Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann, 1897

Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A. & Robbins, Richard G., 2019, Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia, Zootaxa 4558 (1), pp. 1-89 : 23

Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann, 1897

Historically, Ha. bispinosa has been used as a catch-all for several species of the subgenus Kaiseriana in Southeast Asia ( Hoogstraal and Trapido 1966b; Hoogstraal et al. 1968c, who discuss the confusion between Ha. bispinosa and Ha. longicornis of temperate China, Japan, Russia, Korea, New Zealand and Australia, as well as some Pacific Islands). Haemaphysalis bispinosa sensu stricto is now known to be widely distributed in Sri Lanka, India, the lower elevations of Nepal and parts of Pakistan, Bangladesh, China and Japan ( Hoogstraal et al. 1968c; Chen et al. 2010). In Southeast Asia it is thought to have been introduced to western Myanmar, peninsular Malaysia and Borneo (Hoogstraal et al. 1969), as well as Thailand ( Tanskul and Inlao 1989). It parasitizes a variety of wild and domestic birds and mammals in its natural habitats ( Hoogstraal et al. 1972b). In those areas to which it has been introduced it is seldom reported to feed on wild animals, being largely restricted to domestic stock (Hoogstraal 1985b). Haemaphysalis bispinosa nymphs can be parasitized by Hunterellus sagarensis ( Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae ) parasitoid wasps ( Geevarghese and Sreenivasan 1973; Geevarghese and Dhanda 1983).

The female neotype is described by Hoogstraal and Trapido (1966b). Trapido et al. (1964b) illustrate the larval capitulum and the nymphal capitulum, coxae and trochanters. Lim et al. (2017) describe the initiation of primary cell cultures from embryonic Ha. bispinosa .