Philodromus histrio ( LATREILLE, 1819 )

Szita, É., Logunov, D. & O, P., 2008, A Review Of The Histrio Group Of The Spider Genus Philodromus Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae, Philodromidae) Of The Eastern Palaearctic Region, Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 54 (1), pp. 23-73 : 29-35

Philodromus histrio ( LATREILLE, 1819)

(Figs 4–6, 16–17, 67; Map 1 )

Thomisus histrio Latreille, 1819: 36 (D f; the f holotype from France lost).

Material examined: RUSSIA: Voronezh Region: Ternovka Distr., Savala forestry, c. 51°41’N, 41°33’E, c. 150 m a.s.l., K. G. Mikhailov, ZMMU – summer 1980, 1 f. Rostov Region: no exact locality, T. Pravdina, ZMMU – date(?), 1 f. Stavropol’ Territory: Levokumskoe Distr., nr. Velichaevka [=Velichaevskoe], c. 44°57’N, 45°07’E, c. 30 m a.s.l., PSU – 25/07/1915, 1 m. Perm Region: Kungur Distr., Sylva Riv. Valley, left riverside, c. 5 km NW of Kungur, Spasskaya Gora protected landscape, c. 57°28’40”N, 56°51’10”E, 120–173 m a.s.l., S. L. Esyunin, PSU – 6/06/1987, 3 f – 21/05/1988, 1 m; Kishert’ Distr., Sylva River Valley, right riverside, c. 2 km W of Ust’-Kishert’, Predural’e Preserve, c. 57°22’N, 57°09’30”E, 140–235 m a.s.l., V. E. Efimik, PSU – 3/07/1994, 1 f. Chelyabinsk Region: Troitsk Distr., Ui River valley, Troitsk [=Troitskiy], c. 54°05’30”N, 61°34’ 30”E, c. 200 m a.s.l., A. Ovsyannikov, PSU – summer 1940, 5 f; same locality V. E. Efimik, PSU – 3 m 12 f. Kurgan Region: Zverinigolovskoe Distr., Tobol River valley, Ukrainets, c. 54°23’40”N, 64°48’20”E, c. 100 m a.s.l., Smirnov, SZMN – 25/05/1990, 1 m. Novosibirsk Region: nr. Chany Lake, c. 55°00’N, 77°30’E, c. 110 m a.s.l., V. P. Pekin, SZMN – 16/06/1989, 1 f; Kargat Distr., c. 13 km ENE of Verkh-Kargat, Makar’evski, c. 55°25’N, 80°51’30”E, c. 130 m a.s.l., D. V. Logunov, SZMN – 22/07/1988, 14 f; Karasuk Distr., 20–25 km SW of Karasuk, c. 53°34’N, 77°50’E, c. 110 m a.s.l., V. P. Pekin, SZMN – 23/05/1989, 1 m 3 f – 6/06/1989, 1 m 2 f – 21/05/1990, 2 m 7 f; 35–40 km SW of Karasuk, c. 53°29’N, 77°45’E, c. 110 m a.s.l., A. A. Alexeev, SZMN, 29/06/1998, 3 m 2 f; Kochenevo Distr., nr. Chik, c. 54°59’30”N, 82°26’E, 120–140 m a.s.l., A. V. Legalov, SZMN – 6/06/1991, 1 f; Chistoozernoe Distr., O. E. Kosterin, SZMN – nr. Bol’shoe-Gor’koe Lake, c. 54°21’N, 75°52’E, c. 100 m a.s.l., 25/06/1994, 1 f – c. 28 km W of Novokrasnoe, Zolotaya Griva Stand, c. 54°16’30”N, 75°42’E, c. 110 m a.s.l., 23/06/1994, 2 f – Kulmakan Lake, c. 54°12’15”N, 75°47’15”E, c. 100 m a.s.l., 24/06/1994, 1 f – E Solenoe Lake, c. 54°18’N, 76°06’E, c. 100 m a.s.l., 26/06/1994, 1 f. Magadan Region: no exact locality, Mosina, PSU – date(?), 1 f. – UKRAINE Odesa [= Odessa] Region: Bilgorod-Dnistrovs’kii [=Belgorod-Dnestrovskii] Distr., nr. Sergiivka [=Sergeevka], c. 46°01’50”N, 30°22’10”E, 0–30 m a.s.l., steppe slope, Yu. M. Marusik, ZMMU – 1–7/07/1994, 1 m; s.r., no exact locality, V. F. Mikityuk, SZMN – 1/07/1983, 1 f. Kherson Region: Chaplinka Distr., Askaniya-Nova, c. 46°27’N, 33°52’30”E, 20–27 m a.s.l., ZMMU – 30/05/1929, 1 m. The Crymea: nr. Dzhankoi, c. 45°43’N, 34°23’30”E, c. 20 m a.s.l., V. Kuznetsov, PSU – 2/06/1926, 2 m 1 f. – AZERBAIJAN: ‘Aresh (Elizavetopolsk)’ [Bozdagh Mt. Range, c. 40°55’N, 46°41’E, 40–80 m a.s.l.,], A. B. Shelkovnikov, PSU – 1892, 1 m 6 f. Baku Region: Abşeron Figs 4–9. Male genitalia of Philodromus spp. 4 –6. = P. histrio – 4 v, 5 rl, 6 pl. 7–9. = P. ablegminus – 7 v, 8 rl, 9 pl. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (v – ventral view, rl – retrolateral view, pl – prolateral view). Specimens: P. histrio : N Kazakhstan Region, Bol’shaya-Malyshka; P. ablegminus : the holotype Figs 10–15. Male genitalia of Philodromus spp. 10–12. = P. xerophilus – 10 v, 11 rl, 12 pl. 13–15. = P. lanchowensis – 13 v, 14 rl, 15 pl. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Specimens: P. xerophilus : the holotype; P.

lanchowensis: Buryatia, Ulan-Ude

[= Apsheron] Pnsl., nr. Baku , c. 40°24’N, 49°52’E, 27–160 m a.s.l., P. M. Dunin, as Thanatus formicinus, ZMMU – 4/05/1977, 1 f. – KAZAKHSTAN: Kostanai [=Kustanai] Region: Arkalyk , c. 50°14’50”N, 66°54’30”E, c. 350 m a.s.l., A. V. Gromov, SZMN – 2/06/1995, 1 f. Astana [=Akmola, Tselinograd] Region: Shchuchinsk Distr. , c . 23.5 km ESE of Shchuchinsk, ENE foohills of Berkuty Mt. , c . 1 km NE of Burevestnik , 52°53’47”N, 70°32’57”E, c. 375 m, steppe, A. V. Gromov, AGC – 4/06/2002, 1 m 2 f. N Kazakhstan Region: Kyzylzhar [=Sokolovka] Distr. , the right bank of Ischim River , nr. Bol’shaya-Malyshka , c. 55°05’30”N, 69°13’30”E, c. 100 m a.s.l., D. V. Logunov, ZMMU – 10–18/06/1986, 1 m 20 f. Pavlodar Region: Pavlodar Distr. , c . 35 km N of Pavlodar, the right bank of Irtysh River, nr. Sychevka, c. 52°35’30”N, 76°45’E, c. 105 m a.s.l., O. V. Lyakhov, SZMN – 20/06/1994, 8 f; Aksu [= Ermak] Distr., the left bank of Irtysh River , c . 8 km NE of Kyzyldzhar, O. V. Lyakhov, ZMMU – 14/07/1990, 2 m 3 f; nr. Malyi Kalkaman Lake, 52°04’N, 76°32’E – 52°04’N, 76°33’E, 110–130 m a.s.l., O. V. Lyakhov, SZMN – 6/06/1994, 1 m 2 f; Malyi Kalkaman Lake (NE shore), c. 52°04’N, 76°32’20”E, c. 130 m a.s.l., A. V. Gromov, SZMN – 8/06/1998, 1 f; c . 1 km NE of Oshterek , 52°01’40”N, 76°49’20”E, c. 123 m a.s.l., A. V. Gromov, SZMN – 8/06/1998, 1 f; c . 1 km W of Aksu [= Ermak ], c. 52°03’N, 76°54’E, c. 120 m a.s.l., A. V. Gromov, SZMN – 6/06/1998, 1 f; Lebyazh’e [= Akku] Distr., c . 3 km NW of Shoktal, c. 51°49’N, 78°58’E, c. 153 m a.s.l., O. V. Lyakhov, SZMN – 5/07/1990, 2 f; Bayanaul Distr., Kyzyltau Mt. Range , c. 50°25’N, 76°03’E, O. V. Lyakhov, SZMN – 11/06/1991, 3 f. E Kazakhstan Region: Kurchum Distr., SW foothills of Narym Mt. Range , nr. Aktobe Hill , R. Yu. Dudko, SZMN – c . 15 km NW of Kurchum , c. 48°41’N, 83°32’E, 3–4/05/1999, 1 m – c . 20 km N of Kurchum , c. 48°45’N, 83°38’E, 5/05/1999, 1 f. N Prizaisan’e Region: Kulundzhinskie Sands, R. Yu. Dudko & I. I. Lyubechanski , SZMN – 8–10/05/1999, 1 f. Almaty [=Alma-Ata] Region: Kerbulak Distr. , c . 37 km SSW of Konyrolen, S slope of Aktau Mt. Range , c. 43°57’20”N, 79°04’30”E, 640–680 m a.s.l., A. A. Zyuzin & A. V. Gromov, SZMN – 08– 09.05.1992, 2 f.

may represent more than one close localities

Diagnosis: Embolus thick. PTA with two peaks directed laterad and projected over the cymbial edge. CD subequal in width, narrowing anteriorly. SO thin, tube-like, situated in the median position.

Male (N Kazakhstan Region: Bol’shaya-Malyshka and Pavlodar Region: Kyzyldzhar): Colouration and pattern is similar to female. Measurements (n= 3). Body length 4.1–5.65. PsL 1.85–2.4, PsW 1.75–2.25, OsL 2.25–3.25, OsW 1.3–2.1. Distances between eyes: AME 0.09–0.10, ALE 0.08–0.09, PME 0.07–0.08, PLE 0.08–0.09, AME-AME 0.11–0.13, AME-ALE 0.07–0.10, PME-PME 0.28–0.29, PME-PLE 0.15–0.19, MOA-AW 0.25–0.33, MOA-PW 0.34–0.45, MOA-L 0.32–0.33, AME-PME 0.21–0.24, ALE-PLE 0.15–0.21. Length of leg segments: FeI 2.85–3.3, PaI 1–1.35, TiI 2.5–3, MtI 1.95–2.6, TaI 1.45–1.7, FeII 3.5–4.1, PaII 1.4–1.65, TiII 3.3–4, MtII 3–3.5, TaII 1.95–2.2, FeIII 2.3–2.7, PaIII 0.8–1.2, TiIII 1.95–2.25, MtIII 1.6–2, TaIII 1–1.25, FeIV 2.75–3.3, PaIV 0.85–1.15, TiIV 2.25–2.6, MtIV 2–2.35, TaIV 1.1–1.2. Total length of legs: legI 9.75–11.95, legII 13.15–15.45, legIII 7.65–9.4, legIV 8.95–10.6. Spination of leg I: femur: d 0–0–1–0–1; pl 0–0–1–1–1 or 0–0–1–1–0; v -; rl 0–0–1–1–1 or 0–0–1–1–0. tibia: d 0–0–1; pl 0–1–0–1–0 or 1–0–1–0–1; v 2–0–2–0–0ap; rl 0–1–0–1–0 or 1–0–1–0–1. metatarsus: d -; pl 1–1–0–0–1; v 2–0–2–0–0-ap; rl 1–1–0–0–1.

Palpus (Figs 4–6). CyL 0.77–0.98, CyW 0.35–0.476, PTiL 0.322–0.42. Embolus strong, proximally swollen and bent, apically narrowing and curving retro-laterad (tube-like). The PTA with two peaks, overhanging the cymbium retrolaterally. The ST is seen in ventral view (Fig. 4). The palpal tibia longer than wide. The VTA narrow and retrolaterally with a rounded tip. The RTA small and swollen.

Female (N Kazakhstan Region: Bol’shaya-Malyshka): Prosoma reddish yellow, with a dark brown pattern ( Fig. 67 ). Opisthosoma greyish brown, with the pattern of dark brown and beige stripes. Legs reddish, with longitudinal dark brown stripes. Measurements (n= 8). Body length 4.65–7.5. PsL 1.9–2.55, PsW 1.85–2.45, OsL 2.75–4.95, OsW 1.65–3.65. Distances between eyes: AME 0.06–0.11, ALE 0.06–0.10, PME 0.06–0.08, PLE 0.06–0.10, AME-AME 0.13–0.15, AME-ALE 0.07–0.11, PME-PME 0.25–0.31, PME-PLE 0.15–0.20, MOA-AW 0.25–0.34, MOA-PW 0.36–0.48, MOA-L 0.34–0.42, AME-PME 0.20–0.25, ALE-PLE 0.15–0.20. Length of leg segments: FeI 2.55–3.25, PaI 0.95–1.35, TiI 2.2–2.75, MtI 1.75–2.35, TaI 1.1–1.6, FeII 3.3–4.15, PaII 1.25–1.55, TiII 3.05–3.8, MtII 2.45–2.95, TaII 1.45–1.85, FeIII 2–2.8, PaIII 0.75–1.15, TiIII 1.65–2.2, MtIII 1.4–1.7, TaIII 0.95–1.25, FeIV 2.4–3.25, PaIV 0.75–1.25, TiIV 2–2.6, MtIV 1.6–2.25, TaIV 1–1.35. Total length of legs: legI 8.8–11.3, legII 11.65–14.4, legIII 6.95–9.1, legIV 8.1–10.6. Spination of leg I: femur: d 0–0–1–0–1; pl 0–0–1–1–0 or 0–0–1–1–1; v -; rl – or 0–0–1–0–1. tibia: d 0–0–1; pl 0–1–0–1–0 or 0–0–1–0–1; v 2–0–2–0–0ap; rl 0–1–0–1–0 or 0–0–1–0–1. metatarsus: d -; pl 1–1–0–0–1; v 2–0–2–0–0ap; rl 1–1–0–0–1.

Epigyne and spermathecae as in Figs 16–17 . The CD wide, slightly narrowing anteriorly and concaved posteriorly. Two EA well-marked, keyhole-shaped, subparallel; their anterior parts clearly visible in ventral view. The S ovoid, wider anteriorly. The SO tube-like, situated in the medio-posterior position.

Habitat: Various steppe-like habitats. Ukraine (including the Crimea): birch stands, shores of saline lakes, plain steppe and stony steppe slopes ( POLCHANINOVA 1988, 1990, 1994; KOVBLYUK 2003); Rostov Region: plain steppe and meadows ( MINORANSKI et al. 1980); Kalmykia: saline meadows ( MINORANSKI & PONOMAREV 1984); Ulyanovsk Region: grassy-sandy biotops ( KRASNOBAEV 2004); Samara Region: steppes ( KRASNOBAEV 2004); Chelyabinsk Region: the stony Festuca-Stipa steppe, shores of steppe lakes and river valley meadows ( EFIMIK & ZOLOTAREV 1998); W Siberia: the Artemisia saline steppe, salt marshes (present data); Yakutia: woodland with steppe patches and river-side steppes ( KOPONEN et al. 2004; KOPONEN & MARUSIK 1992); Kazakhstan (Barsakel’mes Island): sand dunes ( PAVLENKO 1985; ZYUZIN et al. 1994). In towns, the species can occur on fences (present data). Elevations: 0–700 m a.s.l., but most of the records were made from 20 to 150 m a.s.l.

Remarks: P. histrio was identified on the basis of the taxonomic account by DONDALE and REDNER (1975: figs 10–25) and the illustrations by TULLGREN (1970: Plate XVI, figs 215–217). This species is most similar to P. ablegminus and P. xerophilus . Males can be distinguished by the thicker embolus and by the shape of PTA: two peaks in P. histrio and one peak in others (Figs 4, 7, 10); besides, the PTA is directed laterad in P. ablegminus and mediad in P. xerophilus (cf. Figs 7 and 10). The females of P. histrio can be easily distinguished from those of P. ablegminus by the narrower CD ( Figs 16 and 18 ). The SOs of P. histrio are closer to each other (in the median position, as in P. ablegminus ) than those of P. xerophilus (in the lateral position) ( Figs 17, 19, 21 ).

Distribution: The circum-Holarctic temperate range; known from western Europe ( PRÓSZYŃSKI & STARĘGA 1971) throughout Minor Asia ( ROEWER 1959, TOPÇU et al. 2005), the Caucasus ( MINORANSKI 1988, GUSEINOV 1998) and the Urals ( ESYUNIN & EFIMIK 1996) to Kazakhstan (present data), W Siberia ( SPASSKY & LAVROV 1928, present data) and Yakutia ( MARUSIK 1991, MARUSIK et al. 1993, KOPONEN et al. 2004, KOPONEN & MARUSIK 1992) in the east. In the Nearctic Region, the species occurs from Yukon to Nova Scotia, southward to Mexico ( DONDALE et al. 1997). For locaities in the E Palaearctic Region see Map 1 .

The records of P. histrio from Tuva ( LOGUNOV et al. 1998, MARUSIK et al. 2000) and partly from Buryatia (DANILOV 1999) are turned out to be those of P. xerophilus (see below). The records of this species from Buryatia (Borakchin and Zimugoi Islands, IZMAILOVA 1989), Chita Region (Dogoptchan, DANILOV 1990) and Khabarovsk Territory (the Bureinski Reserve, TRILIKAUSKAS 2000) are likely to belong either to P. lanchowensis or P. xerophilus . We have been unable to re-examine the pertinent material by those authors and therefore these records are neglected here.

Besides, it is very likely that the records of P. histrio from Tajikistan (Varzaminor, KRONEBERG 1885: sub P. elegans, ANDREEVA 1975 , 1976) and the Himalayas, Karakoram (Olthingthang, Skardu, Shigar, Paju, Luglio, CAPORIACCO 1935) can belong to a separate species, as all of these records were made from the high altitudes of 2200 to 3500 m a.s.l. As above all this matter requires a resolution, we have not mapped the localities by the latest authors.

Figures

Map 1. Distribution of P. histrio in the eastern Palaearctic Region. The records from the middle reaches of River Volga (KRASNOBAEV 2004), except for Samarskaya Luka, are not shown. One dot

Figs 67–80. Body patterns of Philodromus spp. 67 = P. histrio f, 68 = P. ablegminus f, 69 = P. xerophilus f, 70 = P. lanchowensis m, 71 = P. alascensis m, 72 = ditto f, 73 = P. tuvinensis m, 74 = ditto f, 75 = P. mysticus f, 76 = P. timidus m, 77 = P. xinjiangensis m, 78 = P. fallax m, 79 = P.

Figs 16–23. Female genitalia of Philodromus spp. 16–17 = P. histrio – 16 = epigyne, 17 = spermathecae.18–19 = P. ablegminus – 18 = epigyne, 19 = spermathecae.20–21 = P. xerophilus – 20 = epigyne, 21 = spermathecae. 22–23 = P. lanchowensis – 22 = epigyne, 23 = spermathecae. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Specimens: P. histrio: N Kazakhstan Region, Bol’shaya-Malyshka; P. ablegminus: the paratype from Kazakhstan, Kapchagai Canyon; P. xerophilus: the paratype from Tuva, Onchalaan Mt.; P. lanchowensis: Buryatia, Ulan-Ude