Drosophila saltans, Sturtevant, 1916

Roman, Bruna Emilia & Madi-Ravazzi, Lilian, 2021, Male terminalia morphology of sixteen species of the Drosophila saltans group Sturtevant (Diptera, Drosophilidae), Zootaxa 5061 (3), pp. 523-544 : 525

Descriptions saltans subgroup

( Figs. 1–7 )

General description of male terminalia. The epandrium, cerci and surstyli are very similar among species. The dorso-ventral portion of the epandrium is angular. The epandrium is covered with short and long epandrial bristles. The cercus displays a U-shaped contour, and it is covered with cercal bristles. The middle ventral border of the epandrium has a pair of prolongations, named epandrial extension, which extend below each surstylus. The surstyli exhibit a semi-elliptical shape. The surstyli have thorn-like bristles, named surstylar teeth. These structures can range from 20 to 25 and are irregularly arranged throughout the internal portion of each surstylus. Beyond these, the surstyli display each 5-6 primary teeth that are arranged in a row on the lower edge, and they also present a tuft of long bristles, named surstylar long bristles. These species present an aedeagal sheath (aedeagus cape). This structure dorsally surrounds the aedeagus and it is extremely sclerotized. The phallus displays a pair of ventral postgonites (ventral prolongation), which extend from where the aedeagus intersects with the phallapodeme and a pair of aedeagal ventral processes, which are in parallel and on the side of the aedeagus. The phallapodeme is long.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs of D. prosaltans male terminalia. (A) Ventral and dorsal view of terminalia (590 x magnification). (B) Ventral view of aedeagus and phallapodeme (707 x magnification). (C) Lateral and dorsal view of aedeagus (1.230 x magnification). (D) Ventral view of aedeagus and hypandrium (635 x magnification). The imagens are from P2 (A, C, D) and P3 (B) strains. Abbreviations in Table 1.

FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of D. saltans male terminalia. (A) Lateral view of terminalia (505 x magnification). (B) Ventral view of aedeagus and hypandrium (594 x magnification). (C) Lateral view of aedeagus and phallapodeme (620 x magnification). (D) Dorsal view of terminalia (501 x magnification). (E) Dorsal view of aedeagus (1.360 x magnification). The imagens are from S4 strain. Abbreviations in Table 1.

FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of D. lusaltans male terminalia. (A) Ventral view of terminalia (683 x magnification). (B) Lateral view of aedeagus.Arrow heads = an apical groove that isolates two lateral protuberances on the aedeagal apex (1.030 x magnification). (C) Lateral view of aedeagus (933 x magnification). (D) Ventral view of aedeagus and hypandrium (747 x magnification). The imagens are from B44 strain. Abbreviations in Table 1.

FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of D. austrosaltans male terminalia. (A) Ventral and dorsal view of terminalia (512 x magnification). (B) Ventral view of aedeagus (1.310 x de magnification). (C) Ventral view of aedeagus and hypandrium (676 x magnification). (D) Lateral view of aedeagus and phallapodeme. Arrow heads = chitinized crests on the aedeagal sheath (707 x magnification). The imagens are from A2 strain. Abbreviations in Table 1.

FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of D. septentriosaltans male terminalia. (A) Ventral and dorsal view of terminalia (574 x magnification). (B) Frontal view of aedeagus (1.900 x magnification). (C) Dorsal view of terminalia (1.210 x magnification). (D) Lateral view of aedeagus and phallapodeme.Arrow heads = chitinized crests on the aedeagal sheath. (765 x magnification). The imagens are from SEP strain. Abbreviations in Table 1.

FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of D. nigrosaltans male terminalia. (A) Ventral and dorsal view of terminalia (508 x magnification). (B) Lateral view of aedeagus and phallapodeme (849 x magnification). (C) Lateral view of aedeagus (1.060 x magnification). (D) Lateral view of aedeagus (910 x magnification). (E) Ventral view of aedeagus (1.300 x magnification). The imagens are from NIG strain. Abbreviations in Table 1.

FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of D. pseudosaltans male terminalia. (A) Ventral view of terminalia (576 x magnification). (B) Lateral view of aedeagus and phallapodeme (747 x magnification). (C) Ventral view of terminalia (532 x magnification). (D) Lateral view of aedeagus (1.210 x magnification). (E) Ventral view of terminalia and aedeagal apex (975 x magnification). The imagens are from PSE strain. Abbreviations in Table 1.