Hemirrhagus franckei, Mendoza Marroquín, 2014

Mendoza Marroquín, Jorge I., 2014, Taxonomic revision of Hemirrhagus Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae), with description of five new species from Mexico, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 170 (4), pp. 634-689 : 674-678

HEMIRRHAGUS FRANCKEI SP. NOV.

( FIGS 1L , 2E , 39A–L , 40A–D , 41A–I , 49 )

Type material: Holotype ♂ CNAN-T0776 , MEXICO: Oaxaca, Mpio. Huautla de Jímenez, 4 km west of Puerto de la Soledad, 10.xii.2011, col. J. Mendoza, G. Contreras, E. Hijmensen and E. Goyer; paratype ♀ CNAN-T0777 , MEXICO: Oaxaca, Mpio. Huautla de Jímenez , 4 km west of Puerto de la Soledad , 11.ix.2010, col. O. Francke, A. Valdez, J. Cruz and D. Barrales; paratype ♀ CNAN-T0778 , MEXICO: Oaxaca, Mpio. Huautla de Jímenez , 4 km west of Puerto de la Soledad , 10.xii.2011, col. J. Mendoza, G. Contreras, E. Hijmensen and E. Goyer.

Additional material examined: 1 ♂ immature CNAN- 3487, MEXICO: Oaxaca, Mpio. Huautla de Jímenez, 4 km west of Puerto de la Soledad , 11.ix.2010, col. O. Francke, A. Valdez, J. Cruz and D. Barrales.

Diagnosis: The following character combination is diagnostic for H. franckei sp. nov. Male palpal bulb with slender embolus, similar in length to tegulum, SA retrolaterally extended, ends at embolus retrolateral face ( Fig. 40A, C ), VG shallow ( Fig. 40B ); embolus strongly curved retrolaterally on distal half ( Fig. 40C, D ). Metatarsus I curved ( Fig. 39J ). Ocular tubercle and eyes normally developed, periocular pigmentation complete ( Figs 39C , 41E ). With stridulatory setae conformed by SP on retrolateral face of palp trochanter and PL on prolateral face of trochanter I ( Figs 39K, L , 41G, H ). Urticating setae arranged in one dorsomedian patch, platinum in colour, without well-defined posterior margin ( Figs 39E , 41C ). Spermathecae paired, slightly fused at the base, receptacles curved outwards from the base ( Fig. 41I ). Hemirrhagus franckei sp. nov. differs from most Hemirrhagus species by the stridulatory setae being conformed by SP and PL. It differs from H. pernix by metatarsus I being straight and by the most numerous PL being on trochanter I prolateral face. It differs from H. nahuanus by the ocular tubercle being normally developed, periocular pigmentation being complete, and by the Pap having only one spinose seta.

Etymology: The specific name is a patronym in honour of Oscar F. Francke Ballve for his contribution to the knowledge of Mexican arachnology.

Description: Holotype male CNAN-T0776 ( Figs 1L , 39A–L , 40A–D ): body length 20.76 (not including chelicerae and spinnerets), carapace 8.80 long, 8.45 wide. Caput not markedly elevated; fovea recurved, 1.30 wide ( Fig. 39A ).

Eyes: anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Periocular pigmentation complete and all eyes normally developed. Eye sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.30; ALE 0.375; PME 0.225; PLE 0.325; AME–AME 0.175; AME–ALE 0.01; PME–PME 0.525; PME–PLE 0.05; ALE–PLE 0.10. Ocular tubercle normally developed, width 1.4, length 0.875; clypeus lacking ( Fig. 39C ). Labium length 1.15, width 1.58; with 42 cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with approximately 101 cuspules ( Fig. 39D ). Cheliceral promargin with 11 teeth (proximal to distal: first small, second-eleventh large) ( Fig. 39F ). Sternum length 3.8. Sigillae oval, second, third, and fourth pairs hardly visible; fourth pair once its length from the margin ( Fig. 39B, G ).

Leg formula: IV, I, III, II. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 7.47, 4.80, 5.77, 6.76, 5.76, 30.56. II: 7.13, 3.58, 5.39, 6.33, 5.03, 27.46. III: 7.42, 3.41, 5.80, 7.59, 5.67, 29.89. IV: 8.92, 4.29, 7.68, 10.40, 6.56, 37.85. Palp: 4.99, 3.51, 5.10, -, 2.42, 16.02. Spinnerets: PMS, 0.7 long, 0.3 apart; PLS, 1.3 basal, 1.1 middle, 1.6 distal.

Scopulae: tarsi I–IV densely scopulate, III divided by narrow band of setae, IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi I and II densely scopulate; III scopulate on distal half, divided by narrow band of setae; IV scopulate on distal half, divided by strong band of setae.

Tibia I with two apophyses, which do not originate from a common base, Pap normally developed, with one large spinose seta on ventral face, spinose seta slightly exceeds the apex of Pap; Rap normally developed, broad at its base with one short and wide spinose seta on dorsal face, spinose seta slightly exceeds the apex of Rap ( Fig. 39H, I ). Metatarsus I straight ( Fig. 39J ).

Stridulatory setae: located on palpal trochanter retrolateral face, positioned proximally, with c. 11 SP of similar size without an orderly arrangement ( Fig. 39K ). Trochanter I with c. 20 PL on prolateral face ( Fig. 39L ).

Legs and palpi LSC in: palp femur prolateral and retrolateral faces; leg I coxa prolateral and retrolateral faces, femur prolateral face; leg II coxa prolateral face.

Chaetotaxy (left side): femora I 1p; II 1p, 1r; III 2p, 2r; IV 2p, 2r; palp 1p; patellae III 1p; IV 1p; tibiae I 2p, 7v; II 2p, 8v; III 2p, 7v, 3r; IV 5p, 7v, 3r; palp 1p, 3v, 2r; metatarsi I 3v; II 4v; III 1d, 3p, 11v, 2r; IV 2d, 4p, 9v, 4r.

Palp: embolus slender, similar in length to tegulum, SA retrolaterally extended, ends at embolus retrolateral face, VG shallow. Embolus strongly curved retrolaterally on distal half ( Fig. 40A–D ).

Urticating setae: type VI arranged in one dorsomedian patch, platinum in colour, without welldefined posterior margin ( Fig. 39E ) .

Colour pattern: In live specimens colour is black, except the urticating setae ( Fig. 1L ).

Paratype female CNAN-T0777 ( Fig. 41A–I ): body length 24.79 (not including chelicerae and spinnerets), carapace 8.7 long, 8.4 wide. Caput not markedly elevated; fovea straight, 2.17 wide ( Fig. 41A ).

Eyes: anterior eye row straight to slightly procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Periocular pigmentation complete and all eyes normally developed. Eye sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.20; ALE 0.43; PME 0.27; PLE 0.37; AME–AME 0.20; AME–ALE 0.13; PME–PME 0.57; PME–PLE 0.07; ALE–PLP 0.13. Ocular tubercle normally developed, width 1.53, length 0.93; clypeus lacking ( Fig. 41E ). Labium length 1.2, width 4.3; with 37 cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with approximately 107 cuspules ( Fig. 41F ). Cheliceral promargin with 12 teeth (proximal to distal: first small, second-fourth large, fifth-seventh medium, eighth-twelfth large) ( Fig. 41D ). Sternum length 3.75. Sigillae oval, third and fourth pairs hardly visible; fourth pair one and a half its length from the margin ( Fig. 41B ).

Leg formula: IV, I, III, II. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 7.44, 4.13, 5.93, 4.88, 4.51, 26.89. II: 6.70, 3.48, 5.13, 5.13, 4.18, 24.98. III: 6.63, 3.66, 5.10, 6.55, 4.51, 26.45. IV: 8.92, 3.96, 7.44, 9.63, 5.71, 35.66. Palp: 5.72, 3.31, 4.47, -, 4.29, 17.79. Spinnerets: PMS, 0.8 long, 0.5 apart; PLS, 1.6 basal, 1.1 middle, 1.8 distal.

Scopulae: tarsi I–IV densely scopulate, I and II divided by narrow band of setae, III and IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi I and II densely scopulate, II divided by narrow row of setae; III scopulate on distal half, divided by narrow row setae; IV scopulate on distal third, divided by strong row of setae.

Stridulatory setae: located on palpal trochanter retrolateral face, positioned proximally, with c. 30 SP of different size without an orderly arrangement ( Fig. 41H ). Trochanter I with c. 30 PL on prolateral face, not as wide as in males ( Fig. 41G ).

Legs and palpi LSC in: palp femur prolateral and retrolateral faces; leg I coxa prolateral and retrolateral faces, femur prolateral face; leg II coxa prolateral face.

Chaetotaxy (left side): femora I 1p; II 1p; III 2p, 2r; IV 1p, 1r; palp 2p; patellae none; tibiae I 1p, 3v; II 2p, 4v; III 2p, 7v, 2r; IV 2p, 7v, 3r; palp 1p, 6v; metatarsi I 1v; II 4v; III 3p, 7v, 2r; IV 3d, 3p, 8v, 2r.

Genitalia: spermathecae paired, slightly fused at the base, curved outwards from the base; each receptacle longer than wide and slender throughout its length ( Fig. 41I ).

Urticating setae: type VI arranged in one dorsomedian patch, platinum in colour, without welldefined posterior margin ( Fig. 41C ).

Colour pattern: in live specimens colour is black, except the urticating setae.

Distribution and natural history: Known only from type locality near Huautla de Jiménez, Oaxaca, Mexico ( Fig. 49 ). The species inhabits pine forest, living under fallen logs ( Fig. 2E ).

Figures

Figure 1. A–H, J–L, Hemirrhagus spp. habitus; I, Hemirrhagus papalotl egg-sac. A, Hemirrhagus chilango, male CNAN 4253, in life; B, C, Hemirrhagus eros, B, female, C, male; D, E, Hemirrhagus ocellatus, D, male CNAN 4457, in life, E, female; F, Hemirrhagus benzaa sp. nov., female; G–I, H. papalotl, G, male CNAN 4461, in life, H, female CNAN 4461, in life, I, female CNAN 4459 with fixed hammock egg-sac, in life; J, K, Hemirrhagus stygius, J, male CNAN 4462, in life, K, female CNAN 4462, in life; L, Hemirrhagus franckei sp. nov., holotype male CNAN-T0776, in life. Photos: A, C, D, E, G–K: J. Mendoza; B, F, L: E. Goyer.

Figure 2. A–C, Hemirrhagus spp. habitus; D–K, habitat. A, B, Hemirrhagus embolulatus sp. nov., A, holotype male CNAN-T0774, in life, B, paratype female CNAN-T0775, in life; C, Hemirrhagus valdezi sp. nov., paratype female CNAN-T0780, in life; D, Cueva de la Peña Blanca entrance, type locality of Hemirrhagus ocellatus; E, 4 km west of Puerto de la Soledad, pine forest, type locality of Hemirrhagus franckei sp. nov.; F, Bosque del ajusco, pine forest, locality of Hemirrhagus chilango; G, Valle de los fantasmas, oak forest on the road to Cueva de la Laguna, type locality of Hemirrhagus elliotti; H, Cueva de los Potrerillos entrance, type locality of Hemirrhagus stygius; I, Paradero Puerta del Sol, pine forest, locality of Hemirrhagus benzaa sp. nov.; J, Omiltemi, tropical forest-pine forest ecotone, type locality of H. embolulatus sp. nov.; K, El punto, type locality of Hemirrhagus eros. Photos: A: M. Gamache; B, E, I, K: E. Goyer; C: L. Vazquez; D, F, J: J. Mendoza; G, H: J. Cruz.

Figure 39. Hemirrhagus franckei sp. nov., male holotype CNAN-T0776. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection of the coxa (RP) on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth legs). C, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D, labial and maxillary cuspules. E, opisthosoma, dorsal view. F, cheliceral teeth, ventral view. G, sternum. H, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. I, tibial apophyses, ventral view. J, metatarsus I, prolateral view. K, palp trochanter spiniform setae (SP), retrolateral view. L, trochanter I plumose setae (PL), ventral view. Scale bars = 2 mm (A, B, E, G, J), 1 mm (C, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (K, L).

Figure 40. Hemirrhagus franckei sp. nov., male holotype CNAN-T0776. Left palpal bulb. A, retrolateral view. B, prolateral view. C, ventral view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: SA, subapical keel; VG, ventral groove. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 41. Hemirrhagus franckei sp. nov., female paratype CNAN-T0777. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection of the coxa (RP) on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth legs). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, cheliceral teeth, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial cuspules. G, trochanter I plumose setae (PL), ventral view. H, palp trochanter spiniform setae (SP), retrolateral view. I, spermathecae, ventral view. Scale bars = 4 mm (C), 2 mm (A, B), 1 mm (D–H), 0.5 mm (I).

Figure 49. Known distribution of Hemirrhagus mitchelli (Gertsch, 1982), Hemirrhagus puebla (Gertsch, 1982), Hemirrhagus ocellatus Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, Hemirrhagus gertschi Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, Hemirrhagus valdezi sp. nov., Hemirrhagus pernix (Ausserer, 1875), Hemirrhagus franckei sp. nov., Hemirrhagus reddelli (Gertsch, 1973), Hemirrhagus benzaa sp. nov., and Hemirrhagus guichi sp. nov.