Pholiotina vexans (P.D. Orton) Bon, Docums Mycol.

Liu, Jing & Bau, Tolgor, 2018, New species and new records in the genus Conocybe (Bolbitaceae) from China, Phytotaxa 357 (4), pp. 261-274 : 270-272

Pholiotina vexans (P.D. Orton) Bon, Docums Mycol. 21 (no. 83): 39 (1991) Fig. 6 , 7D

≡ Conocybe vexans P.D. Orton, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 43(2): 197 (1960)

Description:—Pileus 1.5–2.5 cm broad, obtusely conicoal to campanulate-convex, then plano-convex, orange grey, grey orange, brownish orange, light brown, to orange-brown (5B2–3, 6C4–5, 6D7, 7D4– 5, 7E 5–6), with paler margin, translucently striate when moist, hygrophanous, on drying becoming pale orange to orange white (5A2–3), surface smooth. Context thin, concolorous with surface. Odor and taste weak, not distinctive. Lamellae in three series, crowded to rather crowded, adnate, ventricose, pale ochre at first, then yellow-brown to rusty brown with white edge. Stipe 5–6 × 0.2–0.3 cm, base cylindrical to subbulose, solid to hollow, covering with white slightly short floccose in apex, pruinuose above annulus, cream whitish to pale ochraceous at first, then yellow brown to brown. Annulus distinct, membranous, whitish or yellowish, straite-sulcate above, smooth below.

Basidiospores (8.7–)9.2–10.7(–11.2) × (4.8–)5.0–5.6(–5.9) μm, Q=(1.64)1.67–1.92(2), Q m =1.82±0.1, ellipsoid-oblong, brownish yellow to orange-brown, even burnt sienna in ammonia (5C8, 6C8, 7D8), thick-walled, with large apical germ pore. Contents monoguttulate to multiguttulate oil droplets. Basidia 17–24 × 7–10 μm, clavate, 4-spored. Hyaline contents, clamp-connection present. Cheilocystidia 21–51 × 7–14 μm, lageniform or sublageniform with obtusely subcylindrical or tapering neck. Pleurocystidia absent. Lamellae trama is parallel, consisting of cylindrical hyphae to inflatened hyphae 3.7–20 μm broad, hyaline to pale ochraceous. Stipe cuticle a thin cutis made up by cylindrical hyphae 2.5–12 μm broad, with hyaline to pale ocharaous thin-walled. Caulocystidia composed by irregular lageniform to subcylindrical with obtusely short broad neck or subglobose elements, utriformis. Clamp-connection present. Pileipellis 21–39 × 9–17 μm, an epithelioid hymeniderm, consisted by clavate and spheropedunculate elements, basal part with hyaline wall, brown. Pileocystidia not seen.Clamp-connection present.

Habit and habitat:—Saprotrophic, scattered, sometimes in groups, in human-rich soil in various forests, often in places among numerous grasses mixed with bush.

Distribution:—British ( Orton 1960), Netherlands (Arnolds 2005), Hungary ( Tóth et al. 2013), Russia (Malysheva 2011), China.

Examined specimens:— China, Jilin Provence, Erdao Bai He County, Changbai mountain, Laoshanmen Park, August 26 th 2016, Jing Liu & Yu-peng Ge HMJAU42439.

Note:— Pholiotina vexans is similar to Conocybe arrheni (Fr.) Kits van Wav. for their similar colour of pileus and annulus on stipe, but C. arrheni is characteristic by smaller spores and various cheilocystidia including subcylindrical or narrow lageniform with long neck, occasionally subcapitate ( Watling 1970).

100% similarity has been revealed between this new record and the specimen submitted to GenBank by Tóth et al. (2013) with regard to the ITS BLAST result, and they are grouped together in Figure 1 .

Pholiotina vexans is contained in the clade C with Conocybe utricystidiata called as Pholiotina utricystidita Enderle & H.-J. Hübner (Enderle, M., & Hübner, H. J.1999) earlier, Pholiotina indica , and P. teneroides (J.E. Lange) Singer named C. blattaria (Fr.) Kühner now ( Watling 1970), while microscopic features are enough to distinguish them. C. utricystidita is clarified by cheilocystidia composed by utriform and broadly clavate elements (Arnolds 2005). Pholiotina teneroides is distinguished by 2-spored basidia (Arnolds 2005). Pholiotina indica is easy to be separated by smaller spores 7–9 × 4–6 μm and utriform, clavate, oblong cheilocystidia ( Thomas et al. 2001).

Pholiotina vexans is proposed in this study, as species in this clade all have distinctive annulus on the stipe and cheilocystidia that is never lecythiform ( Tóth et al. 2013).

Russia materials have distinctly wrinkled pileus and larger basidiaspores 10.8–13.0 × 6.2–7.0 μm compared with Chinese records, feature of the wrinkle pileus was not seen in Chinese materials (Malysheva 2011).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Bayesian analyses tree from ITS sequences data. Outgroup in this phylogenetic tree is Bolbitius reticulatus (Pers.) Ricken. New species and new records are bold.

FIGURE 6. Pholiotina vexans HMJAU42439A) Basidiomata B) Basidiospores C) Basidia D)Cheilocystidia E)Caulocystidia F) Pileipellis Bars:A=1 cm; B–F=10 μm. Illustration by Jing Liu.

FIGURE 7. A) Conoybe cylindrospora (HMJAU42440) B) Conocybe serrata (HMJAU42442). C) Conocybe fuscimarginata (HMJAU42438) D)Pholiotina vexans (HMJAU42439) Bars: a and d=10 mm. photo a–b by Yu-peng Ge; photo c and d by Tolgor Bau.