Taeniogonalos Schulz, 1906

Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish & Santhosh, S., 2022, A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species, Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24), pp. 1153-1185 : 1155-1157

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7051684
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E07D1E-FFF9-9230-FE77-356AC919333A
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Taeniogonalos Schulz, 1906
status

Treatment

Genus Taeniogonalos Schulz, 1906

Taeniogonalos Schulz, 1906: 212 . Type species (by monotypy): Trigonalys maculata Smith, 1851

Labidogonalos Schulz, 1906: 207 . Type species (by monotypy): Trigonalys ornata Smith, 1851

Poecilogonalos Schulz, 1906: 212 . Type species (by monotypy): Trigonalys thwaitesii Westwood, 1874

Nanogonalos Schulz, 1906: 211 . Type species (by monotypy): Nanogonalos enderleini De Santis, 1980

Ischnogonalos Schulz, 1907: 11 . Type species (by monotypy): Trigonalys dubia Magretti, 1997

Lycogastroides Strand, 1912: 129 . Type species (by original designation): Lycogastroides gracilicornis Strand, 1912

Lycogonalos Bischoff, 1913: 155 . Type species (by original designation): Lycogonalos flavicincta Bischoff, 1913

Taiwanogonalos Tsuneki, 1991: 35 . Type species (by original designation): Taiwanogonalos alishana Tsuneki, 1991

Diagnosis

Antenna filiform with 21–26 segments, male with linear tyloids on 10th–16th or 11th–16th antennomeres; supra-antennal elevations reduced, well separated; temple usually punctate; fore wing often with subapical dark patch; second metasomal sternite expanded, often with armature; third metasomal sternite with armature in T. subtruncata .

Biology

Reared as hyperparasitoids of parasitoid wasps ( Ichneumonidae and Braconidae ) and parasitoid flies ( Tachinidae ) in caterpillars, but some species are primary parasitoids of pergid sawflies ( Pergidae ) in Australia ( Raff 1934; Carne 1969; He and Chen 1986; Weinstein and Austin 1995; Carmean and Kimsey 1998; Chen et al. 2014). Interestingly, two species, Taeniogonalos henicospili (Rohwer) (= T. kerala (Ayyar)) and T. gestroi (Schulz) , attack the same host, Enicospilus rufus (Brullé, 1846) ( Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae ), even after being strikingly congeneric.

Distribution

Taeniogonalos is the most widely distributed of all trigonalid genera, and is found everywhere trigonalids occur, except Europe. Most species are from eastern Asia and South America.

Key to Indian species of Taeniogonalos Schulz

1. Scutellum unicoloured yellow-orange or yellow ( Figure 5b View Figures 5 ); second sternite of ♀ produced medio-posteriorly ( Figures 5d and f View Figures 5 ); [middle lobe of mesoscutum bicoloured] ..................................................................................................... T. fulvoscutellata (Ayyar)

– Scutellum bicoloured ( Figures 2b View Figures 2 , 7b View Figures 7 and 10b View Figures 10 ); second sternite of ♀ truncate medioposteriorly ( Figures 2e, 2h View Figures 2 , 7d View Figures 7 , 10d, 10f View Figures 10 , 12h View Figures 12 and 15e View Figures 15 ) ........................................................ 2

2. Vertex and frons sublaterally with large shiny interspaces wider than fine punctures ( Figures 8b View Figures 8 and 9d View Figures 9 ); ocelli comparatively small ( Figures 8b View Figures 8 and 9d View Figures 9 ); [middle lobe of mesoscutum tricoloured] .................................................................................. T. kerala (Ayyar)

– Vertex and frons laterally with small and less shiny interspaces narrower than coarser punctures ( Figures 1d View Figures 1 , 6d and 6e View Figures 6 ), but about equal in T. thwaitesii ( Figure 14c View Figures 14 ); ocelli comparatively large ( Figures 1d View Figures 1 , 6d and 6e View Figures 6 ) ............................................................................ 3

3. Apex of metasoma of ♀ conspicuously setose ( Figure 2f View Figures 2 ); middle lobe of mesoscutum tricoloured ( Figure 2b View Figures 2 ); pale apical band of second metasomal sternite narrow medially ( Figure 2h View Figures 2 ); laterally frons white anteriorly and remainder mainly black ( Figure 1d View Figures 1 ); [second metasomal tergite with limited yellow pattern ( Figure 1g View Figures 1 ); antenna brown or yellow-brown basally ( Figures 1a and 1b View Figures 1 )]................................................ .................................................. T. ayyari Binoy, van Achterberg and Girish Kumar , sp. nov.

– Apex of metasoma of ♀ normally less setose ( Figures 7d View Figures 7 , 15b and 15e View Figures 15 ), but moderately setose in T. latae sp. nov. ( Figure 12f View Figures 12 ); middle lobe of mesoscutum bicoloured ( Figures 7b View Figures 7 , 12b View Figures 12 and 14d View Figures 14 ); pale apical band of second metasomal sternite comparatively wide ( Figures 7f View Figures 7 and 15e View Figures 15 ); laterally frons yellow ( Figures 6d View Figures 6 and 14c View Figures 14 ) ............. 4

4. Yellow band of second tergite broad centrally ( Figure 15d View Figures 15 ); antenna basally yellow/ pale brown ( Figures 14a and 14b View Figures 14 ); head and body tricoloured: dark brown-black/midbrown/yellow ( Figures 14a–e View Figures 14 and 15a–e View Figures 15 ) ................................. T. thwaitesii (Westwood)

– Yellow band of second tergite narrow medially ( Figures 7e View Figures 7 and 12h View Figures 12 ); antenna basally brown ( Figure 11b View Figures 11 ) or black touched with yellow ( Figures 6b and 6e View Figures 6 ); head and body bicoloured: dark brown/yellow ( Figures 11a–e View Figures 11 and 12a–h View Figures 12 ) or black/yellow ( Figures 6a–e View Figures 6 and 7a–f View Figures 7 )........................................................................................................................................ 5

5. Second tergite finely longitudinally striate/aciculate, matt ( Figure 7e View Figures 7 ); antenna black with yellow fleck on scape ( Figures 6b and 6e View Figures 6 ); frons and vertex with extensive yellow areas ( Figures 6d and 6e View Figures 6 ) ................................................................................ T. gestroi (Schulz)

– Second tergite punctate, glossy ( Figure 12g View Figures 12 ); antenna entirely brown ( Figure 11b View Figures 11 ); frons and vertex entirely dark ( Figures 11d and 11e View Figures 11 )................................................................. ................................................................................................ T. latae Polaszek and Binoy , sp.nov.

Notes

Taeniogonalos thwaitesii (Westwood) from Sri Lanka possibly occurs in South India ( Smith and Tripotin 2015), but there are no recorded observations of its occurrence in India. In this key we include this species to facilitate future recognition.