Cylapus ruficeps Bergroth, 1922

Wolski, Andrzej, 2017, Taxonomic review of the plant bug genera Amapacylapus and Cylapus with descriptions of two new species and a key to the genera of Cylapini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 57 (2), pp. 399-455 : 436-438

Cylapus ruficeps Bergroth, 1922

( Figs 46, 47, 61 , 95, 96, 102–106 )

Cylapus ruficeps Bergroth, 1922: 2 (new species).

Cylapus ruficeps: CARVALHO & FONTES (1968) : 275 (list); SCHUH (1976):9, 20, Fig. 38 (discussion); SCHUH (1995): 24 (catalog); KERZHNER & KONSTANTINOV (1999): 121, 122, Fig. 9 (male genitalia); GORCZYCA (2006b): 16 (catalog); SCHUH (2013) (online catalog).

Cylapus (Cylapus) ruficeps: CARVALHO (1957) : 30 (catalog).

Type material (not examined). PERU: CUZCO: HOLOTYPE: J, “Peru (Callanga)” ( Fig. 46) ( NHRS).

Material examined. BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: J, “ Brazil: Amazonas: Reserva Ducke , 25 kmNNE Manaus , 120 m., July 26, 1973, R. T. Schuh” ( AMNH) ; 2 ♀♀, “Brazil:Amazonas: Reserva Ducke, 25 kmNNE Manaus , 120 m., July 26, 1973, R. T. Schuh ” ( AMNH) ; ♀, “ Brazil: Amazonas: Reserva Ducke , 25 km NNE Manaus, 120 m., July 26, 1973, R. T. Schuh ” ( AMNH). PARÁ: ♀, “Santarem, 10.VIII.19, Brazil, HS Parish Collr; H. H. Knight Collection 1976” ( USNM) . COLOMBIA: VAUPÉS: 1 ♀, “Mitu-Vaupes, Colombia, 6/17–July–90, leg. L. E. Peña ” ( USNM) . ECUADOR: ORELLANA: 1 ♀, “ Ecuador: Napo, Res. Ethnica Waorani, 16 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Trans Ent. , 4 Oct. 1994, 220 m, 00º39′10″S; 76º26′00″W, T. L. Erwin, et al.; Insecticidal fogging of mostly bare green leaves, some with covering of lichenous or bryophytic plants in terre firme forest. At Trans. 1, Sta. 8 Project Maxus, Lot 857” ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, “ Ecuador: Napo: Res. Ethnica Waorani, 16 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Trans Ent. , 4 Oct. 1984, 220 m, 00º39′10″S; 76º26′00″W, T. L. Erwin, et al.; Insecticidal fogging of mostly bare green leaves, some with covering of lichenous or bryophytic plants in terre firme forest, Lot 728” ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, “ Ecuador: Napo: Tiputini Biodiversity Station , 216 m, 00º37′55″S; 76º08′39″W, 21 Oct. 1998, T.L.Erwin, et al. collectors; Insecticidal fogging of mostly bare green leaves, some with covering of lichenous or bryophytic plants in terre firme forest, Lot 1986, Trans.T–9” ( USNM) . VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: ♀, “Venezuela, T. F.Amaz., Cerro de la Neblina Basecamp , 140 m, 0º50′N, 66º10′W, 27 February 1985; P.J. & P.M. Spangler, R.A. Faitoute, W.E. Steiner collectors” ( USNM) ; 3 JJ 1 ♀, “Venezuela, T. F. Amaz., Cerro de la Neblina Basecamp , 140 m, 0º50′N, 66º10′W, 20 February 1985; On bark of cut timber with bracket fungi; rainforest, W. E. Steiner collector” ( USNM) ( Fig. 47, ♀) .

Diagnosis. Recognized by the following combination of characters: antennal segment II in both sexes thinner than segment I ( Figs 46, 47); head entirely brown to dark red ( Figs 46, 47, 61 ); corium with two yellow patches medially ( Figs 46, 47); endosoma with es1 short and stout, basal three fourths with weakly arcuate margins, without denticles; apical one fourth round, serrate; es2 short and thin, with weakly sinuate margins, its sinistrolateral margin serrate; es3 ovoid in basal one third, narrowed medially and strongly broadened and serrate apically; es4 long, arcuate, sharply pointed ( Fig. 102 ); left paramere with sensory lobe weakly developed ( Fig. 104 ).

Most similar to C. citus in sharing the black corium with yellow, transverse patch medially ( Figs 40–42, 46, 47 ). It can, however, be easily distinguished by the head coloration and the shape of the male genitalia.

Redescription. Male (composite description based on BERGROTH 1922 and the specimens mentioned below). Coloration ( Figs 46, 47, 61 ). Dorsum fuscous black with red and yellow areas. Head brown to dark red; medial portion of frons and clypeus usually fuscous; antennal segment I black; segment II varying from dirty yellow with relatively broad, blackish annulation apically to entirely black; segment III black with yellow annulation basally to entirely black; segment IV black; labium dark brown to black. Thorax. Pronotum varying from dark brown to black; collar contrastingly yellow; calli sometimes dark reddish; humeral angle narrowly yellow. Mesoscutum and scutellum dark castaneous to black; scutellum narrowly yellow apically. Thoracic pleura proepisternum and anterior one third of proepimeron castaneous, weakly tinged with yellow; posterior two thirds of proepimeron and remaining pleura dark brown to black; metepisternum sometimes broadly tinged with yellow; metathoracic scent gland evaporative areas yellow. Hemelytron varying from fuscous to black with yellow areas; exocorium with oblique, yellow stripes medially, endocorium with short, longitudinal, yellow stripe medially, sometimes both stripes fused forming broad, oblique stripe medially; apical half of clavus with distinct, longitudinal, yellow stripe medially; apical margin of corium and basal margin of cuneus contrastingly yellow. Legs dark brown to black; tibia with broad, yellow annulation subapically. Structure, texture and vestiture ( Figs 46, 47, 61 ). Head covered with relatively long, erect setae; antennal segment I covered with thin, erect and semirecumbent setae, weakly broadened toward apex; segment II cylindrical, thinner than segment I. Thorax. Pronotum covered with relatively long, erect setae; calli weakly developed. Scutellum convex, covered with relatively long, erect setae. Hemelytron covered with short, semirecumbent setae. Male genitalia ( Figs 102–106 ). Aedeagus ( Fig. 102 ). Endosoma with four sclerites (es1–es4): es1 short and stout, basal three fourths with weakly arcuate margins, without denticles; apical one fourth round, serrate; es2 short and thin, with weakly sinuate margins, its sinistrolateral margin serrate; es3 ovoid at basal one third, narrowed medially and strongly broadened and serrate apically; es4 long, arcuate, sharply pointed. Left paramere ( Figs 103–105 ). Apical process in dorsal view with dorsal margin concave at proximal half and convex at distal half, ventral margin weakly convex medially, extreme apex thin and tapering; paramere body with outer margin straight and inner margin arcuate; sensory lobe weakly developed. Right paramere ( Fig. 106 ). Apical process short, obtuse; paramere body with apical half crescentlike and basal half sinuate sinistrolaterally and arcuate dextrolaterally.

Female. Similar to male in coloration, structure, texture, and vestiture.

Measurements (in mm). J / ♀. Body. Length: 6.00–6.10 / 5.70–6.70, width: 2.00–2.10 / 2.40–2.80. Head. Length: 0.50–0.60 / 0.50–0.60, width: 1.20–1.30 / 1.20–1.30, interocular distance: 0.45–0.60 / 0.50–0.60. Antenna. Length of segment I: 1.40–1.50 / 1.40–1.60, II: 2.80–3.00 / 2.50–2.60, III: 4.40 / 3.50–3.80, IV: 3.45–4.50 / 4.00–5.00. Labium. Length of segment I: 0.90 / 0.95–1.10, II: 0.90–1.10 / 0.90–1.00, III: 0.90–1.10 / 0.95–1.20, IV: 0.50–0.60 / 0.40–0.50. Pronotum. Length: 0.50–0.60 / 0.95–1.10, width of anterior margin: 1.10–1.40 / 1.00–1.30, length of lateral margin: 1.00–1.10 / 1.00–1.15, width of posterior margin: 2.10–2.20 / 1.95–2.10.

Biology. It was observed feeding on fungi (Pyrenomycetes) in Brazil ( SCHUH 1976). Specimens examined in this paper were collected using insecticidal fogging of mostly bare green leaves, some with covering of lichenous or bryophytic plants in terre firme forest, or on bark of cut timber with bracket fungi in a rainforest.

Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Pará) ( SCHUH 1976, this paper), Colombia (Vaupés) (this paper), Ecuador (Orellana) (this paper), Peru (Cuzco), Venezuela (Amazonas) (this paper).

Figures

Figs 56–65. Lateral view of Cylapus species: 56 – C. amazonicus Carvalho, 1989 (J); 57 – C. antennatus Carvalho & Fontes, 1968 (J); 58 – C. citus Bergroth, 1922 (♀); 59 – C. luridus sp. nov. (J); 60 – C. marginicollis (Distant, 1883) (J); 61 – C. ruficeps Bergroth, 1922 (♀); 62 – C. stellatus (Distant, 1883) (♀); 63 – C. striatus Reuter, 1907 (♀); 64 – C. tenuicornis (Say, 1832) (J); 65 – C. tucuruiensis Carvalho, 1989 (J).

Figs 97–106. Male genitalia of Cylapus marginicollis (Distant, 1883) (97–101) and C. ruficeps Bergroth, 1922 (102–106): 97, 102 – endosoma; 98, 103 – left paramere (dorsal view); 99, 104 – left paramere (right lateral view); 100, 105 – apical process of left paramere; 101, 106 – right paramere (left lateral view). Abbreviations: bpr = basal process; dss = sclerotized portion of ductus seminis inside endosoma; es1–4 = endosomal sclerites 1–4; pb = paramere body; sg = secondary gonopore; sl = sensory lobe. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs 36–40. Dorsal habitus photographs of Cylapus species: 36 – C. amazonicus Carvalho, 1989 (J); 37–39 – C. antennatus Carvalho & Fontes, 1968 (37 – J holotype, 38 – J, 39 – ♀); 40 – C. citus Bergroth, 1922 (J).

Figs 8–11. Scanning electron micrographs of Amapacylapus amapariensis Carvalho & Fontes, 1968: 8 – dorsal habitus; 9 – lateral view; 10 – thoracic pleura; 11 – protarsus.Abbreviations: ea = evaporative areas; msp = metathoracic spiracle; pc = posterior carina; per = peritreme.