anastomosing sculpture. Pronotal integument of female: With considerable anastomosing sculpture in Augosoma and Dynastes ,

with little or no anastomosing sculpture in Megasoma and Golofa . Prolegs: Sexually dimorphic in Augosoma , Dynastes and some Megasoma and Golofa ; sexually monomorphic in some small Megasoma and Golofa . Elytra of female: Dorsal integument essentially as in male in Augosoma and Megasoma and some Dynastes and Golofa , significantly different from male in some Dynastes and Golofa . Dorsal integument color: Uniformly dark red/brown/black in Augosoma , some Dynastes and Megasoma , colored in some Dynastes and Golofa . Dorsal pilosity: No species conspicuously hirsute in Augosoma and Dynastes , one species conspicuously hirsute in Golofa , several species conspicuously hirsute in Megasoma . Paramere dorsal conjunction: Without interdigitating teeth in Augosoma , Dynastes and Golofa , with interdigitating teeth in Megasoma . Paramere apex: Lateral contours converging inward. Paramere apex setation: Long and conspicuous. Raspulae: With enlarged, sclerotized plate in Augosoma and spines in some Golofa , without such structures in Dynastes , Megasoma and most Golofa .